优质护理在严重压疮患者中的应用体会

目的研究优质护理在严重压疮患者治疗护理中的应用。方法对照组：2009年7月到2010年6月期间收治的Ⅲ-Ⅳ度压疮患者36例接受清创、换药、定时翻身、加强全身营养等常规护理。研究组：2010年7月-2011年7月期间收治的Ⅲ-Ⅳ度压疮患者30例在常规护理基础上进行卧波浪床、洗澡、胃肠道管理、良性刺激、康复指导等系列优质护理措施。观察指标：压疮愈合情况,患者及家属满意度。结果研究组压疮治愈率高于对照组（46.7%Vs 16.7%,χ2=7.015,P〈0.01）。研究组总有效率高于对照组（86.7%Vs 55.6%,χ2=7.539,P〈0.01）。研究组患者与家属的满意度高于对照组（100%Vs 88.9%,χ2=15.048,P〈0.01）。结论优质护理服务规范化、程序化的开展不仅能够促进伤口的愈合,提高患者满意度,同时提升护士的自我价值并大大促进严重压疮患者的全面康复。     

Analysis of magnetic elements in otoliths of the macula lagena in homing pigeons with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Objective

The macula lagena in birds is located at the apical end of the cochlea and contains many tiny otoliths. The macula lagena is innervated and has neural projections to the brainstem, but its physiological function is still unclear. It remains disputable that it is because otoliths in the lagena are rich in elements Fe and Zn that birds can obtain geomagnetic information for homing. To clarify this issue, we carried out a study to determine whether or not otoliths in the lagena of homing pigeons are richer in magnetic elements than those in the saccule and the utricle.

Methods

The contents of ferromagnetic elements (Fe, Co, Ni) and other metal elements in lagenal otoliths of adult homing pigeons were precisely analyzed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) of high sensitivity, and then they were compared with those in saccular and utricular otoliths (all the contents were normalized to Ca).

Results

In adult homing pigeons, the contents of ferromagnetic elements (Fe, Co, Ni) in lagenal otoliths were less than 0.7% (normalized to Ca element) and were the same order in magnitude as those in saccular and utricular otoliths. The content of Fe in lagenal otoliths was not significantly different from that in utricular otoliths and was even lower than that in saccular otoliths. The content of Co in lagenal otoliths was lower than that in saccular otoliths and higher than that in utricular otoliths. The content of Ni in lagenal otoliths was not significantly different from that in saccular otoliths and was higher than that in utricular otoliths. The contents of other metal elements Na, Mg, K, Al, Mn and Pb in lagenal otoliths were not significantly different from those in utricular and saccular otoliths. The contents of metal elements Zn, Ba and Cu in lagenal otoliths were lower than those in saccular otoliths.

Conclusion

The contents of magnetic elements in lagenal otoliths of homing pigeons are not much higher than those in utricular and saccular otoliths, which does not support the hypothesis that birds depend on high contents of Fe and Zn in lagenal otoliths for sensation of geomagnetic information. Similarities in morphology, element ingredient and element content between lagenal otoliths and utricular otoliths suggest that the two types of otolithic organs may play similar roles in sensing gravitational and acceleration signals.     

miR-140-5p通过NF-κB信号通路调控LPS诱导牙髓细胞炎症因子分泌的机制研究

目的:研究miR-140-5p对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides,LPS)诱导牙髓细胞炎症因子分泌的影响和机制。方法:分离培养人牙髓细胞,分为对照组、LPS组、miR-NC+LPS组、miR-140-5p+LPS组,Realtime PCR检测细胞中miR-140-5p表达水平,ELISA法检测细胞培养上清液中IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α含量,Western Blot检测细胞中p-IκBα、IκBα、NF-κBp65蛋白表达水平。用NF-κB信号通路激活剂处理LPS条件下转染miR-140-5p mimics的人牙髓细胞,ELISA法检测培养液上清中IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α含量,Western Blot检测细胞中p-IκBα、IκBα、NF-κBp65蛋白表达。结果:与对照组比较,LPS组细胞中miR-140-5p水平下降,细胞培养液上清中IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α含量升高,细胞中p-IκBα、NF-κBp65蛋白表达增多,IκBα蛋白表达没有变化。与miR-NC+LPS组比较,miR-140-5p+LPS组细胞中miR-140-5p水平升高,细胞培养液...     

应用排便训练的方法治疗老年功能性便秘的效果观察

目的探讨排便训练治疗老年功能性便秘患者的临床效果观察。方法根据入院先后随机选择临床50例老年性便秘患者,均符合罗马II有关便秘的诊断标准。患者经明确诊断后均给予常规药物治疗及相关的护理,且在此基础上采取排便训练,具体方法:饮水计划、饮食指导、腹部按摩、穴位按摩、肛门收缩运动、定时排便训练等进行对比分析。结果排便训练后便秘症状总分(8.54±1.87)训练前便秘症状总分(12.24±2.09)明显低于训练前,同时便秘症状的各项评分指标也明显优于治疗前。结论排便训练能有效改善老年性便秘的症状,降低便秘导致的并发症,提高患者的生活质量。     

急性一氧化碳中毒救治的护理干预

目的探讨护理干预对急性一氧化碳中毒救治的临床作用,寻求改善预后的护理措施。方法对神经内科2009年1月-2011年3月收治的急性一氧化碳中毒19例进行总结分析。尽早维持呼吸道通畅、高压氧治疗、建立静脉通道并迅速实施脱水治疗、抗感染治疗及防治褥疮等护理干预。结果全组19例,住院时间1-151d,无死亡病例。其中2例出院时呈醒状昏迷,呼叫有表情反应。无发热、抽搐或咳嗽。1例不能回忆近期事件。其余病例均正常出院。结论尽早保持呼吸道通畅和高压氧治疗,迅速建立静脉通道使用脱水剂是治疗急性一氧化碳中毒的关键。护理干预对防止褥疮感染等并发症起重要作用。     

安全型(Ⅰ型)输液巡视车的设计与临床应用效果评价

[目的]评价安全型(I型)输液巡视车的设计和临床应用效果。[方法]自行研制安全型(I型)输液巡视车,选取7个临床科室的120名护理人员,将其随机分为使用普通输液巡视车组和使用安全型(I型)输液巡视车组,对比2016年1月—12月护理人员使用两组输液巡视车的使用满意度、职业性腰背痛发生率、针刺伤发生率。[结果]普通输液巡视车组使用满意度调查评分(87.27±2.89)分,安全型(I型)输液巡视车组(88.47±3.15)分;普通输液巡视车组腰背痛发生率90%,安全型(I型)输液巡视车组腰背痛发生率75%;普通输液巡视车组针刺伤发生率13.3%,安全型(I型)输液巡视车组针刺伤发生率3.3%。以上指标在两组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]相对于普通输液巡视车,安全型(I型)输液巡视车设计科学合理,功能满足临床需求,值得推广和进一步改进。     

“双一流”背景下人体机能学实验课程建设初探

为培养“双一流”大学创新型医学人才,构建全面的基础医学实验教学体系占有极为重要的地位,而人体机能学实验又是基础医学实验的核心课程。中国科学技术大学自2017年底开始组建信息化、数字化、智能化的医学实验教学中心。文章以人体机能学实验课程体系入手,探讨信息化集成实验教学平台、教学团队、教学内容、教学手段和教材的建设以及教学效果,以期为今后建设多元的、创新的、具有中国科学技术大学特色的人体机能学实验教学体系奠定基础。