食管癌术后急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征的危险因素分析

目的: 分析食管癌患者手术后急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)/急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)的发生情况及相关危险因素。方法: 回顾性分析北京大学肿瘤医院重症医学科自2010年1月至2016年12月连续收治的422例食管癌手术患者,统计其术后ALI/ARDS的发生情况。以是否发生ALI/ARDS把患者分为ALI/ARDS组和对照组,对比分析两组间临床资料的差异,将差异有统计学意义的因素作为自变量进行Logistic后退法回归分析,探寻ALI/ARDS的独立危险因素。结果: 术后共有41例患者发生ALI/ARDS,占所有患者的9.7%(41/422),ALI/ARDS组与对照组在平均住院天数[(18.9±9.7) d vs. (14.8±3.6) d,P=0.011]、需要进行机械通气的患者比例[51.2%(21/41) vs. 9.4%(36/381),P<0.001]、院内死亡率[31.7%(13/41) vs. 5.0%(19/381),P<0.001]方面差异有统计学意义。单因素分析结果显示,吸烟史(P=0.064)、术前1秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量(forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity,FEV1/FVC)(P=0.020)、肺一氧化碳弥散量(diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide,DLCO)(P=0.011)、体重指数(body weight index,BMI)(P=0.044)、美国麻醉医师协会(American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA)麻醉风险分级(P=0.049)及术中单肺通气时间(P=0.008)在ALI/ARDS组与对照组之间差异有统计学意义。进一步行Logistic多因素回归分析显示,术前FEV1/FVC(OR=1.053,95%CI 1.010~1.098,P=0.016)、ASA分级(OR=2.392,95%CI 1.073~5.335,P=0.033)、术中单肺通气时间(min)(OR=0.994,95%CI 0.989~0.999,P=0.028)是食管癌术后发生ALI/ARDS的独立危险因素。结论: ALI/ARDS是食管癌术后不容忽视的严重并发症,一旦发生将明显增加患者的住院时间及死亡率,术前FEV1/FVC、ASA分级、术中单肺通气时间是食管癌术后发生ALI/ARDS的独立危险因素。术前对患者的充分评估和准备,术中控制单肺通气时间是预防食管癌术后ALI/ARDS发生的关键。     

胃癌患者淋巴转移的预测分析

目的 建立一个预测胃癌患者淋巴结转移的系统,以利于指导胃癌患者的治疗.方法 分析2005年1月-2009年12月255例于北京友谊医院行胃癌根治术或姑息胃切除手术治疗的胃癌患者术后病理淋巴结是否转移,对其性别、年龄、术前体重下降、合并贫血、合并幽门梗阻、合并慢性疾病史、家族史、肿瘤位置、肿瘤大小、术前CEA单项增高、术...     

减少锁骨下静脉穿刺并发症方法探讨(附1 480例分析)

目的:结合行锁骨下静脉穿刺经验,探讨减少穿刺术中并发症的措施.方法:回顾性分析2018年1月1日至2020年1月1日在北京大学肿瘤医院静脉通路中心进行中心静脉置管的1 480例病人.结果:所有病人中196例首先尝试行左侧锁骨下静脉穿刺,1 284例首先尝试行右侧锁骨下静脉穿刺,其中左侧锁骨下静脉穿刺3针及以内成功172...     

改良FOLFFOX7方案对进展期胃癌新辅助化疗的安全性和有效性

Background  Gastric cancer is one of the most common types of malignant tumors in China and East Asia and has the highest mortality rate of the malignant gastrointestinal tumors. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a systemic or local chemotherapy that is given prior to the local treatment of malignant tumors. Neoadjuvant therapy is currently showing some positive prospects; however, its clinical effects remain controversial. In this study, we used the modified FOLFOX7 (mFOLFOX7) regimen as a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen. Perioperative clinical and pathological efficacy, toxicity, effects of surgery, postoperative observation, and prognosis were studied to investigate its clinical efficacy and safety.

Methods  Eighty patients with advanced gastric cancer were treated in our surgery department from 2005 to 2009; 38 of these patients received mFOLFOX7 neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the other 42 patients assigned to the control group. The perioperative effects of mFOLFOX7 chemotherapy, including clinical effects and toxicity, were observed in each patient.

Results  After mFOLFOX7 chemotherapy, clinical and pathologic stages decreased in 21.1% and 36.8% of the patients, respectively, but the results were not statistically significant (P=0.129). The clinical response rate was 50% (19/38). Toxicity was mild; most adverse events were grade I or II and involved no severe infections or deaths. Compared with the control group, the radical resection rate increased (92.1% vs. 85.7%; P=0.437); surgical effects were completed without an increased incidence of perioperative complications. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 78.70%, 57.40%, and 51.66%, respectively, in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group and 78.57%, 56.87%, and 43.16%, respectively, in the control group.

Conclusions  The mFOLFOX7 regimen was very effective and well-tolerated as a neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. However, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates in the mFOLFOX7 group were not significantly different from the control group.     

乳腺癌术后肺栓塞27例临床特征分析

目的 探讨乳腺癌外科术后肺栓塞的临床特征.方法 选取2008年1月1日至2020年1月1日在北京大学肿瘤医院行乳腺癌手术后出现肺栓塞的患者27例,收集并分析其临床资料、诊断结果、治疗及预后等.结果 入组的27例肺栓塞患者的临床表现无特异性,均通过肺动脉CT血管造影(CTPA)显示动脉充盈缺损确诊,其中双侧肺栓塞18例,...