肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.     

肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.     

肾功能分级在成人心脏术后肾功能衰竭的应用

Objective To evaluate the ability of the RIFLE classification to predict hospital mortality in adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Methods From October Ist 2006 to December 31st 2006, five hundred and nine adult patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve operation were enrolled in this study. Renal function was assessed daily according to the RIFLE classification, meanwhile, APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score were also evaluated, as well as the maximum scores were recorded. Results Mean duration of ventilation support was 18(14 - 19) hours, the time of ICU stay was 1.4 ± 1.0 days, and the time of postoperative hospital stay was 12. 0(10.0- 15.0) days. 167 patients (32. 8%) incurred postoperative ARF according to the RIFLE classification. The overall mortality was 4. 3% (22/502). A significant increase (P < 0. 01) was observed for mortality based on RIFLE classification. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, the RIFLE classification had more powerful discrimination power [0. 933, (95% CI 0. 872 -0. 995) ,P <0. 001]. Conclusions ARF is one of the major complications in postcardiotomy patients. Analytical data suggested the good discriminative power of the RIFLE classification for predicting inpatient mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF, and the RIFLE classification is simple and practically performed. According to the RIFLE classification, patients with RIFLE class I or class F incur a significantly increased risk of in-hospital mortality compared with those who never develop ARF.     

心脏术后体外膜肺氧合支持患者下呼吸道感染分析

目的分析心脏手术后应用ECMO支持治疗患者的下呼吸道感染病原菌分布及耐药情况。方法收集、分析我院2006年1月至2010年10月应用ECMO辅助治疗患者的下呼吸道感染资料。结果共分离出阳性菌116株,其中革兰氏阴性菌占65.5%,以鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和阴沟肠杆菌居多,显示多药耐药。革兰氏阳性菌占22.4%,包括金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和溶血葡萄球菌等,对万古霉素较为敏感。真菌占12.1%,主要有白色假丝酵母菌和光滑球拟假丝酵母菌等,对氟康唑、5-氟胞嘧啶等敏感性较高。结论心脏手术后ECMO支持治疗的患者下呼吸道感染发病率高,应严格无菌操作,合理使用抗生素,以降低病死率。     

主动脉内球囊反搏在老年冠状动脉移植术中的应用

目的:评价主动脉内球囊反搏在老年冠状动脉移植术中的应用。方法:回顾性分析2006年5月至2009年2月在我院行冠状动脉移植手术应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)辅助的老年(≥65岁)患者资料。其中男性77例,女性34例,平均年龄(69.9±3.8)岁。结果:所有患者中非体外循环冠状动脉移植术79例,体外循环冠状动脉移植术32例。IABP术前放置32例(28.82%),术中/术后放置79例(71.17%),主要并发症有:急性肾功能损伤(45.05%),感染(35.14%)和二次气管插管(12.61%)等。术后住院死亡30例,病死率27%。术前置入IABP的患者病死率(15.63%)明显低于术中或术后置入IABP的患者病死率(31.65%,P=0.004)。患者置入IABP时间不同,其术后是否二次气管插管、是否发生急性肾功能损伤差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素回归分析二次气管插管(OR=165.850,95%CI7.110～386.557,P=0.001)、感染(OR=20.911,95%CI2.940～148.710,P=0.002)和急性肾功能损伤(OR=12.557,95%CI2.935～53.716,P=0.001)是住院死亡的独立危险因素。结论:对于行冠状动脉移植术的老年患者,IABP是安全且行之有效的辅助循环手段之一,在本组研究中,术前放置IABP组患者的病死率显著低于术中/术后放置IABP组患者的病死率,故应积极预防和控制围术期并发症的发生,以降低患者的病死率。     

APACHEⅢ评分与老年冠状动脉移植术后IABP辅助治疗的医院感染

目的分析冠状动脉移植术后主动脉内球囊反搏辅助的老年患者的医院感染情况与APACHEⅢ评分的相关性。方法回顾性收集、分析我院2006年4月至2009年2月冠状动脉移植术后IABP辅助治疗的老年（≥65岁）患者的医院感染资料,并进行APACHEⅢ评分系统评估。结果 111例患者,年龄69.9±3.8岁,男77例,女34例。医院感染29例,感染率26.1%。患者平均APACHEⅢ评分为60.8±14.0,高分组患者的医院感染率和住院死亡率均高于低分组。结论医院感染是老年冠状动脉移植术后IABP辅助患者的死亡危险因素之一,APACHEⅢ评分系统可作为预测医院感染发生的方法之一。     

体外膜肺氧合辅助后高胆红素血症的临床意义

目的 探讨体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)辅助病人高胆红素血症的发病率及其对住院死亡的影响.方法 收集2005年至2008年65例应用ECMO辅助的成年病人资料,记录血流动力学、血牛化指标等以及临床转归.结果 51例成功脱离ECMO,脱机率为78.5%,33例生存出院,总病死率49.2%.55.4%的ECMO辅助病人发生高胆红素血症,其病死率明显高于非高胆红素血症组(P<0.01).Logis-tic回归分析显示,高胆红素血症明显增加病人住院死亡风险(OR=3.895,P<0.01).结论 高胆红素血症在ECMO辅助病人中的发病率较高,是增加术后病死率的影响因素之一,应及时处理,以改善病人的临床转归.     

肾功能分级在成人心脏术后肾功能衰竭的应用

目的 探讨RIFLE分级对成人心脏术后患者临床转归的预测价值.方法 收集509例行冠状动脉移植术、瓣膜替换术成年患者资料.按照RIFLE分级、APACHE Ⅱ及SOFA评分,在心脏手术后住院期间分别对患者进行评分并记录最高分值.结果 术后呼吸机辅助时间18(14～19)h,监护室停留时间(1.4 ±1.0)d,术后住院时间12.0 d(10.0～15.0)d.根据RIFLE分级,发生不同程度急性肾功能衰竭共167例,占32.8%;住院死亡22例,死亡率4.3%,死亡率随RIFLE分级的递进有升高趋势(P<0.01).RIFLEmax的ROC曲线下面积为0.933(P<0.001).结论 ARF是心脏术后常见并发症之一,RIFLE分级对此类患者住院死亡有良好预测能力;分级进入I级和F级会明显增加住院死亡的可能.     

老年患者心脏瓣膜置换术后急性肾衰竭透析治疗的高危因素分析

目的探讨老年患者心脏瓣膜置换术后急性肾衰竭(ARF)透析治疗的高危因素。方法将年龄>65岁行心脏瓣膜置换术后发生ARF需要透析的43例患者作为透析组,另选年龄同上行心脏瓣膜置换术无需透析的86例患者作为对照组,应用logistic回归进行多因素分析,筛选出心脏瓣膜置换术后ARF需透析治疗的高危因素。结果透析组患者术前NYHA分级、LVEF、肌酐、尿素水平、体外循环时间、术后发生低心排综合征。24h内输入库血量与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);其中术后发生低心排综合征、体外循环时间与术后ARF需要透析的关系最为密切。结论年龄不是老年患者心脏瓣膜置换术后ARF需透析治疗的高危因素,其发生与术后低心排综合征、体外循环时间关系最为密切,积极防范和应对可以减少这种严重并发症的发生。     

75岁以上高龄患者心脏手术后重症监护医院感染分析

目的：调查重症监护病房高龄心脏手术患者术后医院感染及病原菌耐药性,以指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。方法：回顾性分析2005年1月至2012年10月,我院心脏外科75岁以上高龄患者术后医院感染临床资料,纸片扩散（K-B）法进行药敏实验。结果：2005年1月至2012年10月75岁以上高龄患者行开胸心脏手术1 361例,100例患者发生医院感染,感染率7.3%。合并糖尿病患者医院感染发生率显著高于非糖尿病患者;发生医院感染的高龄心脏手术患者住院时间、住院费用及病死率显著高于未发生医院感染的高龄患者。分离各种病原菌165株,其中呼吸道101株,占61.2%;血液29株,占17.6%;其他各类病原菌35株,占21.2%。革兰氏阴性菌中以鲍曼不动杆菌为主（20.6%）,革兰氏阳性菌中以表皮葡萄球菌为主（7.2%）,真菌中以白色假丝酵母菌为主（22.4%）。鲍曼不动杆菌显示多种药物为100%耐药。溶血性葡萄球菌及金黄色葡萄球菌显示多药耐药。呋喃妥因及万古霉素对革兰氏阳性球菌抗菌活性均为100%。结论：高龄心脏手术患者术后医院感染主要发生在呼吸道,耐药性逐渐增加,围手术期应合理使用抗菌药物,减轻患者负担,降低高龄患者住院病死率。