确保腹腔镜直肠系膜完全切除的手术技巧:介绍一种自创骶前隧道式分离法

众所周知,全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision,TME)是治疗中低位直肠癌,降低局部复发率的有效方法.虽然对于一个熟练的腹腔镜结直肠专科医师来说,行腹腔镜低位或超低位直肠前切除时应用TME,感觉手术视野优于开腹手术[1].但遇到肥胖或骨盆狭窄的低位直肠癌患者,即使熟练的腹腔镜外科医师也感到棘手.主要难点在于对腹膜反折以下直肠侧方及末端系膜进行完整切除相当困难,如系膜切除不全则可能影响手术预后.我们基于对1000余例直肠癌直肠系膜标本的解剖认识及300余例腹腔镜直肠癌的手术经验,总结一种简易、不易造成直肠系膜破损的TME方法--骶前隧道式分离法,供同道参考.     

确保腹腔镜直肠系膜完全切除的手术技巧:介绍一种自创骶前隧道式分离法

众所周知,全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision,TME)是治疗中低位直肠癌,降低局部复发率的有效方法.虽然对于一个熟练的腹腔镜结直肠专科医师来说,行腹腔镜低位或超低位直肠前切除时应用TME,感觉手术视野优于开腹手术[1].但遇到肥胖或骨盆狭窄的低位直肠癌患者,即使熟练的腹腔镜外科医师也感到棘手.主要难点在于对腹膜反折以下直肠侧方及末端系膜进行完整切除相当困难,如系膜切除不全则可能影响手术预后.我们基于对1000余例直肠癌直肠系膜标本的解剖认识及300余例腹腔镜直肠癌的手术经验,总结一种简易、不易造成直肠系膜破损的TME方法--骶前隧道式分离法,供同道参考.     

浆膜受侵的结直肠癌术后腹腔化疗联合静脉化疗的临床研究

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy to systemic chemotherapy alone for serosa-involved colorectal cancer. Methods According to the criteria of serosa-involving in colorectal cancer, 332 cases were divided into 2 groups prospectively without randomization. Study group (n=166) was treated with intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy, and control group (n=166) with systemic chemotherapy alone. Incidence of local recurrence, peritoneal metastasis, hepatic metastasis, other distant metastasis and 3-year, 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of two groups were compared. Results 3-year and 5-year OS rates of stage Ⅱ B in study group were similar to those in control group (χ2=0.612,P=0.434). The above rates of stage Ⅲ in study group were higher than those in control group (χ2=3.989,P=0.046). Either the study group or the control group, the 3-year and 5-year OS rates of patients undergone laparoscopic surgery or open surgery were similar (P=0.839, P=0.172). Incidences of local recurrence, peritoneal metastasis and hepatic metastasis in study group were 1.9%, 3.8% and 3.8% respetively, lower than those in control group (8.2%,9.5% and 10.1%,P<0.05). Distant metastasis rate in study group was similar to that in control group. In study group, intraperitoneal chemotherapy regimen with Oxaliplatin had lower rates of peritoneal metastasis and hepatic metastasis as compared to that with Cisplatin (0.9% vs 8.8% ,P=0.019), while the incidences of local recurrence and other distant metastasis were similar. Conclusions Postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy improves 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates in patients with stage Ⅲ serosa-involved colorectal cancer, and decreases local recurrence, peritoneal metastasis and liver metastasis rate, especially when intraperitoneal chemotherapy regimen contains Oxaliphtin. Comparing with open surgery, laparoscopic surgery dose not improve 3-year and S-year overall survival rates in patients receiving combined chemotherapy or systemic chemotherapy alone.     

甲状腺术中副损伤的防治

我科１９８７年１月～１９９６年１０月共手术治疗甲状腺腺瘤、甲状腺机能亢进症、甲状腺癌（以下分别简称甲瘤、甲亢、甲癌）１５６７例，术中发生各类副损伤３７例，占全部手术的２．３６％（３７／１５６７）。现报道如下。１临床资料１．１一般资料本组１５６７例，男...     

腹腔镜右半结肠癌根治术解剖学基础与规范化手术

腹腔镜手术现已广泛应用于结肠癌的手术治疗,其中的腹腔镜右半结肠癌根治术是难度较大的术式,术中需结扎处理的血管较多,且相关血管存在较多变异。完成规范化的腹腔镜右半结肠切除术,还需对淋巴结清扫范围及完整结肠系膜切除术有充分认识。本文结合国内外文献及我科腹腔镜右半结肠癌根治术的多年经验,对腹腔镜右半结肠癌根治术所需掌握的相关外科解剖做简要综述,探讨淋巴结清扫范围,并介绍我科规范化的腹腔镜右半结肠切除术操作流程供同道参考。     

腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术后并发症的分析

结直肠癌是消化道常见恶性肿瘤.手术是其主要的治疗方式,开腹手术和腹腔镜手术是两种主要的术式.术后吻合口瘘、吻合口出血、肠梗阻、排尿功能与性功能障碍是其常见并发症,乳糜漏、切口感染、肺部感染、切口肿瘤种植等也时有发生.两种手术方式比较,腹腔镜手术并不增加术后并发症发生率,某些并发症甚至低于开腹手术.腹腔镜能安全应用于结直肠癌根治术中.     

直肠癌术后吻合口漏的诊断与治疗进展

随着全直肠系膜切除技术的推广,中低位直肠癌的保肛手术比例大大提高.保肛术后吻合口漏是直肠癌术后最重要的并发症,也是术后发生其他并发症和死亡的主要原因.国内外的外科医师对直肠癌术后吻合口漏的早期诊断、预防及治疗进行了大量的研究,对该并发症有了较深入的认识.     

肛提肌外腹会阴联合直肠切除术治疗低位直肠癌

传统的腹会阴联合直肠切除术存在环周切缘阳性率高及术中穿孔率较高而影响预后的缺点,肛提肌外腹会阴联合直肠切除术可克服这些缺点．但该术式存在操作复杂、创伤大和并发症多等缺点。通过近几年的临床研究．国内外学者对该术式的适应证、手术方式改良及并发症的防治有了更加深入的认识。本文就经胍提肌外腹会阴联合直肠切除术的特点、手术适应证、研究进展及相关并发症的防治进行讨论。     

直肠癌保肛术后肠道功能障碍研究进展

直肠癌手术理念和技术的进步,使得低位直肠癌保肛率明显提高,而肠道功能障碍是困扰保肛术后患者的主要问题。目前研究从解剖、生理及动力学角度分析排粪功能改变的机制,认为肠道功能障碍与术后解剖改变、神经损伤以及括约肌功能受损等密切相关。本文总结了直肠癌术后肠道功能障碍的流行病学和发生机制,并阐述术后肠道功能障碍发生机制对预防和治疗术后肠道功能障碍的重要意义。     

浆膜受侵的结直肠癌术后腹腔化疗联合静脉化疗的临床研究

目的探讨术后腹腔化疗联合静脉化疗与单纯静脉化疗对浆膜受侵的结直肠癌患者的I临床疗效。方法前瞻性非随机将332例浆膜受侵的结直肠癌根治术后患者分为联合化疗组（行腹腔化疗联合静脉化疗166例）和静脉化疗组（行单纯静脉化疗166例）,比较两组患者术后腹腔局部复发率、腹腔转移率、肝及其他远处转移率和患者3年、5年总体生存率。结果联合化疗组和静脉化疗组3年、5年总体生存率：ⅡB期两组病例比较,差异无统计学意义（X^2=0.612,P=0.434）;Ⅲ期病例两组比较,差异有统计学意义（X^2=3.989,P=0.046）。联合化疗组的腹腔局部复发率（1.9％）、腹腔转移率（3.8％）和肝转移率（3.8％）均显著低于静脉化疗组的8.2％、9.5％和10.1％（P〈0.05）,而两组其他远处（肺、骨、脑）转移率（5.1％比3.8％）比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。联合化疗组中,使用奥沙利铂组腹腔转移率和肝转移率（0.9％和0.9％）均显著低于使用顺铂组（8.8％和8.8％,P〈0.05）,两组局部复发率和远处转移率（0.9％和4.7％比3.5％和5.3％）比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论联合化疗可显著降低浆膜受侵的结直肠癌根治术后患者局部复发率、腹腔转移率与肝转移率,腹腔化疗中奥沙利铂在预防腹腔广泛转移和肝转移方面较顺铂效果更佳。