肺鳞癌治疗新靶点FGFR的研究进展

肺癌是目前全球发病率和死亡率均居前列的恶性肿瘤，其中肺鳞癌经手术、放化疗等综合治疗后，其疗效仍不满意。随着分子靶向治疗在肺腺癌中取得了令人瞩目的成果，而肺鳞癌患者中EGFR基因突变及ALK融合基因少见，急需探索新的靶点指导肺鳞癌患者的临床治疗。研究表明，FGFR家族（FGFR1-4）是肺鳞癌中突变频率较高的基因，FGFR基因的激活突变和扩增与肺鳞癌的发生和发展密切相关，同时许多小分子 FGFR 抑制剂在临床应用中已经取得较好的治疗效果。目前，许多FGFR抑制剂治疗肺鳞癌的临床试验也正在进行研究，针对FGFR靶点的基因治疗可为肺鳞癌的治疗提供一种新的策略。本文就FGFR在肺鳞癌的靶向治疗中的最新研究进展进行综述。     

产后产妇300例心理状态调查及应对措施

根据现代医学模式，健康的标准是躯体健康，心理健康和社会适应良好。妇女在妊娠期、分娩期和产褥期承受着躯体和精神上的巨大压力；产后由于身体的变化、社会角色的改变，对产妇的认知、情感、行为具有明显影响。焦虑是人们对环境中一些即将面临的，可能会造成危险和威胁的重大事件，或者要做出重大努力的情况中进行适应时，心理上出现紧张和一种不愉快的期待。探讨产后产妇的心理状态变化及其原因，采取有效的应对措施，以保证产妇的健康及至婴幼儿的健康成长。     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

诺和锐胰岛素治疗儿童1型糖尿病的临床观察

目的:观察诺和锐胰岛素治疗儿童1型糖尿病的疗效。方法:对10例应用诺和灵短效胰岛素联合诺和灵中效胰岛素治疗的1型糖尿病患儿以超短效胰岛素诺和锐等量替代短效胰岛素联合诺和灵中效胰岛素治疗1个月,观察HbA1c等代谢指标变化。结果:用诺和锐治疗后患儿餐后2 h血糖、HbA1c显著下降,P<0．01,平均下降值分别为3．51±1．10 mmol／L与0．64％±0．19％。胰岛素用量与血脂无明显变化,P>0．05。治疗期间未发现明显低血糖。结论:超短效胰岛素诺和锐替代短效胰岛素可进一步控制餐后血糖．并显著降低HbA1c,有利于血糖控制。     

护理教育课程设置的思考

在科学技术日益发展和社会进步的今天,结合临床护理工作中临床护士的知识结构和教育背景,探讨当今护士急需掌握的知识,以便在护理教育过程中对课程设置的内容进行相应改革,以适应日益发展的社会需要.     

兔失血性休克及缺血──再灌流后血浆TXA_2与PGI_2含量的变化

复制失血性休克模型，采集休克前后及缺血──再灌流后颈动脉血液样本，利用放射免疫方法，测定血浆ＴＸＢ２和６—ｋｅｔｏ—ＰＧＦ１α含量变化。结果显示休克以及再灌后血浆ＴＸＢ２和６—ｋｅｔｏ—ＰＧＦ（１α）明显高于休克前水平（Ｐ＜０．０１或Ｐ＜０．０５），但再灌期与休克期相比，无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），ＴＸＢ２／６—ｋｅｔｏ—ＰＧＦ（１α）比值于休克及再灌后下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），但再灌期与休克期相比无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。将休克前后、休克与再灌后血浆ＴＸＢ２和６—ｋｅｔｏ—ＰＧＦ１α的变化进行分析，两者无相关性（分别为ｒ＝０．１６６６和ｒ＝—０．４４０９）。本研究表明，单纯的输血输液不能明显地改善休克状态。至于休克及再灌后ＰＧＩ２变化的机理及其在休克中的作用，值得重新认识和深入探讨。     

253 ICU护士人数与病人转归成正比

对美国马里兰州各医院 ICU病人转归的两个最新研究结果表明 :ICU护士较少与术后并发症的风险增加相关。第一个研究分析了 2 6 0 6名患者的资料 ,这些患者曾于1994～ 1996年间接受腹主动脉手术。研究者将日间护士与病人比率为 1∶ 1或 1∶ 2者 ,定为 ICU护士较多 ;将 1∶ 3或更少者 ,定为ICU护士较少。研究者还将医院特征 (在研究期间的病床数和主动脉手术量比 )、病人特征 (年龄、性别和种族 )、伴随疾病及病情严重程度等协变因素考虑进去。结果有 7所医院的 4 78名病人 ICU护士配备的较少 ,而另外 31所医院的 2 12 8名病人 ICU护士…