经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

江苏省城乡居民心血管病高危人群流行病学特征及聚集性分析

目的了解江苏省城乡居民心血管病高危人群流行病学特征及聚集性,为全省心血管病防治策略提供科学依据。方法在全省选取6个县(区),于2015—2017年进行心血管病高危人群筛查,分析不同特征人群心血管病高危特征及聚集性。结果共筛查83 530人,检出心血管病高危对象21 362例,检出率为25.57%,其中男性、年龄较大者、农村、高中以下文化者、农民、家庭年收入<5万者检出率较高(P值均<0.001)。从不同类型看,血压高型检出率最高(19.24%),其他依次为患病风险≥20%型(5.77%)、血脂异常型(5.32%)和心血管病史型(3.29%);1、2、3、4种高危类型构成比分别为72.19%、24.31%、3.31%、0.19%,不同特征人群高危类型检出率和高危类型聚集性分布差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论江苏省心血管病高危人群检出率较高,且高危类型呈聚集性,应采取综合干预措施,以减少居民心血管病发病风险。     

70岁以上老年人肺癌45例的外科治疗

1995年5月-2005年5月，作者共手术治疗70岁以上原发性肺癌患者45例，取得了良好的效果，现报告如下。     

电击致死者心脏的组织病理学观察

随着电及电器设备的广泛应用,电击致死的事故时有发生。电流对人体各种组织器官的损害机制和方式也不尽相同,对人体的危害也不相同。电流对心脏的损害是致人死亡的一个非常重要的因素,它所造成的心脏在形态学上的改变,是心脏生理功能改变的基础,本文仅对电击致死者心脏的组织病理学改变进行阐述。1材料和方法本组5例电击致死者均较年轻,平均年龄33.5岁,均无其他心脏疾病,因电击致死进行尸体解剖,先对心脏进行大体检察,然后将心脏用40 g/L多聚甲醛固定2周后取材,常规石蜡切片,HE染色,显微镜观察,与正常心脏的组织病理学切片进行对比。2结果…     

运动强度和方式对老年糖尿病患者疗效的影响

饮食治疗和运动康复是糖尿病的最基本的治疗方法,而老年人随年龄增长运动量相应减少,故为老年糖尿病患者进行恰如其分的运动指导尤为重要,而指导患者选择适合的运动强度和方式是老年患者实施运动疗法的关键。     

Colles骨折手法复位的治疗体会

Colles骨折是指桡骨下端2～3cm以内、骨折远端向背及桡侧移位的骨折.本院门诊于1994年1月至2005年4月共诊治Colles骨折240例,其中40例关节内骨折,经闭合复位后,关节面的移位仍大于2mm者,收住院手术治疗;门诊复位满意的200例患者中186例获得随访,总结如下.     

求助者对心理咨询与治疗设置的认知与态度

心理咨询与心理治疗是一种在特殊场景里进行的专业化的助人活动，这种特殊的场景是通过对咨询时间、咨询的地点和机构、以及咨询者和求助者之间发展的特殊关系的进行规范设置来完成的。因此，调查求助者对心理咨询与心理治疗设置的认知状况及态度，对于心理咨询与心理治疗的规范化和本士化具有重要的意义。     

心钠素对心肌血管钙超载的影响

提要本研究是在大鼠VD_3+Nicotine引起的心血管钙超载模型上观察心钠素(ANF)治疗(10ug ·kg~-1/d),对钙超载的影响。结果发现,钙超载组动物主动脉、心肌组织钙含量较对照组分别增高24倍(54.4±2.2vs 2.3±0.04fumol/gww)和9倍(16.9±2.1vs1.8±0.1umol/gww)。ANF治疗能显著抑制钙超载的发生,主动脉和心肌组织钙含量较钙超载组分别降低92％(3.8±0.4 umol/gww)和66％(5.6±0.6umol/gww)。离体滋流的钙超载血管环较对照组对去甲肾上腺素收缩反应增强;对乙酰胆碱舒张反应减弱,对硝普钠舒张反应无影响。ANF能显著改善钙超载所致的血管反应性障碍。实验结果表明,ANF具有显著的防治心血管钙超载的作用。