在抗击“非典”中有这样一支队伍

对来势汹汹的非典,人们要抗击,要了解,北京的市民每天都收听收看当天的疫情报告,但是这些疫情统计数字从哪里来? 当一个非典病人住院以后,他(她)住院前与谁接触过,对其密切接触者施行怎样的管理才能既不引起恐慌,又能避免非典的进一步传播，这一工作由谁来做?非典是一种新的疾病，又来势迅猛，市民为了保护自己、孩防非典，有很多问题要咨询，这些问题由谁来解答?有这样一支特殊的队伍，他们同医护人员一样战斗在第一线，而他们的贡献却鲜为人知，这就是首都人民的健康卫士——北京市疾病预防控制中心的疾病预防控制工作者们。     

Hyperoxia-induced apoptosis of AEC Ⅱ in premature rats by inhibiting expression of focal adhesion kinase

Objective To explore the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in hyperoxia-apopto- sis of type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells (AEC Ⅱ s) of premature rats. Methods AEC Ⅱ from prema- ture rat lungs were cultured and randomly assigned to air group and hyperoxia group. After exposed to hyperoxia for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, apoptosis rate of AEC Ⅱ were analyzed by flow cytometry with an- nexin-Ⅴ/propidium iodine (PI) double staining. FAK mRNA and FAK and fAK-Tyr397 peptide were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results Positive cells of Annexin-Ⅴ+ / PI- in AEC Ⅱ after 6,12,24 and 48 h of hyperoxia exposure were significantly decreased, and the maximal apoptosis rate of AEC Ⅱ (stained of Annexin-Ⅴ+ / PI- ) was found in the hyperoxia group at 12 h (23.83%±4.43%). Compared to the air group, the expression of FAK mRNA and of FAK de- creased markedly and progressively in hyperoxia groups at 12, 24 and 48 h(P<0. 05). Conclusions Decreased expression of FAK induced by hyperoxia is likely to contribute to the apoptosis and neco-z sis of AEC Ⅱ.     

早产大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞与成纤维细胞共培养模型的建立

目的建立早产大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞(AECⅡ)与肺成纤维细胞(LF)共培养模型,为研究肺发育和肺损伤时AECⅡ和LF的相互作用提供实验基础。方法分离、纯化胎鼠AECⅡ和LF,通过插入式培养皿和培养板来构建AECⅡ-LF共培养模型。AECⅡ以5×105／mL的密度接种到6孔板中,LF以1×106／mL的密度接种到PCF插入式Millicell培养皿中,以6孔板中不放入套皿单独培养的AECⅡ为对照。用倒置显微镜观察AECⅡ形态和基本生长情况,台盼蓝染色了解细胞成活情况,免疫细胞化学染色法检测AECⅡ Ki67表达。结果早产大鼠AECⅡ和LF共培养模型成功构建。共培养2 d与单独培养2 d相比,AECⅡ的形态、活力和增殖无明显差异。共培养4 d,AECⅡ仍可保持其细胞形态,细胞数目、细胞活力;AECⅡ Ki67表达较单独培养4d 明显增加。结论体外构建的早产大鼠AECⅡ与LF共培养模型,部分模拟了体内微环境。AECⅡ和LF共培养体系有利于保持 AECⅡ的增殖和分化功能,可用于体外研究肺发育和肺损伤时AECⅡ和LF的相互作用。     

肺透明膜病早产儿尸检肺组织肺表面活性蛋白-C及Ki67的表达

Objective To determine the expression of surfactant protein-c (SP-C) and Ki67 in autopsy lung tissues of premature infants died of hyaline membrane disease (HMD) who were exposed to mechanical ventilation and high oxygen concentrations/pulmonary surfactant (PS). The possible influence of surfactant on the expression of SP-C and Ki67 was also investigated. Methods Thirty preterm infants diagnosed as HMD by clinical data and pathology were selected. Mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen (FiO2 0.6-1.0) were given to these infants within 6 hours after birth. According to the duration of ventilation at high oxygen concentrations, all subjects were diveded into four groups: ventilation for 1-3 days, 4-8 days, 9-16 days and >16 days. Five premature infants died within 1 day after delivery for none pulmonary reasons served as controls. The expression of SP-C and Ki67 in lungs were detected by immunobistochemistry. Results The pulmonary pathology in these HMD infants at different phases was consisitent with the main features of different stages during the progress from HMD towards bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The positive staining of SP-C was restricted to type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells, and Ki67 positive were preferentially localized in nuclei of alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial cells and fihroblasts. Compared with the control group, the expression of SP-C and Ki67 in HMD infants decreased significantly after 1-3 days of ventialation, but increased after 4 days and reached the peak value after 9-16 days. The expression of SP-C and Ki67 in control group, 1-3 days and 9-16 days of ventialation were 0. 1891±0. 0253, 0. 1576±0. 0327 and 0. 2271±0. 0238 for SP-C and 0. 2297±0. 0380, 0.1929±0. 0403 and 0. 2849±0. 0368 for Ki67, respectively. No significant difference in the expression of SP-C and Ki67 was found between infants treated with PS and those without (P>0.05). Conclusions SP-C and Ki67 may have participated in the pulmonary pathological process in ventilated/oxygen treated preterm infants with HMD, and exogenous surfactant had no effect on the expression of SP-C and Ki67.     

高浓度氧对早产鼠Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响

目的探讨高浓度氧（简称高氧）对早产鼠Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞（AECⅡ）增殖和细胞周期的影响。方法原代培养早产大鼠AECⅡ，建立高氧细胞损伤模型。血球计数板计数法对培养细胞计数，台盼蓝拒染法检测细胞活力，流式细胞术检测细胞周期和Ki67表达。结果空气组AECⅡ在培养后其数目不断增加，高氧组给氧后48和72h，细胞数目减少、细胞活力降低。高氧使G0／G1期细胞比例显著增多，S和G2／M期细胞比例明显减少。高氧组给氧后24、48及72h，Ki67阳性细胞的表达率及荧光指数较同时间点空气组均明显降低（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论原代培养的早产大鼠AECⅡ暴露在高氧环境中发生G1期阻滞，Ki67表达减少，细胞增殖受抑，这种增殖受抑与早产儿慢性肺损伤的发生密切相关。     

2011-2019年北京市HIV抗体检测及病例发现情况分析

目的 了解2011-2019年北京市艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体检测及阳性病例检出情况,为制定更有效的艾滋病(AIDS)检测策略提供依据.方法 下载"艾滋病综合防治信息系统"北京市2011-2019年HIV检测数据和病例报告卡片,进行描述性统计分析和x2检验.结果 北京市HIV抗体检测从2011年的2 623 473人次逐...     

支气管肺发育不良与肺功能检测

支气管肺发育不良(bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD)作为小胎龄早产儿的常见并发症,不仅造成了临床上的救治困难,也增加了这些早产儿罹患呼吸系统疾病的可能性。运用儿童肺功能检测技术观察BPD早产儿肺功能特点,可为临床治疗提供参考。本文对BPD患儿肺发育特点、肺功能特点及通过肺功能测试指标预测BPD等方面进行综述。     

北京市人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者和艾滋病患者流感及流感疫苗知识态度行为现况调查

目的 研究北京市人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)感染者和艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS)患者关于流感及流感疫苗的知识、态度和行为现况及其影响因素。方法 依托北京市的艾滋病咨询检测门诊和定点治疗机构,采用方便抽样的方法对2021年4月—12月通过首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院和地坛医院的HIV感染者/AIDS患者进行问卷调查。采用χ²检验、秩和检验和二元logistic回归模型分析HIV感染者/AIDS患者流感相关知识、态度、行为的差异及其影响因素。结果 共回收来自HIV感染者/AIDS患者的问卷525例,其中有效问卷521份(99.24%)。调查对象流感相关知识知晓率72.02%(3 752/5 210),高中或中专及以上文化程度、性取向为同性或异性、当前月收入在10 000～20 000元的调查对象流感相关知识水平更高;正向态度持有率55.09%(1 722/3 126),近3年有其他疫苗接种史、流感相关知识水平较高的人群流感相关态度水平更好;正向行为形...     

北京市城郊两区娱乐服务场所暗娼艾滋病相关危险行为调查分析

目的了解北京市城郊两个区娱乐服务场所的暗娼艾滋病相关危险行为现状,评估暗娼感染艾滋病的风险,为在暗娼中开展行为干预提供科学依据。方法采用方便抽样方法对娱乐场所进行抽样,对场所内暗娼进行面对面问卷调查及采血检测。结果调查341名暗娼,最近一周商业性伴数中位数为3人。最近一次与商业性伴和固定性伴发生性关系时,使用安全套的比例分别为72.9%和49.3%;最近一月与商业性伴和固定性伴每次都用安全套的比例分别为44.1%和26.7%。城区暗娼商业性伴数高于郊区,最近一次与商业性伴使用安全套的比例和最近一月与商业性伴每次都用安全套的比例,均小于郊区。2.9%的暗娼吸毒。最近一年出现性病相关症状的比例为41.1%,其中到正规医院就诊的占75.7%。无一例感染艾滋病,梅毒快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验和梅毒螺旋体抗体阳性检出率分别为1.17%和12.1%。结论北京市城郊两区娱乐服务场所暗娼中存在引起艾滋病感染和流行的危险行为因素,且城区暗娼感染艾滋病的风险高于郊区。提示应加强娱乐服务场所的艾滋病干预工作,尤其是应把城区作为干预工作的重点。     

男男性行为人群HIV感染者/AIDS病人耻辱感的影响因素

目的了解北京市男男性行为人群(MSM)艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人耻辱感现状,分析影响因素,探索降低耻辱感的科学方法。方法通过方便抽样选取262名MSM人群HIV感染者/AIDS病人,进行一般情况和耻辱感的问卷调查。结果耻辱量表四个维度得分分别为个人耻辱(53.22±8.13)分、担心公开(33.20±3.73)分、负面自我形象(35.84±6.40)分、关注公众态度(61.31±8.44)分。耻辱感随着感染情况告知家人、好友的人数增多而降低(P<0.05),在婚者的耻辱感低于离异/丧偶者。结论如何获得家人和周围好友的情感支持,是降低HIV感染者/AIDS病人耻辱感的关键因素。