CVVH疗法对全身炎症反应综合征及脓毒血症患者内皮功能损伤标志物的影响

目的初步探讨连续血液净化疗法CBP（continuous blood purification）对全身炎症反应综合症（SIRS）及脓毒血症（SepsiS）患者内皮功能损伤标志物的影响。方法选择复旦大学附属华山医院肾内科15例SIRS或伴Sepsis患者，分别留取CVVH（continuous venous—venous homofiitrtion，连续静脉静脉血液滤过）治疗前后的血浆，直接检测血栓调节蛋白（sTM，soluble thrombomodulin）、E-选择素、细胞间黏附分子-1（SICAM-1，soluble intercellul aradhesion molecule-1）浓度。APACHⅡ评分评价临床疗效。结果临床转归：8名SIRS组患者，CVVH治疗后第4天APACHⅡ评分较治疗前显著改善（P〈0．01），而7名Sepsis组患者的APACHII评分更加恶化。SIRS组患者血浆sTM、SICAM-1、sE-选择素浓度显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）；SepsiS组患者血浆sTM、SICAM-1、sE-选择素浓度显著高于正常对照和SIRS组（P〈0．01）；CVVH治疗后1周，SIRS组患者sTM、sE-选择素较治疗前明显降低（P〈0．05），而Sepsis组患者无明显降低（P〉0．05）。结论SIRS／Sepsis患者内皮细胞存在明显的激活和损伤，CVVH治疗能部分改善SIRS患者内皮细胞功能，而对Sepsis患者效果不佳。     

连续性肾脏替代治疗时枸橼酸药物代谢动力学数学模型的构建

Objective To establish a citrate pharmacokinetics model which is applied to evaluate the risk of citrate accumulation in patients with liver dysfunction in the continuous renal replacement treatment (CRRT) with regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA). Methods The source of citrate for extracorporeal anticoagulation, the body clearance and filter elimination of citrate, which were the three major citrate fluxes of systemic citrate level, were combined into a single-pool, first order kinetic equation. The data from a published clinical study of systemic citrate kinetics in the intensive care unit patients with or without liver cirrhosis were adapted and the citrate kinetic equation was applied to predict the risk of systemic citrate accumulation in patients with normal, impaired and absent liver clearance while different RCA-CRRT protocols were carried out. Results The single pool, first order citrate kinetic modeling equation was as follows:Csys=C(0)·e-[(clb+clf)·t/V]+G/CLb+CLf×(1-e-[(clb+clf)·t/V])There was excellent agreement between published citrate measurements and our predictions. Kinetic modeling showed that the plasma citrate concentration of patients with normal citrate body clearance was no more than 1 mmol/L during common RCA-CRRT. The model predicted that when the single pass fractional extraction of citrate on the artificial kidney was above 66％, systemic steady citrate concentration would be among the safe range even in patients of impaired body metabolism of citrate.Conclusions The citrate kinetic model of RCA-CRRT can predict the risk of systemic citrate accumulation and provide the basis for designing the safe RCA-protocols for the patients with impaired body clearance of citrate.     

大型综合医院提高病历回归率的策略

目的探讨出院病历回归不及时的原因,提出策略提高病历回归率。方法通过回顾分析某院近半年病历回归情况,分析病历回归不及时的后果及具体原因,提出相关策略。结果该院出院病历回归率由整改前的67．1％提高到整改后的97．3％,差异有统计学意义,病历回归不及时的原因是多方面的,包括医护人员对病历管理意识不强,主观强调临床工作繁忙,惩罚措施执行力不够。结论从建立病案管理制度出发,到制度的贯彻实施,再进行评价反馈与督促持续改进的策略可行性较强,在一定范围内具有借鉴意义。     

理论信息学的发展现状

在当今社会,信息技术高速发展,许多传统的学科纷纷接受信息化,衍生出医学信息学等领域信息学.领域信息学的发展,"国家信息化"以及社会转型的提出催生了理论信息学.本文主要介绍了理论信息学的产生过程及其国内外发展现状,并提出理论信息学的发展需要改变以往的物理学科学范式,转向信息学科学范式.     

信息科学研究范式的构建及其对中医学的启示

信息科学研究对象和研究内容最核心的特点是"涌现性",与传统物质系统的"还原论"有着显著性差别,因而有必要时传统的物理学范式进行改进,构建符合信息时代特征的信息科学范式.本文对信息科学进行了界定,详细论述了构建信息科学范式的重要意义以及信息科学范式的整体架构,并阐述了信息科学研究范式对中医学的指导意义.     

低蛋白饮食对3/4期慢性肾脏病患者肾功能及营养状况的影响

Objective To assess the influences of low-protein diet on the renal function and nutritional status in patients with stage 3/4 chronic kidney diseases (CKD).Methods Totally 34 patients with stage 3/4 CKD were randomly divided into group A (protein intake:0.6 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1);n=14) and B (protein intake:0.8 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1);n=20).Anthropometric measurement and blood biochemical tests were performed,nutri-tional status was assessed,and 24-hour dietary recall survey was conducted before and after the treatment.Patients were followed up for 6 months.Results In group A,the creatinine level significantly decreased (P=0.010),while albumin level (P=0.042) and the intake of energy (P=0.018) and carbohydrate (P<0.001) signifi-cantly increased after the treatment In all the 34 patients,in group A and group B,the malnutrition rates were de-creased by 14.7%,7.2%,and 21.1% after nutritional intervention.Conclusion The low-protein diet (protein intake 0.6 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),in which part of the staple food was replaced by wheat starch,can increase the in-takes of carbohydrate and energy and improve renal function and nutritional status in patients with stage 3/4 CKD.     

美国AP-DRGs对我国建立DRGs模型的启示

通过分析美国AP-DRGs对几个常见分组问题的解决方案,为建立更合理的DRGs分组模型提供研究思路.分析后认为,对于局部肿瘤和先天性疾病的归类,应根据疾病的实际发生部位把病例归入现有的25个主要诊断分类中,建立分组时应根据疾病或手术的特点采用合适的疾病或手术划分方法与并发症判断标准,DRGs分组的数量应限制在1500个以下.总之,可通过借鉴国外的DRGs模型,分析我国现有DRGs模型的问题,并找出解决问题的办法,从而开发出更合理有效的DRGs分组模型.     

关于结肠息肉的 ICD-9-CM-3 手术分类

临床上根据结肠息肉的部位、性质、大小、多少以及有无癌变的倾向,通常采取4类手术方式,分别是结肠息肉内镜下摘除术、经腹结肠息肉切除术、结肠部分切除术和结肠全部切除术,其手术编码均有所不同。编码员要熟练掌握相关的编码原则和方法,翻阅病案,结合病理,才能做到编码的准确。     

常用DRGs模型的评价方法

目的 为改良现有的DRGs模型评价方法提供参考依据.方法 分析目前常用DRGs模型的评价方法的不足,提出合理建议.结果 现有的评价方法不应通过住院费用的算术均数和标准差计算RIV和CV,同时也没有考虑分组模型中DRGs组的数量对分组效果的影响,不能从多个经检验均成立的DRGs模型中选出最优的模型.结论 建议采用适用于偏态分布的指标对组间差异性和组内一致性进行评价,应综合其他客观指标和主观指标对DRGs模型分组效果进行评价,并进一步研究从多个分组模型中选出最优模型的方法.     

歧义病案产生的影响因素分析

目的 分析歧义病案产生的影响因素,为医院开展相关DRGs管理提供决策依据.方法 回顾性调查2019年1月1日-2019年12月31日广州市某三甲医院45856份手术病案,利用国家版DRGs分组器筛查出518份歧义病案.采用单因素卡方检验及多因素Logistic回归分析歧义病案产生的影响因素.结果 45856份手术患者住...