环节教学在预防医学专业创新教育中的实践

为适应21世纪综合型公共卫生人才的需求,预防医学教育教学应顺应需求进行适当的教学改革。在预防医学专业不同教学环节中,教师首先应改革传统教学思维,创新教育理念,实现"素养教育"培养出"创新型"医学生的思想转变;在实践过程中,针对不同教学环节,根据教学内容结合多种教学模式,对学生进行思维和能力的培养。通过形式多样的理论环节教学夯实学生基础理论,培养其批判思维;通过不同类型的实验课,培养学生创新意识;通过毕业实习的具体实践,培养学生实现创新意识向创新能力转变;并在考核形式上给予学生较客观的评价。具备了创新意识和实践能力的预防医学生,才能够胜任疾病预防控制、卫生保健和健康促进工作。     

瓜蒌皮药材鉴别要点

瓜蒌皮药材常切成二至数瓣,边缘向内卷曲,长6~12(15)cm,外表面橙红色至橙黄色,可见斑块及细脉纹,皱缩,有的可见残存果柄;内表面黄白色。质脆,易折断。具焦糖气,味淡,微甜。     

Transplantation of an eight-organ multivisceraI graft in a patient with frozen abdomen after complicated Crohn's disease

To report an extended multivisceral transplantation (MVTx) including right kidney and ascending colon in a patient with complicated Crohn's disease (CD). A 36-year old female suffering from short bowel syndrome and frozen abdomen due to fistulizing CD after multiple abdominal operations underwent MVTx of eight organs including stomach, pancreatoduodenal complex, liver, intestine, ascending colon, right kidney, right adrenal gland, and greater omentum in November 2003. Immunosuppression consisted of alemtuzumab, tacrolimus and steroids. The patient was off parenteral nutrition by postoperative wk 3. She experienced one episode of pneumonia. The patient recovered completely and discharged 2.5 mo and was doing well 30 mo after MVTx. This is one of the very rare cases in which a complete mulitivisceral graft of eight abdominal organs was transplanted orthotopically.     

Ligustrazine inhibits high voltage-gated Ca~(2+) and TTX-resistant Na~+ channels of primary sensory neuron and thermal nociception in the rat:a study on peripheral mechanism

Objective Ligustrazine, also named as tetramethylpyrazine, is a compound purified from Ligusticum chuanxiong hort and has ever been testified to be a calcium antagonist. The present investigation was to determine the antinoci-ceptive effect of ligustrazine and, if any, the peripheral ionic mechanism involved. Methods Paw withdrawal Latency ( PWL) to noxious heating was measured in vivo and whole-cell patch recording was performed on small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Results Intraplantar injection of ligustrazine (0.5 mg in 25μl) significantly prolonged the withdrawal latency of ipsilateral hindpaw to noxious heating in the rat. Ligustrazine not only reversibly inhibited high-voltage gated calcium current of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron in dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 1.89 mmol/L, but also decreased tetrodotoxin (TTX) -resistant sodium current in relatively selective and dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 2.49 mmol/L. Conclusion The results suggested that ligustrazine could elevate the threshold of thermal nociception through inhibiting the high-voltage gated calcium current and TTX-resistant sodium current of DRG neuron in the rat.     

恶性血液病医院感染原因分析及预防护理

恶性血液病病人由于应用化疗药物及免疫抑制剂，使机体免疫功能低下，易并发院内感染。严重感染是引起病人死亡的主要原因之一。我院血液科于2003年10月-2006年2月共收治恶性血液病人108例。通过加强护理，有效预防感染的发生．取得满意的效果。现将预防护理体会总结如下。     

40岁以上多发子宫肌瘤手术治疗指征的变迁

近15年来到我院就医的40岁以上多发子宫肌瘤患者1434例，现就行子宫切除术及子宫肌瘤核出术的情况分析如下。 1 临床资料 查阅1990年1月1日至2004年12月31日在我院住院，经手术治疗的40岁以上多发子宫肌瘤患者，无其他合并症及并发症，每连续5年为一组。     

Poly-lactic acid and agarose gelatin play an active role in the recovery of spinal cord injury

Objective To investigate the role of poly-lactic acid and agarose gelatin in promoting the functional recovery of the injured spinal cord. Methods Poly-lactic acid ( PLA) or agarose was embedded in the space between two stumps of the hemisectioned spinal cord. Immunohistochemistry was used to show astroglia proliferation and the infiltration of RhoA-positive cells. Locomotor activity recovery was evaluated by testing the function of hindlimbs. Results Astrogli-as and RhoA labeled non-neuronal cells accumulated in the area adjacent to the implant, while the number of RhoA-positive cells was decreased dramatically in the absence of implant. Animals implanted with agarose gelatin recovered more quickly than those with PLA, concomitant with a higher survival rate of the neurons. Conclusion Both PLA and agarose gelatin benefited the recovery of spinal cord after injury by providing a scaffold for astroglia processes. Modulation of the rigidity, pore size and inner structure of PLA and agarose gelatin might make these biodegradable materials more effective in the regeneration of the central nervous system (CNS).     

B—Lvnch（子宫）外科缝扎术成功制止产后出血3例

产后出血是指胎儿娩出后24小时内失血量超过500ml，是分娩期严重并发症，居导致我国产妇死亡原因的首位，其发病率占分娩总数的2％-3％，经积极抢救无效，危及产妇生命时，应进行子宫次全切或子宫全切术，以挽救生命。在考虑行子宫切除术前，先选择此术可免除部分病例切除子宫而保留生育功能，现将我站遇到的3例剖宫产术中产后出血，采用B—Lvneh外科缝扎术成功制止产后出血病例报告如下。     

N-Phenylethyl Amitriptyline in Rat Sciatic Nerve Blockade

Background: The antidepressant amitriptyline is commonly used orally for the treatment of chronic pain, particularly neuropathic pain, which is thought to be caused by high-frequency ectopic discharge. Among its many properties, amitriptyline is a potent Na+ channel blocker in vitro, has local anesthetic properties in vivo, and confers additional blockade at high stimulus-discharge rates (use-dependent blockade). As with other drug modifications, adding a phenylethyl group to obtain a permanently charged quaternary ammonium derivative may improve these advantageous properties.

Methods: The electrophysiologic properties of N-phenylethyl amitriptyline were assessed in cultured neuronal GH3 cells with the whole cell mode of the patch clamp technique, and the therapeutic range and toxicity were evaluated in the rat sciatic nerve model.

Results: In vitro, N-phenylethyl amitriptyline at 10 [mu]m elicits a greater block of Na+ channels than amitriptyline (resting block of approximately 90%vs. approximately 15%). This derivative also retains the attribute of amitriptyline in evoking high-degree use-dependent blockade during repetitive pulses. In vivo, duration to full recovery of nociception in the sciatic nerve model was 1,932 +/- 72 min for N-phenylethyl amitriptyline at 2.5 mm (n = 7) versus 72 +/- 3 min for lidocaine at 37 mm (n = 4; mean +/- SEM). However, there was evidence of neurotoxicity at 5 mm.