基于CiteSpace可视化分析代谢组学在中医药领域的研究现状及趋势＊

目的 应用可视化方法分析代谢组学在中医药领域的现状及趋势。方法 检索中国知网数据库（CNKI）和Web of Science 核心合集数据库2021年3月15日之前收录的中医药领域代谢组学研究的相关文献，应用CiteSpace软件对纳入的文献进行关键词、作者、研究机构等内容进行可视化分析。结果 共纳入中文文献247篇，英文文献350篇。文献数量在波动中迅速上升。中、英文文献作者合作网络显示，张爱华是中医药领域代谢组学研究发文量最多的作者，并形成了核心研究团队。发文机构显示，中国医学科学院是该领域的重要研究机构，机构间合作紧密。中、英文文献关键词分析显示，研究内容主要集中在核磁共振、代谢标记物、冠心病、质谱技术、代谢通路等相关领域。结论 中医药领域代谢组学研究的热点主要为中医药治疗代谢性疾病的机制研究。研究趋势为卵泡代谢组学研究及中药有效成分的研究。     

GB 15981—2021《消毒器械灭菌效果评价方法》标准解读

摘要 GB 15981—2021《消毒器械灭菌效果评价方法》代替GB 15981—1995《消毒与灭菌效果的评价方法与标准》，由国家市场监督管理总局、国家标准化委员会于2021年12月31日发布，2022年7月1日起实施。标准规定了灭菌器灭菌效果鉴定试验的试验器材、试验步骤、评价规定及注意事项。为配合该标准的宣贯实施，本文对修订背景、起草原则、主要技术指标的制修订依据等进行解读。     

榄香烯联合中频交变微电流抑制胶质瘤U251细胞增殖

目的探索榄香烯联合中频交变微电流对胶质瘤U251细胞活力、凋亡和周期的影响。方法中频交变微电流作用胶质瘤U251细胞,筛选最佳作用参数;运用CCK-8法分析榄香烯不同药物浓度对U251细胞活力的影响;将U251细胞分为对照组、中频交变微电流组(50 kHz、150 mA、30 min)、榄香烯组(IC_(50):235μmol/L)、中频交变微电流与榄香烯联合组,连续作用3天后,观察细胞形态,利用CCK-8、流式细胞术分析中频交变微电流、榄香烯对胶质瘤U251细胞活力、凋亡和周期的影响。结果中频交变微电流的最佳作用参数为:50 kHz、150 mA、30 min,榄香烯的IC_(50)为235μmol/L;与对照组比较,中频交变微电流组、榄香烯组、联合组细胞存活率降低,分别为[(86.5±0.3)%、(51.7±2.3)%、(36.2±1.0)%,P0.05]。中频交变微电流组、榄香烯组、联合组的凋亡率分别为(17.2±2.7)%、(47.5±2.2)%、(68.5±1.7)%,均高于对照组[(4.4±1.2)%,P0.05];中频交变微电流组、联合组均将细胞阻滞于G_2/M期。结论榄香烯联合中频交变微电流可抑制U251细胞的活力、促进细胞凋亡、改变细胞周期,能够协同抗肿瘤。     

老年护理人才培养现状调查及对策研究

目的:分析老年护理人才培养的现状,探讨存在的问题,并提供针对性的意见和建议。方法:采用描述性研究方法,自设问卷选取2所本科院校和2所高职院校的护理学院或护理系老年护理方向的学生、专职教师、管理人员及部分用人单位进行调查分析。结果:对各被调查人群组老年护理人才培养重点层次进行比较,不同调查人群组老年护理人才培养重点层次不同,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);对各调查人群组临床见习起始学期的比较,不同调查人群组见习起始学期认同比例不同,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);对各调查人群组临床实习起始学期的比较,不同调查人群组临床实习起始学期认同比例不同,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:老年护理人才培养应该高职院校和本科院校齐头并进,同时老年护理人才的课程设置模式、实践体系建设依然处于探索阶段,需要对接社会需求来设置老年护理人才培养模式,提升老年护理方向学生的就业率。     

Effects of the Clearing the Lung and Dissipating Phlegm Method in the Treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the clearing the lung and dissipating phlegm method in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and to provide evidence for the treatment of the disease. Materials and Methods: Literature was searched from the United States National Library of Medicine(PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database(Wanfang), and the Full?Text Database of Chinese Scientific and Technical Periodicals(VIP).A comprehensive collection was made of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) before June 2018, in which the treatment groups used either the clearing the lung and dissipating phlegm formulas only or combined it with routine Western medicine therapy, and the control group adopted routine Western medicine therapy only for the acute exacerbation of COPD. The Cochrane risk of bias method was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. The data were analyzed and retrieved independently by two reviewers before meta?analysis was carried out with RevMan 5.3 software to evaluate the primary outcome measures, including the total clinical effective rate, and the secondary outcome measures such as the pulmonary function(forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in the 1 s [FEV1], percentage of FEV1 [FEV1%], and FEV1/FVC)and blood gases(PaO_2 and PaCo_2). Results: A total of 13 RCTs involving 990 patients(496 in the treatment group and 494 in the control group)were included in this study. Meta?analysis revealed significant difference in the efficacy of the group that adopted solely the routine Western medicine method and the group that combined the Western medicine with the clearing the lung and dissipating phlegm method. Outcome measures including the pulmonary function(FVC, FEV1, FEV1%, and FEV1/FVC) and the blood gases(PaO_2 and PaCo_2) were significantly improved as compared to the control group(P 0.00001). However, adverse effects in the treatment group using combined traditional Chinese medicine were not reported due to the short observation time of the study. Conclusion: The clearing the lung and dissipating phlegm method can improve the efficacy in the treatment of acute exacerbation of COPD, the outcome measures of the pulmonary function and the blood gases,as well as the life quality of the patients. However, due to the fact that the existing studies are generally of poor quality in which randomization and its implementation were not properly carried out, more high?quality RCTs are necessary to confirm the findings of this study.     

Simultaneous Determination of Six Compounds in Rat Plasma by Ultra‑Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Application in the Pharmacokinetic Study of Qing Gan‑Shu Yu‑Fang

A rapid and high selective ultra?performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of six compounds including albiflorin, paeoniflorin, picroside I, picroside II, saikosaponin A, and saikosaponin D in rat plasma was developed and validated using butyl p-hydroxybenzoate as an internal standard. One-step direct protein precipitation with acetonitrile was used to extract the compounds from the rat plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min, using gradient mode containing 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile were used as the Mobile phase A and B. Electrospray ionization in negative ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring were used to identify and quantify active components. Calibration curves showed good linearity (R2 > 0.9908) over a wide concentration range for all compounds. The intra- and interday precision (relative standard deviation) ranged 2.4%–7.0% and 2.6%–8.0%, respectively. The accuracy (relative error) was from ?13.0% to 13.2% at all quality control levels. The recovery ranged from 81.1% to 92.5%. The validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study in rats after oral administration of Qing Gan?Shu Yu?Fang. The results show that one can draw a conclusion that these six active ingredients can be quickly absorbed and play a pharmacodynamic role rapidly in vivo.     

Masquelet技术结合股前外侧分叶皮瓣修复手掌贯通伤伴复合组织缺损15例

目的 探讨应用Masquelet技术结合游离股前外侧分叶皮瓣修复手掌贯通伤伴复合组织缺损的疗效.方法 2014年1月至2017年1月,收治手掌贯通伤伴复合组织缺损15例,均为男性,年龄20 ~45岁,软组织缺损面积2.0 cm×2.0 cm^8.0 cm×10.0 cm,骨缺损长度1.0 ~4.6 cm,伴或不伴有肌腱、神经、血管缺损.2例存在指掌侧固有动脉缺损,急诊采用清创加骨折复位钢板或克氏针固定治疗,骨水泥充填骨缺损,并用游离股前外侧分叶皮瓣加前臂皮下静脉行血管移植;13例急诊采用清创加骨折复位钢板内固定加骨水泥充填骨缺损后,VSD敷料覆盖创面,择期用游离股前外侧分叶皮瓣覆盖创面,在皮瓣修复同时选择掌长肌腱、股前外侧皮神经移植修复肌腱、神经缺损.术后8~10周创面无感染,行Masquelet技术植骨重建掌骨缺损,并定期随访.结果 本组15例皮瓣术后均全部成活,术后随访12~24个月,平均18个月,X线片示均骨性愈合,平均愈合时间为植骨后3.2个月,后续观察无骨吸收.手功能按手外科学会上肢功能评定标准进行评定:结果优13例,良2例.结论 手掌贯通伤伴复合组织缺损需采用综合治疗方法,Masquelet技术结合游离股前外侧分叶皮瓣对其修复重建是一种有效、安全、可行的治疗方法.     

推拿治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎湿热证临床疗效观察

目的:观察推拿治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎湿热证的临床疗效。方法:采用意愿随机、连续数字法选取我院2016年3月～2018年3月收治的轮状病毒肠炎患儿,分别纳入观察组和对照组,每组30例。对照组采用西医常规疗法,观察组在对照组基础之上增加推拿疗法。3天为1疗程。治疗3天后比较两组患儿的临床疗效、中医证候改善情况;治疗结束,对比腹泻停止时间、退热时间及大便恢复正常时间。结果:观察组临床有效率为93.33%高于对照组的73.33%,有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗后大便性状、大便次数、恶心呕吐、腹胀、苔黄腻等中医症候积分均低于对照组,有统计学差异(P0.05);观察组治疗后腹泻停止时间、退热时间以及大便恢复正常时间均较对照组缩短,有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:推拿配合西医基础治疗,能够提高小儿轮状病毒肠炎湿热证的临床疗效,促进临床症状改善,缩短腹泻时间,促进胃肠功能恢复。