拉萨地区冠心病与幽门螺杆菌感染相关性研究

目的探讨西藏拉萨地区幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pyloric，Hp）感染与冠心病及多种危险因素的关系。为该地区冠心病的防治提供依据。方法分为冠心病组46例和非冠心病组51例，应用检测血抗HpIgG及-C-尿素呼气试验方法检测Hp感染情况，并分别测定各组血脂、血糖、餐后2h血糖、C反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原、白细胞总数。结果冠心病组患者血清抗HpIgG阳性率为50．0％（23／46），明显高于非冠心病组的23．5％（12／51），P〈0．05；冠心病患者Hp现症感染率为54．3％（25／46），明显高于非冠心病组的31．3％（27／51），P〈0．05；冠心病组Hp感染患者血脂、空腹及餐后2h血糖、C反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原较非感染患者明显升高（P〈0．05）。结论Hp感染与冠心病相关，可能是拉萨地区冠心病发病的独立危险因素。     

Transcriptomic and Immunophenotypic Characterization of Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue

The tumor immune microenvironment of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma may be accountable for differences in clinical behavior, particularly between different age groups. We performed RNA expression profiling and evaluated tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and their T-cell subsets in order to assess the functional status of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma tumor microenvironment and detect potentially clinically useful associations. Archival surgical pathology material from sixteen oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients was microscopically evaluated for TIL densities. RNA was extracted from macrodissected whole tumor sections and normal controls and RNA expression profiling was performed by the NanoString PanCancer IO 360 Gene Expression Panel. Immunostains for CD4, CD8 and FOXP3 were evaluated manually and by digital image analysis. Oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas had increased TIL densities, numerically dominated by CD4 + T cells, followed by CD8 + and FOXP3 + T cells. RNA expression profiling of tumors versus normal controls showed tumor signature upregulation in inhibitory immune signaling (CTLA4, TIGIT and PD-L2), followed by inhibitory tumor mechanisms (IDO1, TGF-β, B7-H3 and PD-L1). Patients older than 44 years showed a tumor microenvironment with increased Tregs and CTLA4 expression. Immunohistochemically assessed CD8% correlated well with molecular signatures related to CD8 + cytotoxic T-cell functions. FOXP3% correlated significantly with CTLA4 upregulation. CTLA4 molecular signature could be predicted by FOXP3% assessed by immunohistochemistry (R² = 0.619, p = 0.026). Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma hosts a complex inhibitory immune microenvironment, partially reflected in immunohistochemically quantified CD8 + and FOXP3 + T-cell subsets. Immunohistochemistry can be a useful screening tool for detecting tumors with upregulated expression of the targetable molecule CTLA4.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s12105-020-01229-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Endovenous management of saphenous vein reflux. Endovenous Reflux Management Study Group

PURPOSE: This study assessed clinical outcomes of two catheter-based endovenous procedures to eliminate or greatly mitigate saphenous vein reflux.Materials and Methods: A computer-controlled, dedicated generator and two catheter designs were used to treat 210 patients at 16 private clinic and university centers in Europe. The Closure catheter applied resistive heating over long vein lengths to cause maximum wall contraction for permanent obliteration; the Restore catheter induced a short subvalvular constriction to improve the competence of mobile but nonmeeting leaflets. RESULTS: Closure treatment caused acute obliteration in 141 (93%) of 151 limbs; Restore treatment, shrinking one or more valves, acutely reduced reflux to less than 1 second in 41 (60%) of 68 limbs. Closure treatments were associated with early recanalization (6%), paresthesias (thigh, 9%; leg, 51%; P <.001), 3 skin burns, and 3 deep-vein thrombus extensions, with 1 embolism. Restore treatments were thrombogenic (16%) despite prophylactic anticoagulation, and treated valves enlarged over 6 weeks, becoming less competent. Clinical Efficacy Assessment Project clinical class was significantly improved after both treatments, up to 1 year. At 6 months, 87% of 53 Closure patients were class 0 or 1, 75% were symptom-free, and 96% of 55 treated limbs were completely free of reflux. Fourteen of 31 Restore patients (45%) had no symptoms, but 55% were class 2 or lower and only 19% had less than 1-second reflux. CONCLUSION: Closure treatment is clinically effective, albeit with offsetting complications and early failures; these are being addressed through four procedural modifications. Restore valve shrinking, although conceptually attractive, is too problematic to be competitive with Closure treatment or saphenectomy.     

Comparative mouse skin tumorigenicity and induction of Ha-ras mutations by bay region diol epoxides of 5-methylchrysene and 5,6- dimethylchrysene

We compared the tumor-initiating activities toward mouse skin of two structurally related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diol epoxides: racemic anti-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5,6-dimethylchrysene-1,2-diol-3,4- epoxide (5,6-diMeCDE) and racemic anti-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5- methylchrysene-1,2-diol-3,4-epoxide (5-MeCDE). Tumors induced by these diol epoxides were analysed for mutations in the Ha-ras gene. 5,6- diMeCDE is derived from the non-planar parent compound 5,6- dimethylchrysene, and reacts to approximately equal extents with dA and dG in DNA, whereas 5-MeCDE is derived from a nearly planar parent compound, 5-methylchrysene, and reacts mainly with dG in DNA. 5,6- diMeCDE, at initiating doses of 33, 100 or 400 nmol per mouse, induced 1.2, 2.2 and 6.2 skin tumors per mouse, respectively. It was significantly less tumorigenic than 5-MeCDE which induced 3.1, 7.5 and 9.1 skin tumors per mouse at the same doses. Tumors induced by 5,6- diMeCDE had a large number of CAA-->CTA mutations in codon 61 of the Ha- ras gene: 50, 55 and 75% of the tumors analysed had this mutation at the 33, 100 and 400 nmol doses. No mutations were found in codons 12 and 13 in the tumors induced by 5,6-diMeCDE. In contrast, CAA-->CTA mutations in codon 61 were rarely seen in tumors induced by 5-MeCDE. At the highest dose of 5-MeCDE, 20% of the tumors analysed had mutations at G of codons 12 and 13. The results of this comparative study support the hypothesis that mutations in the Ha-ras gene in mouse skin tumors induced by PAH diol epoxides occur as a result of their direct reaction with the gene. However, pathways other than the commonly observed Ha- ras codon 61 mutations are clearly important in mouse skin tumorigenesis by these diol epoxides.      

2型糖尿病家系非糖尿病一级亲属胰岛素抵抗与胰岛β细胞功能变化5年随访研究

目的：探讨随访2型糖尿病（T2DM）家系非糖尿病一级亲属5年的胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能变化。方法：入选2型糖尿病家系非糖尿病一级亲属组（FDR）32例和正常对照组（NC）18例,基线检测了体质量指数、腰臀比、血压、血脂、血糖和空腹胰岛素（FINS）水平。采用稳态模式（HOMA）评价胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）和胰岛β细胞功能（HOMA-β）,5年后进行了相同的随访。结果：5年后FDR组HOMA-IR明显升高（P=0.040）,HOMA-β明显降低（P=0.004）。5年后FDR组与NC组HOMA-IR组间无显著差异（P=0.594）,HOMA-β明显降低（P=0.000）。多元逐步回归分析显示,FINS、空腹血糖（FBG）、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）是影响FDR组胰岛素抵抗的独立危险因素;FBG和FINS是影响FDR组胰岛β细胞功能的独立危险因素。结论：T2DM患者一级亲属非肥胖患者在发生糖尿病之前已经存在胰岛素抵抗和胰岛分泌功能缺陷,且随着病程延长胰岛β细胞功能衰竭可能更明显。     

肠镜在腹腔镜辅助低位直肠癌根治术后吻合口出血防治中的意义

目的:探讨肠镜在腹腔镜辅助低位直肠癌根治术后吻合口出血防治中的意义。方法 :回顾性分析我院2006年1月至2011年12月共279例腹腔镜直肠癌根治术病人的资料,其中18例术后吻合口出血。采用卡方检验分析影响吻合口出血的可能因素,对于P     

Impact of age and drug resistance on mortality in typhoid fever

The risk factors for mortality were analysed in a consecutive group of 1158 children presenting to the Aga Khan University Medical Center, Karachi, with multidrug resistant typhoid fever that had been proved on culture. There were 19 deaths, representing an overall case fatality rate of 1.6%. Multidrug resistant typhoid was associated with a more severe clinical illness and higher rates of toxicity, hepatomegaly, hypotensive shock, and death. Irrespective of drug resistance status, typhoid fever was found to be a more severe illness in young infants with significantly higher rates of diarrhoea, hypotensive shock, and mortality. Univariate analysis of admission characteristics associated with increased risk for mortality revealed significant association with younger age (p < 0.05), hypotensive shock or hypothermia (p < 0.001), obtundation (p < 0.001), seizures (p < 0.05), anaemia at admission (p < 0.005), and leucocytosis (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for mortality showed persistent association of hypothermia, toxicity, and anaemia with mortality. The data provides evidence that multidrug resistant typhoid in childhood is associated with increased risk of mortality, especially in infancy and closer attention to several risk factors for increased morbidity and case fatality rates may lead to improved outcome of treatment.