抗真菌治疗及其在眼科的应用进展

近年来眼部真菌感染的发病率逐年上升 ,由于缺乏特异有效的治疗方法 ,它已成为临床上最棘手的致盲性眼病之一。近年国外在抗真菌治疗的研究上有较多进展 ,主要包括多种药物如脂质复合物、新型三唑类、免疫抑制剂、细胞壁破坏药物等 ,以及如联合用药、真菌疫苗等多种治疗措施。其中多数已用于眼部真菌感染的治疗 ,并取得良好效果。本文就上述抗真菌药物的种类、作用机制及其它治疗措施等作一综述 ,以期为临床治疗眼部真菌感染提供参考     

P17 Pharmacology in the integrated course ＂Basic Medical Sciences＂ in Zhejiang University School of Medicine

According to traditional teaching mode, the courses in preclinical medicine including pharmacology are separately run. This mode causes a series of disadvantages including loose connection between knowledge in different disciplines and weak ability to bridge basic preclinical knowledge and clinical practice. In order to overcome the disadvantages and promote the teaching efficiency, we constructed a new integrated course-Course of Basic Medical Sciences, which includes 6 traditional courses, anatomy, histology and embryology, physiology, pathology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. We integrated these courses based on the human organ systems and according to the principle-＂ From macro to micro, From morphological to functional, From normal to abnormal and From disease to drug therapy＂ and published the series of textbook in 2004. The contents of pharmacology are taught just after pathology and pathophysiology in every organ system. In comparison with the traditional teaching mode, teachers of pharmacology need not spend a lot of time to review preceding knowledge of anatomy and histology, physiology, pathophysiology and pathology. This is helpful in saving time and improving the teaching efficiency.     

手术治疗先天性角膜皮样瘤19例疗效观察

报告了19例先天性角膜皮样瘤病例,瘤体直径4mm以下者行单纯肿瘤切除术,瘤体5mm以上者行肿瘤切除和板层角膜移植术,早期手术效果为佳。供体角膜采用湿房保存和无水氯化钙干燥保存,获得同样满意的疗效。随访1～5年,13例视力增进,5例不变,1例减退,效果肯定,是一种可靠的治疗方法。     

单疱病毒潜伏感染的三叉神经节培养

新西兰白兔经角膜接种ＨＳＶ－１Ｍｃｋｒａｅ株后，在三叉神经节内形成潜伏感染。当接种病毒后第３０～１００天时，分别摘除ＴＧ做组织培养，在培养到第８天时，ＴＧ细胞内出现ＨＳＶ－１抗原阳性，第１０天时培养细胞开始呈现细胞病变，第２～３周内全部潜伏感染的ＴＧ培养细胞出现自发性感染，ＣＰＥ和ＨＳＶ－１抗原原均为阳性，在体外成功地建立了潜伏感染ＴＧ活化的细胞模型，为进一步研究ＨＳＶ－１在Ｇ胞内的潜伏感染机制提     

AN EEG STUDY OF 120 EPILEPTIC FAMILIES

To study the epilepsy heredity, routine EEG tracings of 120 epileptic families and 57 normal control families were carried out. The results suggest that epilepsy shows an obvious tendency to be inherited.     

单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型在三叉神经节潜伏感染的实验研究

眼部感染HSV-1后,在支配该区域的三叉神经节的感觉神经细胞中建立潜伏感染,宿主的免疫因素和病毒的某些功能参与了潜伏感染的建立,潜伏病毒基因组大部分呈游离状态,仅用一小部分整合到宿主DNA中,并发生不同程度的转录,当遇到适宜刺激时潜伏病毒基因组可被激活,返回原发感染部位引起复发。重组DNA技术和组织培养技术的应用为潜伏感染的研究开辟了新的领域。     

VACUOLE SIGN AND SMALL NODE SIGN IN EARLY PERIPHERAL LUNG CANCER PATHOLOGIC BASIS AND DIAGNOSTIC VALUE

Radiologic and pathologic mani;estations of 30 peripheral pulmonary masses around l.5-3 cm in dia- meter were compared to the pathologic basis of va- cuole sign and small node sign on tomogram. Stati stics of 100 conventional X-ray tomograms of peri- pheral pulmonary masses about l-3 cm in diameter suggested that the vacuole sign and small node sign, more common in early peripheral lung cancer than in tuberculoma, are valuable for differentiating early peripheral lung cancer from tuberculoma.     

Collagen-coated polylactide microspheres as chondrocyte microcarriers

Polylactide (PLA) microspheres were coated with collagen for cell culture and injectable cell carriers. Utilizing a method of emulsion-solvent evaporation, PLA microspheres with diameter ranging from 180 to 280 microm were prepared, followed with aminolysis in hexanediamine/n-propanol solution to introduce free amino groups on their surfaces. After the amino groups were transferred into aldehyde groups by a treatment of glutaraldehyde, collagen type I was covalently coupled via Schiff base formation between the aldehyde groups and the amino groups on collagen molecules. Meanwhile, physically entangled collagen molecules were retained following a grafting-coating protocol to yield microspheres coated with larger amount of collagen. Aminolysis resulted in weight loss of the microspheres following a linear relationship with the aminolysis time. The NH2 and collagen contents existed on the microsphere surface were quantitatively determined by ninhydrin and hydroproline (Hyp) analyses, respectively. Larger amount of collagen was immobilized on the microspheres with higher content of NH2. In vitro chondrocyte culture revealed that the cells could attach, proliferate and spread on these PLA microspheres, in particular on the ones having higher content of collagen. These results show that the collagen-coated PLA microspheres are promising candidate as cell microcarriers.     

Adsorption of serum fetuin to hydroxylapatite does not contribute to osteoblast phenotype modifications

Osteoblasts exhibit enhanced differentiation and altered gene profiles when cultured on hydroxyapatite (HA) compared to plastic surfaces. To begin determining mechanisms for this response, we used proteomics to identify proteins predominantly found in osteoblasts on HA but not plastic surfaces. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Western analyses indicate that fetuin is abundant in extracts from HA, but not plastic surfaces. Incubation of HA and plastic surfaces with cell culture medium (containing 10% serum) under cell-free conditions shows that fetuin is predominantly derived from the culture medium serum and readily adsorbs to the HA surface. However, we did detect low levels of fetuin B mRNA in osteoblasts. Serum albumin, actin-beta, apolipoprotein-AI, and vimentin also adsorbed to HA. To determine the role of fetuin in the HA-induced osteoblast phenotype changes, osteoblasts were seeded onto fetuin-coated or uncoated HA under serum-free conditions. Osteoblast morphology was similar on both HA surfaces, suggesting that HA alone (without adsorbed serum proteins) is sufficient for cell attachment and spreading. Similarly, genes previously reported to be modulated by HA (glvr-1, DMP-1, osteoglycin, and proliferin 3) were modulated even in the absence of fetuin or other serum proteins. These data show that HA surface can be enriched selectively with fetuin from serum; however, neither fetuin or other serum proteins are required to mediate HA-induced osteoblast attachment, spreading, or changes in expression of genes examined. This finding suggests that factors intrinsic to HA are required for the response.