All roads lead to Rome-a review of the potential mechanisms by which exerkines exhibit neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer’s disease

Age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)have become a critical public health issue due to the significantly extended human lifespan,leading to considerable economic and social burdens.Traditional therapies for AD such as medicine and surgery remain ineffective,impractical,and expensive.Many studies have shown that a variety of bioactive substances released by physical exercise(called“exerkines”)help to maintain and improve the normal functions of the brain in terms of cognition,emotion,and psychomotor coordination.Increasing evidence suggests that exerkines may exert beneficial effects in AD as well.This review summarizes the neuroprotective effects of exerkines in AD,focusing on the underlying molecular mechanism and the dynamic expression of exerkines after physical exercise.The findings described in this review will help direct research into novel targets for the treatment of AD and develop customized exercise therapy for individuals of different ages,genders,and health conditions.     

Angiotensin-(1–7)reducesα-synuclein aggregation by enhancing autophagic activity in Parkinson's disease

Abnormal accumulation ofα-synuclein contributes to the formation of Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra,which is considered the typical pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease.Recent research indicates that angiotensin-(1-7)plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative disorders,including Parkinson's disease,but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.In this study,we used intraperitoneal administration of rotenone to male Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks to establish a Parkinson's disease model.We investigated whether angiotensin-(1-7)is neuroprotective in this model by continuous administration of angiotensin-(1-7)into the right substantia nigra for 4 weeks.We found that angiotensin-(1-7)infusion relieved characteristic parkinsonian behaviors and reducedα-synuclein aggregation in the substantia nigra.Primary dopaminergic neurons were extracted from newborn Sprague-Dawley rat substantia nigras and treated with rotenone,angiotensin-(1-7),and/or the Mas receptor blocker A-779 for 24 hours.After binding to the Mas receptor,angiotensin-(1-7)attenuated apoptosis andα-synuclein aggregation in rotenone-treated cells.Primary dopaminergic neurons were also treated with angiotensin-(1-7)and/or the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine for 24 hours.Angiotensin-(1-7)increasedα-synuclein removal and increased the autophagy of rotenone-treated cells.We conclude that angiotensin-(1-7)reducesα-synuclein aggregation by alleviating autophagy dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.Therefore,the angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and angiotensin-(1-7)has potential therapeutic value for Parkinson's disease.All experiments were approved by the Biological Research Ethics Committee of Nanjing First Hospital(approval No.DWSY-2000932)in January 2020.     

Wyburn-Mason综合征一例报告

报告Wyburn-Mason综合征一例,右眼底血管扭曲,走行异常,左眼底正常.眼底荧光血管造影；右眼眼底可见视网膜异常血管袢,血管袢处动、静脉同时充盈，血液流向不易确定，视网膜血管未见异常渗漏。结合本例患者的VEP、ERG及临床表现进行了讨论。（中华眼底病杂志，1993，9：112-113）     

世界脊髓损伤研究的代表性方向

我们现在要尽量使这些治疗方法进入临床试验证明他们的可行性现在脊髓损伤的临床试验基金很有限，所以只有很少的这些治疗方法真正用于病人主要的制药厂开始对脊髓损伤治疗产生兴趣，我们现在还有很多工作要做，但是前景方向十分清楚，我们需要努力快速的工作。     

干性型老年黄斑变性60例随访观察

探刊干性型老年黄斑变性（age-related macular deganeration，AMD)的病变发展特征并 寻找监测AMD病情进展的较敏感指标。 方法：用眼底彩色照相和眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)、明视视网膜电囤(ERG)、FM100-hue 色彩试验及视力检查，对60例(111眼)50~80岁、视力≤1.0的干性型AMD患者进行3～74个月(平均30.2个月)的随访观察。 结果：本组68眼经FFA检查、平均25.6个月随访，其中25%的患眼病灶损害有快慢不一的发展．全部111眼视力在平均30.2个月随访中有18%患眼的视力下降2行以下，且与病灶进展相符，FM100-hue 色彩试验的被随访者中，随访2年以后，其总错误分明显的增加(P<0.01)．63眼的明视ERG在随访过程中无明显变化。 结论：大部分干性AMD患眼的病灶损害和视力可以在较长时间内维持稳定。FM100—hue的总错误分可能为监测AMD病情进展的较敏感指标． （中华眼底病杂志，1997，13：150-152）     

Overexpression/amplification of HER-2/neu is uncommon in hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND： Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is one of the most prevalent fatal cancers in the world. Despite advances in early diagnosis and improvements in surgical techniques, the survival of patients with HCC even after resection is poor because of the high incidence of recurrences. Therefore, the identification of prognostic factors may be helpful in the development of new treatment protocols. AIMS： To investigate HER-2/neu status in HCC by immunohistochemistry （IHC） and fluorescence in situ hybridisation （FISH）, and to explore the possibility of using trastuzumab in the treatment of HCC. METH ODS： Eight hundred and sixty eight surgical samples from patients with primary HCC were examined for their HER-2/neu status. IHC for HER-2/neu was performed with the HercepTest kit; FISH analysis was performed with the PathVysion HER-2 DNA probe kit. The correlations between HER-2/neu overexpression and clinicopathological characteristics were analysed statistically. RESULTS： HER-2/neu overexpression was detected in 21 （2.42%） of the 868 primary HCCs. Only one specimen showed HER-2/neu gene amplification by FISH. No significant associations were found between HER-2/neu overexpression and the clinicopathological parameters. CONCLUSIONS： There is a low frequency of HER-2/neu overexpression/amplification in HCC. There appears to be no role for HER-2/neu as a prognostic marker and no benefit of anti-HER-2/neu trastuzumab treatment in patients with HCC.     

视杆细胞多焦视网膜电图

多焦视网膜电图技术越来越多地应用于科研与临床 ,常规记录是在明视条件下 ,反映的是视锥细胞的功能。近年出现视杆细胞多焦视网膜电图技术。本文综述该技术的检测条件、反应波形和三维功能地形图特征、影响因素、功能评价和应用前景     

Effect of Ligustrazine on Bone Marrow Microenvironment and Signal Transducti on Path in Irradiation Injured Mice

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Paracentral Corneal Dellen： A Rare Sign of Graves Ophthalmopathy

Purpose:To report a rare sign, paracentral corneal dellen that developed in a middleaged female patient with Graves ophthalmopathy.Methods:A paracentral corneal dellen developed in the left eye in a 42-year-old woman who was diagnosed as Graves ophthalmopathy. The patient had remarkable upper eyelid retraction, upper eyelid lag and upward motility restriction. The Graves ophthalmopathy was classified as Grade Ⅳ according to NOSPECS classification.Results:Local artificial tear film and 0.3％ Tobramycin eye drops were administered to both eyes.Twenty-four hours later, the left corneal dellen disappeared.Conclusions:Graves ophthalmopathy can lead to paracentral corneal dellen because of severe upper eyelid retraction and upward motility restriction of the eye in spite of the lack of lagophthalmos. Artificial tear drop and antibiotic eye drop therapy helped even though the patient did not have corneal exposure. Eye Science 2003;19:174-175.