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1.
Maren T Scheuner William C Whitworth Henraya McGruder Paula W Yoon Muin J Khoury 《Genetics in medicine》2006,8(8):525-531
PURPOSE: We examined the performance of a familial risk assessment method that stratifies risk for early-onset coronary heart disease by considering the number of relatives with coronary disease, degree of relationship, lineage, and age at diagnosis. METHODS: By using data from the HealthStyles 2003 survey, we assessed the associations between familial risk and early-onset coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and obesity. By using area under the curve statistics, we evaluated the discriminatory ability of various risk assessment models. RESULTS: Of 4,035 respondents, 60% were female and 72% were white, with a mean age of 48.8 years. After adjustment for demographics, strong and moderate risk were significantly associated with approximately a five- and twofold risk of early-onset coronary disease, respectively. After adjustment for demographics and personal history of cardiovascular disease, strong familial risk was also significantly associated with diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and obesity. A risk assessment model that included familial risk, demographics, and personal history of diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and obesity was most optimal with an area under the curve statistic of 87.2% CONCLUSIONS: Familial risk assessment can stratify risk for early-onset coronary heart disease. Several conditions associated with increased familial risk can be prevented. These results have important implications for risk assessment and risk-reducing interventions. 相似文献
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Müllerian duct regression is first apparent in male pouch young of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) 6–7 days after birth and, as in eutherian mammals, is characterised by a condensation of the periductal mesenchyme into
a whorl around the ductal epithelial cells. A decrease in the density of the extracellular matrix was observed in the region
of the whorl. In contrast to eutherian mammals no changes were observed in the mean outer diameter of the Müllerian duct during
the early stages of regression. The time at which these mesenchymal changes occur corresponds to the period of Müllerian inhibiting
substance secretion in the postnatal tammar testis.
Accepted: 25 February 1997 相似文献
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Neuropsychological assessment, neuroimaging, and neuropsychiatric evaluation in pediatric and adult patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) 下载免费PDF全文
Christopher L Edwards Renee Dunn Raynor Miriam Feliu Camela McDougald Stephanie Johnson Donald Schmechel Mary Wood Gary G Bennett Patrick Saurona Melanie Bonner Chante Wellington Laura M DeCastro Elaine Whitworth Mary Abrams Patrick Logue Lekisha Edwards Salutario Martinez Keith E Whitfield 《Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment》2007,3(6):705-709
Traditionally, neuropsychological deficits due to Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) have been understudied in adults. We have begun to suspect, however, that symptomatic and asymptomatic Cerebrovascular Events (CVE) may account for an alarming number of deficits in this population. In the current brief review, we critically evaluated the pediatric and adult literatures on the neurocognitive effects of SCD. We highlighted the studies that have been published on this topic and posit that early detection of CVE via neurocognitive testing, neuropsychiatric evaluations, and neuroimaging may significantly reduce adult cognitive and functional morbidities. 相似文献
6.
C H Stuppaeck R Pycha C Miller A B Whitworth H Oberbauer W W Fleischhacker 《Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)》1992,27(2):153-158
The use of more than 130 drugs and drug combinations against the alcohol withdrawal syndrome reflects the fact that views on its treatment are far from being unequivocal. Benzodiazepines are the first choice treatment but it should not be disregarded that they have side effects and, above all, a varying risk of dependency themselves. In recent years many trials have focused on carbamazepine in this respect. Its efficacy was proven in various open and double-blind studies, most of them using concomitant sedative drugs, thereby diminishing the reliability of the results. In a double-blind study we compared the efficacy of carbamazepine with that of oxazepam, in 60 in-patients suffering from alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The main rating instrument was the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Scale--Alcohol (CIWA-A). The 7-day trial showed equal efficacy of carbamazepine and oxazepam during the first 5 days and a statistically significant superiority of carbamazepine on days 6 and 7. Four patients in each group had to be dropped from the study due to side effects or after having withdrawn informed consent. There was no decrease in white blood counts under carbamazepine. The experiences with carbamazepine up to now suggest a more widespread use, especially in non-delirious withdrawal states. 相似文献
7.
Moderate ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome occurred after LA was administered to control menorrhagia in an anephric woman who required hemodialysis. We postulate that women who require dialysis may be at special risk for the development of this syndrome. 相似文献
8.
The purpose of this study is to identify correlates of dental student stress. Associations between characteristics of dental students and their stress levels are examined, along with the association of stress with drug use and health problems. A total of 300 out of 315 dental students completed a questionnaire that measured the frequency and stressfulness of 31 stressors; drug use; health problems; and student characteristics including Type A behavior, career commitment, demographics, and lifestyle variables. Characteristics that were associated with a higher stress level were a higher level of Type A behavior and lower level of career commitment. Greater stress was also associated with a greater frequency of health problems. The results suggest an interactional stress model in which the personalities and attitudes of students are important mediators of the stress response. 相似文献
9.
Ming Li Allison Martin Cheng Wen Steven W. Turner Lynley K. Lewis Judith A. Whitworth 《Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology》1995,22(12):919-923
1. We tested the ability of ouabain to cause chronic hyper tension by continuously infusing ouabain for 28 days (mini-osmotic pump implantation; i.p.). The blood pressure and metabolic effects of sham (150 mmol/L NaCI; n= 12) or ouabain infusion (10 μg/kg per day; n= 14; 100 μg/kg per day; n = 14) were examined in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats. 2. Plasma ouabain concentrations measured after 28 days of ouabain infusion were as follows: sham, not detectable (n= 11); ouabain 10 μg/kg per day, 0.60 ± 0.07 nmol/L (n= 14); and ouabain 100 μg/kg per day, 7.17 ± 0.57 nmol/L (n= 14; P < 0.001). 3. Sham or ouabain infusion did not alter food intake, bodyweight, water intake or urine output in conscious rats. 4. Blood pressure was not altered by sham treatment. Ouabain at 10 μg/kg per day or 100 μg/kg per day did not produce consistent rises in blood pressure. Ouabain at 10 μg/kg per day increased blood pressure on treatment day 12 only (+ 6mmHg; P < 0.05), while at 100μg/kg per day blood pres sure increased on treatment days 16 (+ 9 mmHg; P < 0.05) and day 18 (+ 8mmHg; P < 0.05) only. There was no significant difference in blood pressure between sham and ouabain groups. 5. Renal blood flow was decreased in rats infused with ouabain at 10 μg/kg per day (2.0 ± 0.3 mL/min per 100 g body-weight; n= 5; P < 0.01) and 100 μg/kg per day (2.2 ± 0.4 mL/ min per 100 g bodyweight; n= 7; P < 0.05) compared with sham treatment (3.5 ± 0.2 mL/min per 100 g bodyweight; n= 6). Renal vascular resistance was increased in rats treated with ouabain at 10 μg/kg per day (65.5 ± 12.6 mmHg/mL per min per 100 g bodyweight; n= 5; P < 0.01) and 100 μg/kg per day (66.0 ± 15.6 mmHg/mL per min per 100 g bodyweight; n= 7; P < 0.05) compared with sham treatment (32.6 ± 2.5 mmHg/mL per min per 100 g bodyweight; n= 6). 6. High plasma concentrations of ouabain do not cause consistent increases in blood pressure in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats. 相似文献
10.
Many changes in renal function occur in normal pregnancy. Without a proper understanding of these changes, routine clinical investigations may easily be misinterpreted. Women with preeclampsia have further alterations in renal function and, in occasional cases, develop acute renal failure. Understanding of abnormal renal physiology and hormonal changes in these women allows the clinician to interpret biochemical tests appropriately and make proper use of vasodilator therapy with careful attention to volume homeostasis. Women who undertake pregnancy with a primary renal disease, most commonly glomerulonephritis or reflux nephropathy, have a higher risk of adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. Awareness of these risks provides a basis for proper preconceptual counseling, as well as careful monitoring of maternal blood pressure and renal function and fetal growth during such pregnancies. These strategies will optimize the chances of a successful pregnancy outcome for both mother and baby. 相似文献