Biomechanical behavior of brain injury caused by sticks using finite element model and Hybrid-III testing

Objective: To study the biomechanical mechanism of head injuries beaten with sticks, which is common in the battery or assaultive cases. Methods: In this study, the Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device and finite element model (FEM) of the total human model for safety (THUMS) head were used to determine the biomechanical response of head while being beaten with different sticks. Total eight Hybrid-III tests and four finite element simulations were conducted. The contact force, resultant acceleration of head center of gravity, intracranial pressure and von Mises stress were calculated to determine the different biomechanical behavior of head with beaten by different sticks. Results: In Hybrid-III tests, the stick in each group demonstrated the similar kinematic behavior under the same loading condition. The peak values of the resultant acceleration for thick iron stick group, thin iron stick group, thick wooden stick group and thin wooden stick group were 203.4 g, 221.1 g, 170.5 g and 122.2 g respectively. In finite element simulations, positive intracranial pressure was initially observed in the frontal comparing with negative intracranial pressure in the contra-coup site. Subsequently the intracranial pressure in the coup site was decreasing toward negative value while the contra-coup intracranial pressure increasing toward positive values. Conclusions: The results illustrated that the stiffer and larger the stick was, the higher the von Mises stress, contact force and intracranial pressure were. We believed that the results in the Hybrid-III tests and THUMS head simulations for brain injury beaten with sticks could be reliable and useful for better understanding the injury mechanism.     

Risk factors and ankle brachial indexes in cerebral infarction combined with peripheral arterial disease

BACKGROUND: Ankle brachial index(ABI)is widely involved in researches and clinical application of peripheral vascular injury of patients with diabetes (DM);however ,the application in cerebral infarction(CI)is rare.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible risk factor of cerebral infarction plus peripheral arterial disease(PAD),compare metabolic characteristics of patients who having CI plus PAD or only having CI,and understand the significance of ABI on screening and diagnosing CI plus PAD of lower limb.DESIGN: Contrast observation based on CI patients.SETTING: Deparment of Neurology,Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhang Autonomous Region.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 124 CI patients were selected from Department of Neurology.Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from July 2005 to April 2006,including 72 males and 52 females aged from 45 to 88 years.All patients met the diagnostic criteria of cerebrovascular disease established by National Academic Conference of Cerebrovascular Diseases in 1995 and determined as cerebral infarction with MRI or CT examination.All patients provided informed consent.There were 46 cases(37.2%)with CI plus PAD and 78 cases(62.8%)only with CI.METHODS: Blood pressure of bilateral ankles and upper extremities was measured at plain clinostatism with DINAMAP blood pressure monitor(GE Company).The ratio between average systolic pressure of lateral ankle and average systolic pressure of both upper extremities was regarded as ABI.The normal ABI was equal to or more than 0.9.If ABI＜0.9 occurred at one side,patients were diagnosed as PAD.On the second morning after hospitalization,blood was collected to measure fasting blood glucose(FBG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose(PBG2h),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc),triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C).Among them,blood glucose.lipid and other biochemical markers were measured with enzyme chemistry assay and HbA1c was measured with HbA1c meter based on high liquid phase.Measurement data and enumeration data were compared with t test and Chi-square test.and multiple factors were deat with Logistic regression analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of correlation between ABI and metabolic markers with multivariate linear regression analysis;risk factors of CI plus PAD with Logistic regression analysis;comparisons of metabolic markers between PAD and non-PAD patients.RESULTS:All 124 patients with acute CI were involved in the final analysis.①Comparisons of metabolic markers:Levels of serum LDL-C and uric acid(UA)were higher of PAD patients than those of non-PAD patients(t=2.051 9,3.339 1,P＜0.05);however,there were no significant differences among other metabolic markers(P＞0.05).②Results of multivariate linear regression analysis:PBG2h,LDL.C and UA were obvious correlation with ABI of posterior tibial artery of lower limb and dorsal pedis artery rpartial regression coefficient:-0.231 to-1.010,P＜0.05).③Risk factors of CI plus PAD with Logistic regression analysis:Age.Smoking history,sum of CI focus(≥3)and LDL-C were independent risk factor of CI plus PAD(OR=1.524-5.422,P＜0.05-0.01 ).CONCLUSION:①Levels of serum LDL-C and UA of patients with CI plus PAD are high.②ABI of lower limbs is correlation with PBG2h,LDL-C and UA.In addition,measuring ABI is beneficial for early diagnosing PAD of lower limbs of patients who have poorly controlled blood glucose,abnormal lipid and poor renal function.③Age,LDL-C and sum of CI focus(≥3)are independent risk factors of CI plus PAD.It is of significance for screening non-PAD patients to evaluate risk degrees and prognosis and select therapeutic methods based on ABI measurement.     

维生素C和维生素E辅加剂降低引起胚胎毒性的氧化作用和提高胚囊发育率

维生素C和维生素E辅加剂降低引起胚胎毒性的氧化作用和提高胚囊发育率@Wang X @赵铀     

1例伴有椎动脉型颈椎病口腔科患者的护理体会

在口腔科的门诊护理工作中，常会遇到一些伴有颈椎病的患者，在口腔疾病诊治过程中，出现颈椎病临床症状的急性发作，给医护人员造成措手不及，严重者可能会出现其他意外，造成严重后果。鉴于此，我们将伴有颈椎病的口腔科患者在就诊过程中的医护人员相应注意事项做一简述，以供参考。     

小儿过敏性紫癜15例早期误诊分析

过敏性紫癜为一种主要侵犯毛细血管的变态反应性疾病,为血管综合征中常见类型。本病多见于6岁以上的学龄儿童,典型病例诊断不难,但是若腹痛、便血、关节肿痛及血尿等症状出现在紫癜之前容易误诊。我院1992~2005年收治过敏性紫癜(腹型)52例,其中15例误诊,误诊率29·3%,现将误诊原因分析如下。1临床资料1·1一般资料本组15例中,男9例,女6例;年龄<6岁8例,6~14岁7例。均符合1990年美国风湿病学会制定的过敏性紫癜的诊断标准[1],均以腹痛、呕吐为首发症状就诊。1·2临床表现①有典型的紫癜10例,不典型的紫癜5例;②腹痛出现的时间:紫癜出现前有腹…     

靶重建放大扫描对肺孤立性结节病变的诊断意义

目的：探讨靶重建放大扫描技术对肺孤立性结节病变的诊断价值。方法：对63例患者先行常规CT平扫，选定结节处为兴趣区，行薄层靶重建放大扫描，层厚、层距为2mm，FOV为160。结果：42例恶性病变中有37例表现为深分叶，占88．1％；21例良性病变中有15例表现为浅分叶，占71．4％。恶性结节中15例内部出现条状低密度支气管征；7例出现血管集中征；8例出现空泡征；病变内部出现液化坏死13例，其中恶性病变ll例。22例出现钙化，包括12例良性病变和10例恶性病变。2例错构瘤内均见小面积脂肪性低密度影。结论：靶重建放大扫描比普通CT扫描可提供更多的信息，对良恶性病变的鉴别诊断有一定价值。恶性病变大多数为深分叶，良性病变大多数为浅分叶或无分叶。     

昆明地区酵母样真菌致患儿腹泻结果分析

近年来，由于广谱抗生素、免疫抑制剂和皮质类固醇激素的大量应用，由细菌引起的患儿腹泻虽然被控制，但是由酵母样真菌引起的患儿腹泻却日益增多。同时，国内对酵母样真菌引起医院内感染的报道也不断增多。为进一步分析昆明地区酵母样真菌致患儿腹泻的相关情况，我们对2005年12月至2007年12月我院567份腹泻患儿粪便标本中分离出的106株酵母样真菌作回顾性探讨。     

氟伐他汀对44例急性冠脉综合征病人高敏C反应蛋白影响的观察

目的 探讨氟伐他汀对血脂正常的急性冠脉综合征(ACS)病人冠脉病变炎症的影响.方法 88例ACS病人随机分为氟伐他汀治疗组(治疗组)44例和常规治疗组(对照组)44例,另设健康组50例,测定治疗前、治疗后8周血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的变化.结果 88例ACS病人的hs-CRP水平均显著高于健康组;对照组治疗8周后,hs-CRP与治疗前相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而治疗组经氟伐他汀8周治疗后,hs-CRP与治疗前相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 氟伐他汀对ACS病人的炎症反应有明显的抑制作用.