Comparison of the real-time PCR method and the Gen-Probe amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pulmonary and nonpulmonary specimens

Real-time PCR was compared to Amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis Direct Test (AMTDII) for 100 clinical specimens. The overall sensitivities of the real-time PCR method and AMTDII were similar for respiratory and nonrespiratory specimens. However, real-time PCR seemed to be less susceptible to amplification inhibitors than AMTDII.     

A Log Ratio-Based Analysis of Individual Changes in the Composition of the Oral Microbiota in Different Dietary Phases

Background: Investigating the influence of nutrition on oral health has a long scientific history. Due to recent technical advances like sequencing techniques for the oral microbiota, this topic has gained scientific interest again. A basic challenge is to understand the influence of nutrition on the oral microbiota and on the interaction between the oral bacteria, which is also statistically challenging. Methods: Log-transformed ratios of two bacteria concentrations are introduced as the basic analytic tool. The framework is illustrated by application in an experimental study exposing eleven participants to different nutrition schemes in five consecutive phases. Results: The method could be sufficiently used to analyse the interrelation between the bacteria and to identify some bacterial groups with the same as well as different reactions to additional dietary components. It was found that the strongest changes in bacterial concentrations were achieved by the additional consumption of dairy products. Conclusion: A log ratio-based analysis offers insights into the relation of different bacteria while taking specific features of compositional data into account. The presented methods allow becoming independent of the behaviour of other bacteria, which is a disadvantage of common analysis methods of compositions. The results indicate that modulations of the oral biofilm microbiota due to nutrition change can be attained.     

Cisplatin-induced alterations of serotonin metabolism in patients with or without emesis following chemotherapy

Serotonin (5-HT)(3) receptor antagonists are very effective in the control of cisplatin induced emesis. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of patients still experience emesis despite the use of these antiemetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate if cisplatin treated patients who vomit differ from patients who are completely protected from emesis with respect to measurable alterations of serotonin metabolism. We measured the urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindole-acetic-acid (5-HIAA), the main metabolite of serotonin, in 24 patients with 42 courses of cisplatin containing chemotherapies. Patterns of 5-HIAA excretion were compared between patients with emesis and patients who are completely protected from vomiting. Three groups of patients without chemotherapy served as control. The first group did not receive any medication. The second and third group were given a single dose of ondansetron or metoclopramide. The median 5-HIAA/creatinine ratios in the control group ranged from 3.8 to 6.9 with a median of 6.2 (mu g 5-HIAA/mg creatinine). Neither ondansetron nor metoclopramide given without chemotherapy induced significant changes in 5-HIAA excretion patterns. 23 courses (55%) were associated with acute cisplatin-induced emesis. The median interval from the start of the cisplatin infusion to the peak 5-HIAA excretion was shorter in patients with acute emesis, but the cumulative amount of urinary 5-HIAA did not differ between patients with or without emesis. Patients who are efficiently protected from vomiting as well as patients who experience emesis show a comparable increase in urinary 5-HIAA following cisplatin therapy. The present study failed to show elevated 5-HIAA excretion levels occurring later than 24 hours following cisplatin administration. Nevertheless, patients experienced cisplatin-induced delayed emesis. Further studies are warranted to identify the pathomechanisms responsible for delayed emesis as well as that proportion of acute emesis which is refractory to 5-HT3 antagonism.     

Electrochemical properties of polycyclic compounds studied by the polarographic method in anhydrous systems. VIII. The influence of proton-donor on reduction of carcinogenic nitrogen compounds in dimethylformamide

The authors have studied the electrochemical behavior of a series of carcinogenic and inactive heterocyclic compounds in anhydrous medium in the presence of a proton-donor. As anhydrous medium the authors used anhydrous dimethylformamide as proton-donor phenol. In the presence of proton-donor there had occurred on polarographic reduction of the employed carcinogenic heterocyclic compounds changes in the number of polarographic waves. Between the two original waves in these compounds there arose in the presence of phenol a new wave. In non-carcinogenic heterocyclic compounds such an effect of phenol was not noted. In the present paper the authors discuss the possible mechanism of electroreduction of carcinogenic and inactive heterocyclic compounds in anhydrous medium in the presence of a proton-donor.     

Some electrochemical characteristics of synthetic analogs of nucleic acid components. II. Derivatives of uridine and arabinosyluracil. An attempt to find correlation between some of their properties

The relation between half-wave potentials E1/2, parameter tg alpha, and chemical structure of a series of natural and synthetic compounds of nucleic acids were studied. This series included the pyrimidine nucleobase uracil, the natural pyrimidine nucleoside uridine and its deoxy-derivatives, the synthetic analog arabinosyluracil, its deoxy- and thio-analogs, and some cyclonucleosides. It was confirmed that the value of tg alpha, which may suggest a potential carcinogenic activity of the compounds studied, is dependent upon lipophilicity and rate of biotransformation of these compounds. Generally, it was shown that the complexity of nucleoside molecules makes it impossible to find parameters showing correlation. Linear correlation was found only in small, structurally similar groups of derivatives.     

Study of antioxidant effect of apigenin, luteolin and quercetin by DNA protective method

A DNA protective capacity of three flavonoids, apigenin (AP), luteolin (LU) and quercetin (QU) against free radicals generated by H202, resp. Fe2+ is reported. This effect corresponding with scavenging of free radicals or with chelating of iron was assayed at two concentrations of flavonoids studied (1 microM and 10 microM). The quantitative analysis has shown that LU possesses the highest DNA protective effect of flavonoids investigated in the presence of H2O2. On the other hand, in the presence of 10 microM Fe2+, AP exhibited the highest DNA protective effect at the concentration of 1 microM and the following order was reached at the stoichiometric concentrations (10 microM) of Fe2+. It is believed that this discrepancy is caused by the ability of LU and QU iron-complex formation as it was separately investigated using UV-VIS spectrometry.     

Recurrent Left Cervical Swelling and Chylothorax due to Lymphatic Thrombosis

CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology -