大小剂量纳洛酮对严重颅脑损伤后细胞凋亡抑制作用的实验研究

目的观察纳洛酮对脑外伤的抗凋亡作用,比较大小剂量纳洛酮对实验性脑损伤后神经细胞凋亡的影响.方法选用家兔77只,随机分成正常组、对照组、大剂量组和小剂量组,分别予非颅脑损伤、颅脑损伤、颅脑损伤后大剂量纳洛酮腹腔注射及颅脑损伤后小剂量纳洛酮腹腔注射处理,15天后均断头处死,于致伤处和对侧处分别取材,利用TUNEL法制作切片,观察及比较各组神经细胞凋亡数量.结果致伤处或对侧处,正常组、大剂量组、小剂量组和对照组神经细胞凋亡数量两两之间比较均有显著差异,值从小到大为:正常组、大剂量组、小剂量组、对照组.结论纳洛酮具有抑制严重颅脑损伤后神经细胞凋亡的作用;大剂量纳洛酮应用可以较显著抑制严重颅脑损伤后的神经细胞凋亡.     

经尿道前列腺电切术治疗高危前列腺增生症85例临床分析

目的探讨经尿道前列腺电切（TURP）治疗高危前列腺增生症（BPH）的安全性及围手术期处理。方法应用经尿道前列腺电切（TURP）治疗高危前列腺增生症患者85例。结果85例手术时间均为30-90min,手术切除前列腺组织质量30-60g,平均40g,失血量150—250ml,无电切综合征（TURS）发生。术后随访2—24个月,国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）由术前（27．0±4．5）分降至术后（8．5±2．5）分,生活质量评分（QOL）由术前（4．5±0．7）分降至术后（2．2±0．3）分,最大尿流率（Qmax）由术前0—6ml／s升至术后（14．0±3．5）ml／s,剩余尿量（RUV）由术前80—400ml降至术后20—30ml,4项指标与术前比较均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论经尿道前列腺电切术是治疗高危前列腺增生症有效、安全性高且并发症少的方法。     

uPA、ET-1蛋白在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其临床相关性

背景与目的 肺癌是世界第一大恶性肿瘤,其发病率及死亡率居高不下.本研究旨在探讨uPA和ET-1蛋白在非小细胞肺癌中的表达状况及其在临床诊断和预后判断方面的应用价值.方法 采用组织微阵列联合免疫组织化学染色技术.研究155例非小细胞肺癌中uPA和ET-1蛋白的表达情况,分析其与临床病理参数的相关性.结果 uPA阴性/弱、...     

Immunohistochemical Localization of Somatostatin in the Brain of Chinese Alligator Alligator sinensis

In this study, the regional distribution and histological localization of somatostatin (SS) immunoreactive (IR) perikarya and fibers was investigated for the first time in the brain of adult Chinese alligator by immunohistochemical method. The results showed SS‐IR perikarya and fibers were widely distributed in various parts of the brain except for olfactory bulbs. In the telencephalon, SS‐IR perikarya were predominantly located in the cellular layer and deep plexiform layer of dorsomedial and medial cortex, less in the dorsal and lateral cortex, while SS‐IR fibers were found in all layers of the cerebral cortex. SS‐IR perikarya and fibers were also detected in the dorsal ventricular ridge, hippocampus cortex, accessory olfactory bulb nuclearus, lenticular nucleus, and caudate nucleus. In the diencephalon, SS‐IR perikarya and fibers were mainly present in supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, recessus infundibular nucleus, median eminence, the pineal gland and pituitary gland, in which the IR‐fibers were abundant, appearing dot‐shaped and varicosity‐like. In the mesencephalon, they were present in tectum cortex, ependyma of cerebral aqueduct and the periaqueductal grey matter. Additionally, they were also detected in Purkinje's cellular layer of cerebellum, in the reticularis nucleus and raphe nucleus of medulla oblongata. The distribution pattern of SS‐IR perikarya and fibers in the brain of Chinese alligator is generally similar to that reported in other reptiles, but also has some specific features. The wide distribution indicated that SS might be a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator which acts on many kinds of target cells with a wide range of physiological functions. Anat Rec, 300:507–519, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

中华蟾蜍消化道内分泌细胞的分布与形态

目的:对中华蟾蜍消化道5种内分泌细胞的分布与形态进行研究.方法:对中华蟾蜍消化道各段取材,应用免疫组织化学SP法结合生物统计学分析.结果:生长抑素细胞在消化道各段均有分布,以胃幽门部密度最高,空肠和胃贲门部其次.回肠和直肠中密度最低.胃泌素细胞主要分布于胃和肠道各段,胃幽门部和空肠密度较高,食道中无分布.胰高血糖素细胞主要分布于胃,以胃幽门部密度最高.肠道只在十二指肠处偶见.胰多肽细胞在消化道各段均未见分布.血管活性肠肽细胞主要分布于胃体、胃幽门部、回肠和直肠,以直肠中密度最高.结论:中华蟾蜍内分泌细胞的分布型与其摄食习性是相适应的.     

青年与中老年胃癌预后的比较

目的：比较青年人与中老年人胃癌的预后。方法：将本院5年间265例手术切除胃癌分为青年组（≤39岁）及中老年组（＞39岁）两组,性别、TNM分期、手术方式及5年生存率。结果：青年组26例,中老年组239例,两组间TNM分期及手术方式无差异,5年生存率分别为39．39％及24．55％（P＝0．8874）。治愈性手术的5年生存率明显高于姑息性手术者（分别为33．85％及7．34％,P＜0．0001）。结论：青年人胃癌的手术预后并不比中老年差。     

HIF-1α在胃癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨HIF-1α在不同分化程度的胃癌组织中表达情况及其与胃癌生物学行为的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学S-P法，检测HIF-1α在10例正常胃组织和64例胃癌原发灶中的表达情况，并采用同济千屏影像工程公司HPIAS-2000型图像分析软件进行定量分析。结果64例胃癌中HIF-1α阳性表达54例，总阳性率为84．4％。HIF-1α在正常组织中的阳性表达率为23．79％，高、中和低分化的胃癌组织中HIF-1α阳性表达率分别为62．91％、69．83％和63．26％，在不同分化程度的胃癌组织中都强表达，均和非胃癌组织有显著性差异。结论HIF-1α在胃癌组织中表达率高，与胃癌细胞的转移、浸润、生长和黏附有关，是预测胃癌转移的一个较有价值的指标。     

Marker-Controlled Watershed for Lesion Segmentation in Mammograms

Lesion segmentation, which is a critical step in computer-aided diagnosis system, is a challenging task as lesion boundaries are usually obscured, irregular, and low contrast. In this paper, an accurate and robust algorithm for the automatic segmentation of breast lesions in mammograms is proposed. The traditional watershed transformation is applied to the smoothed (by the morphological reconstruction) morphological gradient image to obtain the lesion boundary in the belt between the internal and external markers. To automatically determine the internal and external markers, the rough region of the lesion is identified by a template matching and a thresholding method. Then, the internal marker is determined by performing a distance transform and the external marker by morphological dilation. The proposed algorithm is quantitatively compared to the dynamic programming boundary tracing method and the plane fitting and dynamic programming method on a set of 363 lesions (size range, 5–42 mm in diameter; mean, 15 mm), using the area overlap metric (AOM), Hausdorff distance (HD), and average minimum Euclidean distance (AMED). The mean ± SD of the values of AOM, HD, and AMED for our method were respectively 0.72 ± 0.13, 5.69 ± 2.85 mm, and 1.76 ± 1.04 mm, which is a better performance than two other proposed segmentation methods. The results also confirm the potential of the proposed algorithm to allow reliable segmentation and quantification of breast lesion in mammograms.