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Factors associated with the quality of laboratory performance in the United Kingdom external quality assessment scheme for serum growth hormone 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J Seth I Hanning 《Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry》1988,174(2):185-195
A search was made for associations between poor performance in the UK External Quality Assessment Scheme (EQAS) for serum growth hormone (GH), and a range of factors including assay method, laboratory workload and staffing, and Internal Quality Control (IQC) procedures. On the basis of the factors identified as being associated with poor performance we recommend the following. 1. Laboratories using RIA for GH should routinely analyse samples at two dilutions and report a mean result. 2. The use of 125I-GH which is 5 or more weeks old should be avoided. Tracer should also be chromatographed to remove aggregate before use. 3. Laboratories using RIA should avoid using a standard curve which covers too wide a range concentration; a curve midpoint (ie GH concentration to reduce the zero standard binding by 50%) of about 8 mU/l or less is probably acceptable. 4. It should be noted that high workloads present a risk of some loss in quality of responsible for checking IQC data. 6. Laboratories which do not have the resources to maintain fully their own RIA as outlined above should carefully consider use of an unbiased, precise IRMA. The UK EQAS has identified two assays (Boots-Celltech Sucrosep, NETRIA) that appear to meet these criteria [2]. The above observations may also be relevant to immunoassays for other peptide hormones. 相似文献
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Genetic variation in serotonin transporter alters resting brain function in healthy individuals. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hengyi Rao Seth J Gillihan Jiongjiong Wang Marc Korczykowski Geena Mary V Sankoorikal Kristin A Kaercher Edward S Brodkin John A Detre Martha J Farah 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2007,62(6):600-606
BACKGROUND: Perfusion functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the effect of genetic variation of the human serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene (5-HTTLPR, SLC6A4) on resting brain function of healthy individuals. METHODS: Twenty-six healthy subjects, half homozygous for the 5-HTTLPR short allele (s/s group) and half homozygous for the long allele (l/l group), underwent perfusion functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging during a resting state. The two genotype groups had no psychiatric illness and were similar in age, gender, and personality scores. RESULTS: Compared with the l/l group, the s/s group showed significantly increased resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the amygdala and decreased CBF in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. The effect of functional modulation in these regions by 5-HTTLPR genotype cannot be accounted for by variations in brain anatomy, personality, or self-reported mood. CONCLUSIONS: The 5-HTTLPR genotype alters resting brain function in emotion-related regions in healthy individuals, including the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Such alterations suggest a broad role of the 5-HTT gene in brain function that may be associated with the genetic susceptibility for mood disorders such as depression. 相似文献
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P. Hendrik Pretorius Michael A. King Howard C. Gifford Seth T. Dahlberg Frederick Spencer Ellen Simon Jason Rashkin Naomi Botkin William Berndt Manoj V. Narayanan Jeffrey A. Leppo 《Journal of nuclear cardiology》2005,12(3):284-293
BACKGROUND: Past receiver operating characteristic (ROC) studies have demonstrated that single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) perfusion imaging by use of iterative reconstruction with combined compensation for attenuation, scatter, and detector response leads to higher area under the ROC curve (A(z)) values for detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) in comparison to the use of filtered backprojection (FBP) with no compensations. A new ROC study was conducted to investigate whether this improvement still holds for iterative reconstruction when observers have available all of the imaging information normally presented to clinical interpreters when reading FBP SPECT perfusion slices. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 87 patient studies including 50 patients referred for angiography and 37 patients with a lower than 5% likelihood for CAD were included in the ROC study. The images from the two methods were read by 4 cardiology fellows and 3 attending nuclear cardiologists. Presented for the FBP readings were the short-axis, horizontal long-axis, and vertical long-axis slices for both the stress and rest images; cine images of both the stress and rest projection data; cine images of selected cardiac-gated slices; the CEQUAL-generated stress and rest polar maps; and an indication of patient gender. This was compared with reading solely the iterative reconstructed stress slices with combined compensation for attenuation, scatter, and resolution. With A(z) as the criterion, a 2-way analysis of variance showed a significant improvement in detection accuracy for CAD for the 7 observers (P = .018) for iterative reconstruction with combined compensation (A(z) of 0.895 +/- 0.016) over FBP even with the additional imaging information provided to the observers when scoring the FBP slices (A(z) of 0.869 +/- 0.030). When the groups of 3 attending physicians or 4 cardiology fellows were compared separately, the iterative technique was not statistically significantly better; however, the A(z) for each of the 7 observers individually was larger for iterative reconstruction than for FBP. Compared with results from our previous studies, the additional imaging information did increase the diagnostic accuracy of FBP for CAD but not enough to undo the statistically significantly higher diagnostic accuracy of iterative reconstruction with combined compensation. CONCLUSIONS: We have determined through an ROC investigation that included two classes of observers (experienced attending physicians and cardiology fellows in training) that iterative reconstruction with combined compensation provides statistically significantly better detection accuracy (larger A(z)) for CAD than FBP reconstructions even when the FBP studies were read with all of the extra clinical nuclear imaging information normally available. 相似文献
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Chairat Shayakul Petr Jarolim Marie Zachlederova Daniel Prabakaran Dionisio Cortez-Campeao Dana Kalabova Alan K Stuart-Tilley Hiroshi Ideguchi Christlieb Haller Seth L Alper 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2004,19(2):371-379
BACKGROUND: Mutations in the human SLC4A1 (AE1/band 3) gene are associated with hereditary spherocytic anaemia and with distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). The molecular diagnosis of AE1 mutations has been complicated by the absence of highly polymorphic genetic markers, and the pathogenic mechanisms of some dRTA-associated AE1 mutations remain unclear. Here, we characterized a polymorphic dinucleotide repeat close to the human AE1 gene and performed an immunocytochemical study of kidney tissue from a patient with inherited dRTA with a defined AE1 mutation. METHODS: One CA repeat region was identified in a phage P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) clone containing most of the human AE1 gene and the upstream flanking region. We determined its heterozygosity value in multiple populations by PCR analysis. Genotyping of one family with dominant dRTA identified the AE1 R589H mutation, and family member genotypes were compared with the CA repeat length. AE1 and vH(+)-ATPase polypeptides in kidney tissue from an AE1 R589H patient were examined by immunocytochemistry for the first time. RESULTS: This CA repeat, previously reported as D17S1183, is approximately 90 kb upstream of the AE1 gene and displayed considerable length polymorphism, with small racial differences, and a heterozygosity value of 0.56. The allele-specific length of this repeat confirmed co-segregation of the AE1 R589H mutation with the disease phenotype in a family with dominant dRTA. Immunostaining of the kidney cortex from one affected member with superimposed chronic pyelonephritis revealed vH(+)-ATPase-positive intercalated cells in which AE1 was undetectable, and proximal tubular epithelial cells with apparently enhanced apical vH(+)-ATPase staining. CONCLUSIONS: The highly polymorphic dinucleotide repeat adjacent to the human AE1 gene may be useful for future studies of disease association and haplotype analysis. Intercalated cells persist in the end-stage kidney of a patient with familial autosomal dominant dRTA associated with the AE1 R589H mutation. The absence of detectable AE1 polypeptide in those intercalated cells supports the genetic prediction that the AE1 R589H mutation indeed causes dominant dRTA. 相似文献
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Bing Feng P. Hendrik Pretorius Troy H. Farncombe Seth T. Dahlberg Manoj V. Narayanan Miles N. Wernick Anna M. Celler Jeffrey A. Leppo Michael A. King 《Journal of nuclear cardiology》2006,13(3):354-361
BACKGROUND: Dynamic single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) acquisition and reconstruction of early poststress technetium 99m teboroxime washout images has been shown to be useful in the detection of coronary disease. Assessment of poststress regional wall motion may offer additional use in assessing coronary disease. Our goal was to investigate the feasibility of simultaneously imaging myocardial ischemia and transient poststress akinesis using gated-dynamic SPECT. METHODS AND RESULTS: A gated-dynamic mathematical cardiac torso (MCAT) phantom was developed to model both teboroxime kinetics and cardiac regional wall motion. A lesion was simulated as having delayed poststress teboroxime washout together with a transient poststress wall motion abnormality. Gated projection data were created to represent a 3-headed SPECT system undergoing a total rotation of 480 degrees . The dynamic expectation-maximization reconstruction algorithm with postsmoothing across gating intervals by Wiener filtering, and the ordered-subset expectation maximization reconstruction algorithm with 3-point smoothing across gating intervals were compared. Compared with the ordered-subset expectation maximization with 3-point smoothing, the dynamic expectation-maximization algorithm with Wiener filtering was able to produce visually higher-quality images and more accurate left ventricular ejection fraction estimates. CONCLUSION: From simulations, we conclude that changing cardiac function and tracer localization possibly can be assessed by using a gated-dynamic acquisition protocol combined with a 5-dimensional reconstruction strategy. 相似文献
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The cellular complexity of the brain (some estimate that there are up to 103 different cell types) is exceeded by the synaptic complexity, with each of the ∼1011 neurons in the brain having around 103 –104 synapses. Proteomic studies of the synapse have revealed that the postsynaptic density is the most complex multiprotein structure yet identified, with ∼103 different proteins. Such studies, however, use brain tissue with many different regions and therefore different cell types, and there is clear potential for heterogeneity of protein content at different synapses within and between brain regions. Although large-scale mRNA-based assays are in progress to map this sort of complexity at the cellular level, and indeed all brain-expressed genes, analysis of protein distribution (at synapses and other structures) is still in the very early stages. We review existing large-scale protein expression studies and the specific technical obstacles that need to be overcome before applying the scaling used in nucleic acid based approaches. 相似文献
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E Roberto Orellana Joseph F Picciano Roger A Roffman Fred Swanson Seth C Kalichman 《AIDS education and prevention》2006,18(4):348-361
Providing HIV prevention services to high-risk individuals remains challenging. We assessed factors associated with nonparticipation among high-risk, sexually active MSM found eligible to participate in a brief, telephone-delivered HIV prevention trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of motivational enhancement therapy (the Sex Check). Two levels of nonparticipation are evaluated: eligible participants who did versus those who did not complete their baseline/enrollment interview, and enrolled participants who did versus those who did not attend any of their counseling sessions. Nonenrollers were younger, less educated, more closeted, and were more likely to report sex with an injection drug using partner. Enrolled participants who did not engage in their counseling session(s) were less educated, reported greater use of alcohol and drugs during sex and use of injection drugs. Innovative methods to reduce barriers to engaging high-risk, sexually active MSM in risk reduction counseling are needed. 相似文献
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