Pathophysiology and management of sensitive skin: position paper from the special interest group on sensitive skin of the International Forum for the Study of Itch (IFSI)

The special interest group on sensitive skin of the International Forum for the Study of Itch previously defined sensitive skin as a syndrome defined by the occurrence of unpleasant sensations (stinging, burning, pain, pruritus and tingling sensations) in response to stimuli that normally should not provoke such sensations. This additional paper focuses on the pathophysiology and the management of sensitive skin. Sensitive skin is not an immunological disorder but is related to alterations of the skin nervous system. Skin barrier abnormalities are frequently associated, but there is no cause and direct relationship. Further studies are needed to better understand the pathophysiology of sensitive skin – as well as the inducing factors. Avoidance of possible triggering factors and the use of well-tolerated cosmetics, especially those containing inhibitors of unpleasant sensations, might be suggested for patients with sensitive skin. The role of psychosocial factors, such as stress or negative expectations, might be relevant for subgroups of patients. To date, there is no clinical trial supporting the use of topical or systemic drugs in sensitive skin. The published data are not sufficient to reach a consensus on sensitive skin management. In general, patients with sensitive skin require a personalized approach, taking into account various biomedical, neural and psychosocial factors affecting sensitive skin.     

Ligustrazine inhibits high voltage-gated Ca~(2+) and TTX-resistant Na~+ channels of primary sensory neuron and thermal nociception in the rat:a study on peripheral mechanism

Objective Ligustrazine, also named as tetramethylpyrazine, is a compound purified from Ligusticum chuanxiong hort and has ever been testified to be a calcium antagonist. The present investigation was to determine the antinoci-ceptive effect of ligustrazine and, if any, the peripheral ionic mechanism involved. Methods Paw withdrawal Latency ( PWL) to noxious heating was measured in vivo and whole-cell patch recording was performed on small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Results Intraplantar injection of ligustrazine (0.5 mg in 25μl) significantly prolonged the withdrawal latency of ipsilateral hindpaw to noxious heating in the rat. Ligustrazine not only reversibly inhibited high-voltage gated calcium current of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron in dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 1.89 mmol/L, but also decreased tetrodotoxin (TTX) -resistant sodium current in relatively selective and dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 2.49 mmol/L. Conclusion The results suggested that ligustrazine could elevate the threshold of thermal nociception through inhibiting the high-voltage gated calcium current and TTX-resistant sodium current of DRG neuron in the rat.     

含左氧氟沙星及卷曲霉素方案治疗耐多药肺结核近期疗效分析

目的　观察和评价含左氧氟沙星和卷曲霉素联合化疗方案在耐多药肺结核 (MDR PTB)治疗中的疗效。方法　将 177例MDR PTB患者分为治疗组 88例和对照组 89例。化疗方案 :治疗组以左氧氟沙星和卷曲霉素为主 ,联合利福喷汀、异烟肼、对氨基水杨酸钠、吡嗪酰胺 ;对照组用链霉素、乙胺丁醇 ,联用药物同治疗组 ,疗程均为 2 1个月。结果　共有 16 1例患者完成化疗疗程 ,治疗组 82例 ,痰菌阴转率 83% ;对照组 79例 ,痰菌阴转率 5 8% ;痰菌阴转率治疗组明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;治疗组病灶显效率 5 0 % ,空洞闭合率 6 3% ,治疗组优于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;治疗组的药物不良反应率为 31% ,对照组为 35 % ,两组比较差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　含左氧氟沙星和卷曲霉素的方案治疗MDR PTB ,有助于痰菌阴转和病变吸收好转 ,药物不良反应低 ,值得在临床上推广应用     

缺血再灌注脑组织病理形态及脂质过氧化的动态观察

目的:探讨缺血再灌注脑组织病理形态及丙二醛含量变化的关系.方法:阻断双侧颈总动脉和椎动脉结合低血压法复制兔脑完全性缺血再灌注模型,观察心脉龙对脑组织病理形态变化及脂质过氧化的影响.结果:心脉龙能抑制膜脂质过氧化作用,且缺血再灌注脑组织丙二醛含量变化与其病理形态改变具有一致性.结论:动态观察血液丙二醛,可作为评价脑缺血性疾病治疗和预后的检测指标.     

Diterpenoids from the Roots of Agastache rugosa

从土藿香根中得到两个二萜化合物，藿香酚（２）及异藿香酚（３）。经光谱解析（ＩＲ，ＵＶ，ＨＲＭＳ及ＮＭＲ谱），确定它们的结构分别为１１，１４ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏｘｙ１２ｍｅｔｈｏｘｙ１９（４→３）ａｂｅｏａｂｉｅｔａ４，（１８），８，１１，１３ｔｅｔｒａｅｎ７ｏｎｅ（２）和１１，１４ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏｘｙ１２ｍｅｔｈｏｘｙ１９（４→３）ａｂｅｏａｂｉｅｔａ３，８，１１，１３ｔｅｔｒａｅｎ７ｏｎｅ（３）藿香酚（２）为一新的化合物，而异藿香酚（３）系首次从天然界分离得到，二者为一对异构体。     

Responses of CDKs and p53 in Delayed Ischemic Neuronal Death

Stroke is a debilitating disease that affects millions each year.While in many cases cerebral ischemic in jury can be limited by effectivw resuscitation or thrombolytic treatment,the injured neurons wither in a process known as delayed neuronal death(DND).Mounting evidence indicates that DND is not simply necrosis played out in slow motion but apoptosis is triggered.Of particular interest are two groups of signal proteins that participate in apoptosis-cyclin dependent kinases(CDKs) and p53-among a myriad of signaling events after an ischemic insult.Recent investigations have shown that CDKs,a family of enzymes initially known for their role in cell cycle regulation,are activated in injured neurons in DND.As for p53,new reports suggest that its up-regulation may represent a failed attempt to rescue in jured neurons,although its up-regulation was previously considered an indication of apoptosis.These observations thus rekindle an old quest to identify new neuroprotective targets to minimize the stroke damage.In this review,the author will examine the evidence that indicates the participation of CDKs and p53 in DND and then introduce pre-clinical data to explore CDK inhibition as a potential neuroprotective target.Finally,using CDK inhibition as an example,this paper will discuss the pertinent criteria for a viable neuroprotective strategy for ischemic in jury.     

放射性肝纤维化过程的定量研究

经＾６０Ｃｏγ线照射大鼠肝区，通过光镜、电镜和图像分析仪、宣研究了照后１年肝脏的病理改变。结果表明，３０Ｇｙ组在照射后１年内逐渐发生了放射性肝纤维化病变。在肝纤维化发生过程中，肝细胞内糖原颗凿含量进行性减少，间质中胶原纤维含量进行性增加，网状纤维于照射１－３个月呈进行性增加。     

猕猴对不同极化方向微波辐射能量吸收的研究

为提供微波辐射安全标准必要的数据，研究了不同极化方向微波辐射能量对猕猴的影响。实验在医学微波无反射室中进行，分为电场，磁场和微波传输方向极化组，辐射频率１ＧＨｚ，用红外热图技术，对暴露在三种极化方向电磁场中猕猴面部各解剖特片部位及胸部在辐射前后进行温度变化的定量分析。