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1.
A New Approach to Percutaneous Subclavian Venipuncture to Avoid Lead Fracture or Central Venous Catheter Occlusion 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
JEAN E. MAGNEY DAVID H. STAPLIN DAVID M. FLYNN DAVID W. HUNTER 《Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE》1993,16(11):2133-2142
Pacemaker and defibrillator leads and central venous catheters placed by commonly recommended techniques have been found to pass through the subclavius muscle, the costocaracoid ligament, or the costoclavicular ligament before entering veins medial to the first rib. Entrapment by these soft tissues subjects leads and catheters to stresses imposed by movements of the ipsilateral upper extremity. Accordingly, a new approach has been developed that introduces the lead or catheter into the subciavian vein near the lateral border of the first rib. This placement avoids soft tissue entrapment and may extend the longevity of leads and catheters. 相似文献
2.
Enteral feeding has been shown to be as effective as primary therapy for Crohn's disease, but it requires high patient motivation, may be unpalatable and is expensive. However, in adolescents with growth failure and when corticosteroid therapy is contra-indicated or has failed, it may become the treatment of choice. Furthermore, dietary therapy allows circumvention of the adverse side-effects of repeated courses of steroids.
A number of different hypotheses have been proposed to explain the effect of enteral feeds but none has reached universal acceptance. Prospective trials suggest that the exclusion of whole protein is not necessary. Comparison of feeds with differing composition suggests that a low fat content increases efficacy and various explanations have been offered. The reduction of colonic bacterial load may also be important.
Because symptoms of Crohn's disease may be provoked by eating, there is a risk of falsely attributing symptoms to specific foodstuffs. However, in many individuals foods can be identified which affect disease activity, and their exclusion leads to prolongation of disease remission. Dietetic supervision during food testing is important to avoid detrimental effects on nutrient and micronutrient intake. 相似文献
A number of different hypotheses have been proposed to explain the effect of enteral feeds but none has reached universal acceptance. Prospective trials suggest that the exclusion of whole protein is not necessary. Comparison of feeds with differing composition suggests that a low fat content increases efficacy and various explanations have been offered. The reduction of colonic bacterial load may also be important.
Because symptoms of Crohn's disease may be provoked by eating, there is a risk of falsely attributing symptoms to specific foodstuffs. However, in many individuals foods can be identified which affect disease activity, and their exclusion leads to prolongation of disease remission. Dietetic supervision during food testing is important to avoid detrimental effects on nutrient and micronutrient intake. 相似文献
3.
P. D. REYNOLDS S. J. MIDDLETON M. SHORTHOUSE J. O. HUNTER 《Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics》1995,9(5):491-495
Aims and Methods: To determine the effect of aminosalicylic acid derivatives on the concentration of nitric oxide produced in a cell-free system, by the use of a sensitive and specific polarographic meter. Results: The aminosalicylic acid derivatives 3-ASA (IC50 100 μm ), 4-ASA (IC50 350 μm ) and 5-ASA (IC50 5 μm ) all decreased the nitric oxide signal. These drugs had a similar inhibitory effect on the formation in vitro of nitrite from sodium nitroprusside (IC50 200 μm , 500 μm and 100 μm , respectively). Sulphasalazine (31.1 ± 5% decrease in signal at 1 mm ) was less effective than 5-ASA, but sulphapyridine, N-acetyl 5-ASA, indomethacin and hydrocortisone produced no decrease in nitric oxide signal at all. Conclusions: Nitric oxide binding may be part of the mechanism by which ASA derivatives exert their therapeutic effect, and this work suggests that it may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. 相似文献
4.
GP SCHWAB AL BLUM E BODNER B DALLEMAGNE K GLASER H KOOP F PACE W RÖSCH JR SIEWERT G WETSCHER 《Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology》1997,12(12):785-789
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract. With the introduction of proton pump inhibitors medical treatment of GERD has been significantly improved. However, the development of laparoscopic antireflux surgery resulted in an increasing interest of surgeons in this disease. An interactive meeting was organized in order to develop an agreement between gastoenterologists and surgeons regarding therapeutic decisions and this is the main topic of this paper. 相似文献
5.
C. A. HUNTER § F. W. JENNINGS† P. G. E. KENNEDY‡ M. MURRAY 《Neuropathology and applied neurobiology》1992,18(6):619-625
The treatment of human African sleeping sickness is complicated by a post-treatment meningoencephalitis that may be fatal. Using a mouse model this study assesses the use of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, azathioprine, in the management of this post-treatment reaction. Female NIH mice treated with the trypanocidal compound diminazene aceturate (40 mg/kg), 28 days after infection, developed a similar post-treatment reaction to that seen in humans. Administration of azathioprine (100 mg/kg) for 5 days before and 5 days after trypanocidal chemotherapy abrogated the pathology in the central nervous system although this returned approximately 15 days after cessation of azathioprine. Activated astrocytes associated with the later stages of the infection did not appear to be affected by the use of azathioprine. 相似文献
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The pharmacokinetic profiles of atracurium and one of its derivatives,laudanosine were studied following an i.v. bolus of atracurium0.6 mg kg1 administered to eight patients with hepaticcirrhosis and to seven healthy controls. The central volumeof distribution of atracurium was greater in the patients withcirrhosis (104.6 ml kg1) compared with the controls (69.6ml kg1) (P < 0.05), as was the total volume of distribution(281.8 ml kg1 and 202.1 ml kg1, respectively)(P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the eliminationhalf-life of atracurium between the two groups. The total volumeof distribution of laudanosine was increased in cirrhotic patients(2.68 litre kg1) compared with healthy controls (1.97litre kg1) (P < 0.05), as was its elimination half-life(277 min in cirrhotic individuals; 168 min in controls) (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the clearanceof laudanosine between the two groups. 相似文献
10.
Missense FGFR3 mutations create cysteine residues in thanatophoric dwarfism type I (TD1) 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
Rousseau F; el Ghouzzi V; Delezoide AL; Legeai-Mallet L; Le Merrer M; Munnich A; Bonaventure J 《Human molecular genetics》1996,5(4):509-512
Thanatophoric dwarfism (TD) is a sporadic lethal skeletal dysplasia with
micromelic shortening of the limbs, macrocephaly, platyspondyly and reduced
thoracic cavity. In the most common subtype (TD1), femurs are curved, while
in TD2, straight femurs are associated with cloverleaf skull. Mutations in
the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene were identified in
both subtypes. While TD2 was accounted for by a single recurrent mutation
in the tyrosine kinase 2 domain, TD1 resulted from either stop codon
mutations or missense mutations in the extracellular domain of the gene.
Here, we report the identification of FGFR3 mutations in 25/26 TD cases.
Two novel missense mutations (Y373C and G370C) were detected in 8/26 and
1/26 TD1 cases respectively. Both mutations created cysteine residues in
the juxta extramembrane domain of the receptor. Sixteen cases carried the
previously reported R248C (9/26 cases), S249C (2/26 cases) or stop codon
FGFR3 mutations (5/26 cases). Our results suggest that TD1 is a genetically
homogeneous condition and give additional support to the view that newly
created cysteine residues in the extracellular domain of the protein play a
key role in the severity of the disease.
相似文献