中医药治疗慢性前列腺炎研究概况

综述近年中医药治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床研究,认为本病病因病机之核心在于脾肾亏虚为本,湿热、痰浊、瘀毒为标,病久则伤及脾肾,由实转虚。中医内治法主要以辨证论治、辨病论治或单方验方为主,外治法以中药洗浴、中药灌肠、肛门给药、针灸为主。中医药治疗本病优势明显。应继续完善对中医药作用机制的认识,制订统一的辨证论治及疗效评价标准,针对效果显著的名方开展研究。     

心脏跳动下修补小儿室间隔缺损的临床研究

目的　探讨在浅低温体外循环心脏跳动下完成小儿室间隔缺损修补术的可行性。方法　 18例小儿室间隔缺损随机分为观察组和对照组 ,观察组在浅低温体外循环心跳下修补室间隔缺损 ,对照组为常规心脏停跳下修补室间缺损。测定心肌同功酶释放和三磷酸腺苷 ,观察左室压力 ,评价术野显露及气栓预防效果等。结果　观察组心肌同功酶释放明显低于对照组 ,三磷酸腺苷含量明显高于对照组 ,心肌超微结构基本正常 ,术中左室压力低于主动脉压力 ,术后无气栓发生。结论　浅低温体外循环心脏跳动下行小儿室间隔缺损修补术能更好地保护心肌。术野显露技术和防气栓的方法简便可行。     

产后并发症341例分析

报告本院1981年1月至1985年12月,住院分娩4588例中产后并发症341例,发病率为7.43％。其中,产后出血1189例,占4.12％;分娩损伤71例,占1.55％;其它产后病81例,占1.76％。妊娠41—42周并发症发生率为11.14％;超过42周高达15.56％。分娩方式以剖腹产术后并发症最多,占12.48％,提示应对手术中无菌操作与环境,以及分娩后处理应予以足够重视。     

肠梗阻的临床进展

将近5年来有关肠梗阻的新诊治方法作一综述，结论如下：①B超、CT和76％泛影葡胺口服造影等对肠梗阻诊断有重要临床价值。②腹腔镜小肠梗阻手术是最能体现微创技术优越性的手术之一。③EPII应以非手术疗法为主。     

新生儿血糖监测（附32例临床分析）

应用英国产“ＨＹＰＯＣＯＵＮＴＧＡ”微量血糖测定仪（氧化酶光电比色法）对同期住院新生儿不分病种连续３天进行空腹血糖监测。结果在原发疾病情况下表现出低血糖发生频率高，而低血糖症状又被原发疾病所掩盖。在３２例中足月儿２３例，足月小样儿４例，早产儿５例，在３２例９６次监测中发现低血糖１４例，其中足月儿９例，早产儿５例．发病率为４３．７％；高血糖３例。无一例死亡。提示：新生儿患病情况下，易发生低血糖，其发生与疾病、孕周有关而与体重无关。因此，在新生儿期必须注意及时喂养与补充葡萄糖，防止低血糖时间过长对脑部造成损伤。     

单一电铃电路条件性行为疗法在建立儿童自主排尿反射中的作用研究

本工作在于探讨单一电铃电路条件性训练在建立儿童自主排尿反射中的治疗作用。采用新型研制的电铃电路床单，将电铃声刺激与膀胱充盈刺激有效的吻合起来，夜间训练遗尿患儿清醒后自主排尿。对年龄５～１０岁，经多项检查诊断确定为功能性遗尿的患儿（男１８名，女４名）２２人施行条件性行为训练方法。临睡的铺平电铃电路床单、患儿遗尿初期浸湿床单，引起铃响（患儿不惊醒时由母亲唤醒），患儿起床自主排尿。采用阳性强化法对患儿自主排尿进行巩固，给予原发以及继发性奖赏。结果：单一电铃电路条件性训练平均１２个有效治疗日后，９４．９７％（１８／１９）患儿遗尿症状消失，其中效果最佳者仅用了３个有效治疗日，最后长的达３０个有效治疗日，２人因故中断治疗，１人治疗无效。可见，单一行为方法是一条治疗儿童功能性遗尿的有效措施。     

细胞凋亡相关新基因TFAR19(PDCD5)研究进展

细胞凋亡是在一定的生理或病理条件下。由基因控制的细胞自我毁灭过程。凋亡异常与许多疾病(尤其是肿瘤)的形成及发展进程密切相关。细胞凋亡调控机制研究证明。多种基因(如P53、C-myc、Bcl-2、Bax等)参与了细胞凋亡的调控过程。TFAR19基因是由我国科研人员最近新发现的另一重要的凋亡相关基因，笔者主要就其结构特点、性质功能、临床意义作一概述。     

Long-term application of diethylstilbestrol upregulates expressions of μ- and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe of female Wistar rats

BACKGROUND: During formation of prolactin neoplasia, how cells and its structure in adenohypophysis affect prolactin cells should be further studied. Intermediate lobe can be regarded as a driving region to release prolactin (PRL) and may promote formation of prolactin neoplasia in pituitary anterior lobe. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the expressions of μ and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe of female Wistar rats. DESIGN: Observational contrast animal study. SETTING: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute. MATERIALS: A total of 21 female Wistar rats, 3 weeks old weighing 70–80 g were housed with free access to tap water and standard pellet food. They were kept in a CL-grade condition, at (24±1)℃ and a humidity of (55±5)%, and with a 12 hours day-night cycle. Caprine anti-μ- and m-calpains antibodies were provided by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA; rabbit-anti-PRL antibodies by Dako, Denmark; rabbit-anti-ACTH antibody by Boster Company, Wuhan. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Pathophysiological Department and Animal Laboratory, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute from August 2006 to January 2007. ① Rats were randomly divided into groups with 7 in each group, including vehicle control group, in which rats were injected intraperitoneally with sun-flower seed oil (1 mL/kg, twice a week) for 16 weeks; DES group, where animals were administered with DES (5 mg/kg, twice a week) for 16 weeks; DES + vehicle control group, in which DES was administered for 12 weeks at the same dose with those in DES group, and then was discontinued and replaced by sun-flower seed oil (1 mL/kg, twice a week) for the following 4 weeks. ② At 16 weeks later, pituitary tissue was dealt with HE staining and PRL immunohistochemical examination to observe evoke of tumor; meanwhile, immunohistochemical examination was used to observe expression of PRL of pituitary anterior lobe, expressions of μ- and m-calpains of pituitary intermediate lobe and distribution of adrenocorticotropin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Expression of PRL of pituitary anterior lobe, expressions of μ- and m-calpains of pituitary intermediate lobe and distribution of adrenocorticotropin. ② Morphological observation of pituitary tissue. RESULTS: All 21 rats were involved in the final analysis. ① Results of immunohistochemical examination: Morphological changes of neoplasia in DES group were strongly positive to PRL, and this suggested that formation of prolactin adenoma was observed in pituitary tissue. As compared with vehicle control group, expression of adrenoeorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was increased in both DES group and DES + vehicle control group. In addition, expressions of μ- and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe were higher in DES group than that in vehicle control group. Otherwise, expressions of m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe was decreased in DES + vehicle control group, but expression of μ-calpains was still increased. ② Morphological observation of pituitary tissue: Gland tubes were orderly arranged in rats in vehicle control group. Anterior pituitary gland in rats of DES group demonstrated an apparent disappearance of gland tubes and a relatively large-scaled vasculature formation, namely the vascular lake lined by tightly arranged endothelial cells. Local integrated tumor cell arrangements were also detected. In addition, the border between the IL and the anterior lobe was locally blurred. The definite tumor-like changes in pituitary tissues were confirmed in 6 of 7 female Wistar rats in DES group, and one spontaneous occurrence of tumor formation was found in vehicle control group. In DES + vehicle control group, DES withdrawal led to the subtile emergence of gland tube cavity, although tumor-like cells still existed in 4 of 7 rats, suggesting occurrence of the tumor regression due to the withdrawal of DES. CONCLUSION: A long-term application of DES can enhance the expressions of ubiquitours neutral cysteine protease in pituitary intermediate lobe and this suggests that both of them play a key role in release of hormone and formation of prolactin neoplasia through directly promoting PRL expression and release of neighboring pituitary intermediate lobe.     

Data Bank and Consulting System for Medical Management of Patiens with Acute Radiation Sickness

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实验性激活黑质对大鼠癫痫发作时脑电图的影响

为探讨黑质抗癫痫作用的神经化学机制，实验用大鼠４０只，１２０万Ｕ青霉素（ｉｐ）诱发其癫痫（ＥＥＧ）发作．高波幅尖波连续发放型癫痫放电稳定时：（１）电刺激黑质（１０Ｈｚ、６Ｖ、０．２ｍｓ）即刻出现癫痫放电频率下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），连续刺激２５ｍｉｎ，效应最明显时停止电刺激，癫痫放电频率随即恢复，（２）黑质内微量注射多巴胺（ＤＡ）受体激动剂盐酸阿朴吗啡５μｇ，出现癫痫放电频率抑制现象（Ｐ＜０．０５），持续６０ｍｉｎ以上，部分动作癫痫放电消失后不再复现．（３）黑质内微量注射γ氨基丁酸（ＧＡＢＡ）４～５μｇ，明显易化大鼠癫痫放电频率（Ｐ＜０．０１），４０ｍｉｎ后癫痫放电频率大约是用药前的５倍，该效应可以被黑质内微量注射印防己毒素５μｇ阻断．结果提示：激活黑质ＤＡ系统功能活动有利于对抗青霉素致大鼠癫痫发作．