Innate immunity of surfactant protein A and D in urinary tract infection with uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Objective To investigate the role of surfactant protein (SP) - A and SP - D in urinary tract infection mouse model, and evaluate the effects of SP-A and SP-D absence on urinary tract infection. Methods SP-A and SP-D double knockout (SP-A/D KO) mice were made. SP-A/D KO and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 female mice were used for this study. The expression of SP-A and SP-D in kidney was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The levels of p - p38 and p38 protein in kidneys were measured by Western blotting. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli or buffer was delivered into the bladder of female mice. At 24 and 48 h after inoculation, CFU of Escherichia coli in the kidney and urine of the treated and control mice were measured. Histological, cellular and molecular analysis were performed by several methods of H/E staining, IHC and Western blotting. The effects of SP-A and SP-D on bacterial growth were studied in vitro. Results SP-A and SP-D in kidney were located in the proximal tubules and collecting tubules. Compared with WT mice, infected SP - A/D KO mice with UPEC had higher CFU in kidneys and urine at 24 h and 48 h, increased inflammatory cells infiltration in kidneys（P＜0.05）. Compared with WT mice, SP - A/D KO mice had higher p38 MAPK phosphorylation levels in kidneys（P＜0.05）. Growth of Escherichia coli was greatly inhibited by both SP-A and SP-D（P＜0.05）. Conclusions Both SP-A and SP-D are expressed in kidney. SP-A and SP-D can attenuate UTI induced by UPEC which may be through inhibiting bacterial growth and modulating renal inflammation.     

Smooth muscle relaxant activities of compounds isolated from malaysian medicinal plants on rat aorta and guinea-pig ileum

Muscle relaxant activities of six compounds isolated from Malaysian medicinal plants were investigated on the smooth muscles of the rat aorta and longitudinal muscle of the guinea-pig ileum. Except for goniothalamin, the other five compounds exhibited varying degrees of muscle relaxant activities on the two smooth muscles. Dicentrine, isocorydine, altholactone and usnic acid reduced the contractions to KCI and phenylephrine in the rat aorta, whilst atranorin slightly reduced the contractions to phenylephrine but not KCI. In addition, dicentrine and isocorydine markedly reduced the contractile response to phenylephrine in Ca²⁺-free Krebs solution. In the longitudinal muscle of the guinea-pig ileum, altholactone, atranorin, dicentrine and isocorydine inhibited to a greater extent the phasic than the tonic responses to KCI. All four compounds similarly inhibited the contractions induced by ACh. The results suggest that the relaxant activities of the compounds are attributed mainly to inhibition of Ca²⁺ influx via the calcium channels in the membrane of the smooth muscles. Furthermore, the greater sensitivity of dicentrine, isocorydine and altholactone against phenylephrine-induced contractions or KCI-induced phasic contractions are due to their abilities to inhibit intracellular Ca²⁺ release in these muscles.     

透明细胞性肾细胞癌在不同组织学分类中的比较研究

比较2004年WHO肾细胞癌组织学分类标准与1997年WHO及更早的分类标准的异同,总结常见的诊断差异及可能原因,纠正及更新对肾细胞癌的传统病理分类的观念。方法:收集天津医科大学肿瘤医院2004年2月至2008年2月间,根治性肾切除术后病理诊断为透明性肾细胞癌249例,按2004年WHO肾癌组织学分类标准重新分类,并收集相关临床资料进行分析。结果:原分类法的249例透明细胞癌,经重新分类后,发现透明细胞癌176例,乳头状肾细胞癌42例,嫌色细胞癌5例,多房性囊性肾细胞癌3例,混合型肾细胞癌23例（透明细胞癌+乳头状肾细胞癌21例,乳头状肾细胞癌+嫌色性肾细胞癌2例）。结论:部分乳头状肾细胞癌与嫌色肾细胞癌过去易被诊断为透明细胞癌,两者具有相似的胞浆特点,及对其组织学特点认识不清是其主要原因;中国人乳头状肾细胞癌的发病率与国外相近,且其亚型的分类及诊断有待进一步的研究。      

药物对TNF诱导的牛脑微血管平滑肌细胞增值的拮抗作用

研究表明,肿瘤坏死因子(TNH)在50～5000U·mL^-1范围内呈剂量依赖性地诱导牛脑微血管平滑肌细胞增殖,TNF与该细胞培养24h时,即可明显刺激细胞增殖,48h时达最大刺激效应。欧芹素乙(imperatorin,Imp),异欧芹素乙(iso-imperatorin,Isi)在浓度为10^-6～10^-4mol·L^-1时,均可剂量依赖性地拮抗TNF诱导该细胞增殖。6-(α,α-二苯基乙酰哌嗪基苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-甲基-3(2H)哒嗪酮,6-(α-苯基乙酰哌嗪基苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-甲基-3(2H)哒嗪酮,则只在低浓度(10^-6mol·L^-1)时拮抗TNF诱导该细胞的增殖。     

兔眼视网膜厚度的光学相干断层扫描测量与组织学检查的相关性研究

目的 探讨兔眼视网膜厚度的光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)检测与组织学检查结果的相关性。 方法 采用OCT对16只兔眼视网膜进行扫描,然后对相应部位的视网膜作组织切片检查。OCT成像截面采用人工辅助(需要检查者对反射界面进行人工定位)和电脑自动测量两种方法进行分析。 结果 两种OCT检查法测得的视网膜厚度与组织学检查结果有良 好的相关性。OCT人工辅助检查法(γ＝0.84,P＜0.001)较电脑自动测量方法(γ＝0.66,P＜0.01)的相关性略好。前者测量的误差范围( 95%可信限)较小,在－2．99～5.13μm之间,而后者则高达11.09μm。 结论 OCT能准确定量检测兔眼视网膜厚度;部分OCT成像截面可能因电脑机械测量而产生误差,通过人眼识别给予矫正后能提高检查的准确性。 （中华眼底病杂志,2000,16：71-138）     

要使查寻科技期刊论文方便快捷I.应考虑的诸方面

只有查寻到论文出处,才能见到论文,然而,期刊中的论文查寻常因作者提供的资料含糊不全或编辑和出版者提供的信息不够充分而遇到困难。因此,编辑和出版者有必要为他们期刊中的论文查寻提供方便——他们应遵循某些基本规则。这些规则主要与一种期刊作为一个整体的外观、一期期刊的外观以及每篇论文特别是论文首页的外观有关。对于应考虑的最重要的诸方面都作了阐述。     

21世纪的编辑人才素质与培养

21世纪科技期刊编辑工作具有新的特点,而读者的心理与行为也将有巨大的变化,对编辑人才素质提出了更高的要求,探讨编辑人才的培养是当前编辑出版界关注的热点。创设优良的成长环境,让编辑学会扮演好自己的角色,建立起适宜的“压任务”和“担担子”的激励机制,培养出合格的编辑人才,才能适应21世纪对编辑工作的需要。     

科技编辑突出重点方法初探

对科技编辑突出重点方法的内容、方法论意义、理论依据及其在编辑活动的实际应用进行初步探讨。科技编辑突出重点方法渗透于从选题、组稿、审读、加工、出版、发行到经营管理的各个环节,将其合理应用,对于提高编辑工作效率是十分有益的。     

科技期刊插图形态结构及布局的审美分析

准确、精美的插图不仅能起到活跃和美化版面的作用,还可以引发读者的阅读审美兴趣,从而使科技期刊真正能发挥它的科学指导作用。本文通过对科技期刊插图的审美分析,认为插图的形态结构及平面布局是影响其审美效果的关键。     

Logistic回归分析食管静脉曲张破裂出血的危险因素*

目的 探讨与肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血（EVB）相关的危险因素,寻找一种有效预测EVB发生的无创检测指标。方法 回顾性分析168例肝硬化患者的临床资料,其中出血85例,非出血83例,对可能影响EVB发生的临床指标进行分析,将有显著性差异的因素进行单因素Logistic回归分析,然后对两组中有统计学意义的因素进行多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。结果 两组患者性别、年龄、病因分布差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;出血患者门静脉直径（DPV）、脾静脉直径（DSV）和脾脏指数（SI）分别为（1.48±0.28） cm、（1.08±0.19） cm和（72.54±16.69）cm2,显著高于非出血组[分别为（1.34±0.29） cm、（1.18±0.25） cm和（66.98±19.21） cm2,P＜0.05];出血患者血Na+和血小板/脾长径比值分别为（139.45±3.41） mmol/L和（5.05±2.07）×109/L?cm-1,显著低于非出血组[分别为（140.66±4.41） mmol/L和（8.99±4.36）×109/L?cm-1,P＜0.05];出血组Child-Pugh分级与非出血组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;单因素Logistic回归分析显示两组间DPV、DSV、血小板计数与脾脏长径比值和Child-Pugh分级差异均有统计学意义（OR值分别为6.832、7.283、0.655、2.129,P＜0.05）,多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示血小板计数与脾脏长径比值（OR=0.685,P=0.000）是肝硬化患者发生EVB的独立危险因素。结论 血小板计数与脾脏长径比值可作为肝硬化患者发生EVB的无创预测指标。