Reframing climate change as a public health issue: an exploratory study of public reactions

Background  

Climate change is taking a toll on human health, and some leaders in the public health community have urged their colleagues to give voice to its health implications. Previous research has shown that Americans are only dimly aware of the health implications of climate change, yet the literature on issue framing suggests that providing a novel frame - such as human health - may be potentially useful in enhancing public engagement. We conducted an exploratory study in the United States of people's reactions to a public health-framed short essay on climate change.     

Changes of circulating TNF and its effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa septic shock in rabbits

Itiswellknownthatcertaincytokinesplayapivotalroleinthedevelopmentoftraumaandshock.Tumornecrosisfactor(TNF)isapolypep-tiedcytokinesynthesizedinmonocytesandmacrophagesinresponsetolipopolysaccharide(LPS)stimulation-TherelationshipbetweenTNFandendotoxic-septicshockbecomesafocusoftheresearchofshockmediators[1'2].Alargeamountofexperimentalandclinicaldata[3-9JsuggestthatTNFplaysanimportantroleinthepathogenesisofendotoxic-septicshockbuttheprecisemechanismandtherelationshipofTNFtoshockseverityrem…     

A comparative study of using comet assay and gammaH2AX foci formation in the detection of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced DNA damage.

Comet assay is a useful technique in the detection of DNA damages, particularly DNA strand breaks; and it has been utilized to show that a potent carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), can induce such damages. Recently, gammaH2AX foci formation has been suggested as another sensitive way to detect DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). However, there is no systematic comparison being conducted to evaluate the consistency of these two methods. Using MNNG as a model chemical, the sensitivity of neutral comet assay and gammaH2AX foci formation in detecting MNNG-induced damage was studied. It was found that at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 microg/ml, both methods can detect MNNG-induced damage in human amnion FL cells. However, at 0.1 microg/ml, comet assay revealed more percentage of cells with DNA damage than gammaH2AX fluorescence revealed. On the other hand, while gammaH2AX foci were readily formed at very early times by 10 microg/ml MNNG treatment, neutral comet assay did not detect any significant DNA damage at the same time points. In addition, 10 microg/ml MNNG induced a distinct whole nuclei staining pattern of gammaH2AX, a type of DNA damage which was not detected by neutral comet assay but could be detected by alkaline comet assay. Therefore, gammaH2AX may be used as a sensitive indicator for DNA damage.     

CT-guided stereotactic injection of radionuclide in treatment of brain tumors.

140 patients with brain tumor were treated by CT-guided stereotactic injections of radionuclides, such as Aurum-198 (198 Au), Phosphorus-32 (32 P) and Yttrium-90 (90Y). Of these patients aged from 3 to 67 years (average 37), 64 were male and 76 female. Astrocytoma was found in 75 patients, craniopharyngioma in 46, metastatic carcinoma in 7, meningioma in 5, germinoma in 4 and pituitary adenoma in 3. The tumors were located in the deep part or functionally critical area of the brain. After 267 times of injection of colloidal isotopes, no major adverse effects or complications occurred. Follow-up for 6 to 48 months showed improvement in symptoms in 104 (74.3%) patients and CT scanning showed the diminished tumors.

     

氧氟沙星薄膜包衣片的制备及其相对生物利用度测定

本文采用国产原料试制氧氟沙星薄膜包衣片，并与日本第一制药株式会社生产的片剂进行了体外溶 出度、休内相对生物利用度比较。休内血清药物浓度采用HPLC法测定。自制片剂与进口片剂生物等效。     

医疗卫生单位的后勤社会化管理与改革

相对于我国企业改革的发展,医疗卫生单位后勤管理与改革不仅起步较晚,而且力度不大,步伐不快。以往的医疗卫生单位后勤往往面面俱到,造成了严重的经济负担和社会资源的浪费。因此,医疗卫生单位后勤改革势在必行。     

塑料镜片材料的发展动向

概述光学塑料的基本材料，讨论塑料镜片材料的主要品种及其应用，并着重分析影响塑料镜片材料性能的主要因素及其发展趋势。     

薄层色谱溶剂系统的最优化方法——Ⅵ.均匀设计法的再探讨

就第Ⅱ报及第Ⅴ报提出的用于选取薄层色谱最佳溶剂系统的均匀设计法进行了进一步的改进及实验验证,使其更趋完善。结果表明,该法不仅适用于已知混合物,而且适用于未知混合物,是一种比较简捷、快速且行之有效的方法。     

Osteopontin affects the persistence of beta-glucan-induced hepatic granuloma formation and tissue injury through two distinct mechanisms

Osteopontin (OPN) plays a pivotal role in various immune responses and inflammatory diseases. OPN is expressed in various granulomatous diseases; however, the cellular and molecular role of OPN in these diseases is not well known. We analyzed the role of OPN in a beta-glucan-induced hepatic granuloma model. First, we found that neither OPN deficiency nor overexpression of OPN affected the number and the size of hepatic granulomas at day 7, indicating that OPN is not involved in the formation of hepatic granulomas at the early stages. Importantly, OPN did not influence the liver tissue damage as defined by alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels at early stages. Second, OPN deficiency resulted in the reduction of IL-12 and IFN-gamma production at early stages. Third, at late stages, OPN deficiency resulted in a decrease in the number and size of hepatic granulomas, and a reduction of liver tissue injury. This was due to the reduction of the cellular recruitment including macrophages, CD4 T cells and dendritic cells into the liver, and the reduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production in the liver. In contrast, overexpression of OPN resulted in the persistence of granuloma formation. These data suggest that OPN affects the persistence of hepatic granuloma formation. Our results indicate that OPN up-regulates the production of IL-12 and IFN-gamma within the granulomas at early stages, and OPN has an additional role in the regulation of cellular recruitment and TNF-alpha production at late stages that determine the severity of liver tissue injury.     

Effect of osteopontin alleles on beta-glucan-induced granuloma formation in the mouse liver

The granuloma formation is a host defense response against persistent irritants. Osteopontin is centrally involved in the formation of granulomas. Three osteopontin alleles, designated a, b, and c, have been found in mice. Here we used a murine model of zymosan (beta-glucan)-induced granuloma formation in the liver to determine possible functional differences between the osteopontin alleles in cell-mediated immunity. In contrast to mice with alleles a or c, mice with the allele b was defective in granuloma formation. As detected by mRNA expression, cytokines and chemokines known to be critically involved in granuloma formation were elicited in liver tissue, regardless of the osteopontin allele expressed. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences showed that unlike osteopontin c, b differs from a in 11 amino acids. All three osteopontin alleles had normal cell-binding properties. However, only the b allelic form was defective in the induction of cell migration as tested with dendritic cells. In conclusion, generation of a granulomatous response in mice depends critically on the presence of a functional osteopontin allele. Defective granuloma formation in mice with allele b is likely to be because of an impaired chemotactic function of the osteopontin b protein on immunocompetent cells.