全文获取类型
收费全文 | 396篇 |
免费 | 43篇 |
国内免费 | 12篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 2篇 |
儿科学 | 28篇 |
妇产科学 | 74篇 |
基础医学 | 14篇 |
口腔科学 | 12篇 |
临床医学 | 46篇 |
内科学 | 53篇 |
皮肤病学 | 2篇 |
神经病学 | 17篇 |
特种医学 | 42篇 |
外科学 | 14篇 |
综合类 | 8篇 |
预防医学 | 107篇 |
眼科学 | 8篇 |
药学 | 12篇 |
肿瘤学 | 12篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 6篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 6篇 |
2019年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 18篇 |
2016年 | 10篇 |
2015年 | 9篇 |
2014年 | 13篇 |
2013年 | 25篇 |
2012年 | 10篇 |
2011年 | 15篇 |
2010年 | 11篇 |
2009年 | 16篇 |
2008年 | 16篇 |
2007年 | 14篇 |
2006年 | 9篇 |
2005年 | 7篇 |
2004年 | 9篇 |
2003年 | 5篇 |
2002年 | 6篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1943年 | 2篇 |
1939年 | 1篇 |
1937年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有451条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
2.
I S Mashini L D Devoe J S McKenzie H A Hadi D M Sherline 《Obstetrics and gynecology》1987,69(1):74-78
Intermittent nipple stimulation has been proposed as a substitute for exogenous oxytocin infusion in the performance of contraction stress tests. To compare the uterine activity produced by these two methods, we studied a group of 45 term pregnant women undergoing indicated inductions of labor. Twenty-five patients had nipple stimulation and 20 patients received oxytocin infusions according to a study protocol. The two groups were similar in all obstetric parameters. Pre- and posttest uterine activity was measured by internal tocodynamometry and quantified in Montevideo units. A significant increase in uterine activity occurred in both groups (P less than .01). Regular uterine activity (three contractions in ten minutes) was achieved more rapidly (P less than .005), but at a lower level (P less than .001) in the nipple stimulation group. Pre- and posttest tonus did not change significantly in either group. In the nipple stimulation group, five patients (20%) did not achieve adequate contraction patterns after 15 stimulation-rest cycles (a total of 110 minutes) and three subjects (12%) experienced uterine hyperstimulation. These observations suggest that exogenous oxytocin and intermittent nipple stimulation may not have equivalent effects on uterine contractility. Therefore, it may not be justified to substitute one technique for the other or to use the same criteria for interpretation of contraction stress tests produced by both techniques. 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
We report microchromatographic measurement of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) proportions in a 36-year-old African-American multigravida woman. At 34 weeks she delivered a 630-g male infant who subsequently did well. Hemoglobin electrophoresis of the hemolysate revealed nearly 100% HbF without HbA, an extremely unusual naturally occurring sample. Family studies revealed a combination of hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) and beta zero-thalassemia minor. Southern blot technique confirmed heterozygous alpha 2 thalassemia and HPFH but failed to identify the beta thalassemic lesion. The absence of HbA and the very high amounts of HbF led us to measure HbF by several methods to confirm the accuracy of microchromatography of HbF at values approaching 100%. HPLC revealed a 14% F1 suggestive of microchromatographic underestimation due to glycated HbF. We conclude that cation-exchange microchromatography and the Betke method of alkali denaturation underestimate HbF values as they approach 100% and do not recommend these procedures in this rare situation. 相似文献
6.
Maternal hypercoagulability in normal pregnancy results from significant increases in blood factors that promote thrombosis or decreases in factors that inhibit thrombosis, such as antithrombin III (AT-III) and proteins C and S. The precise role of these factors in puerperal hemostasis is not clear. In 10 normal, pregnant women at term undergoing scheduled repeat cesarean section, the percent activities of AT-III, proteins C and S, and C4b-binding protein were determined in peripheral venous blood preoperatively and in samples of uterine venous blood before the uterine incision was made and 5 and 15 minutes after placental delivery using the Laurell Rocket electroimmunodiffusion technique. The mean percent activities of AT-III (73%), protein S (81%) and C4b-binding protein (85%) were lower than those in nonpregnant controls, were similar in peripheral and uterine venous blood and were unchanged after placental delivery. These data suggest that such factors may not play an important role in acute uteroplacental hemostasis during normal pregnancy. 相似文献
7.
Jolinda LD Schram Joost Oude Groeniger Merel Schuring Karin I Proper Sandra H van Oostrom Suzan JW Robroek Alex Burdorf 《Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health》2021,47(2):127
Objective:Using a novel mediation method that presents unbiased results even in the presence of exposure–mediator interactions, this study estimated the extent to which working conditions and health behaviors contribute to educational inequalities in self-rated health in the workforce.Methods:Respondents of the longitudinal Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) in 16 countries were selected, aged 50–64 years, in paid employment at baseline and with information on education and self-rated health (N=15 028). Education, health behaviors [including body mass index (BMI)] and working conditions were measured at baseline and self-rated health at baseline and two-year follow-up. Causal mediation analysis with inverse odds weighting was used to estimate the total effect of education on self-rated health, decomposed into a natural direct effect (NDE) and natural indirect effect (NIE).Results:Lower educated workers were more likely to perceive their health as poor than higher educated workers [relative risk (RR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37–1.60]. They were also more likely to have unfavorable working conditions and unhealthy behaviors, except for alcohol consumption. When all working conditions were included, the remaining NDE was RR 1.30 (95% CI 1.15–1.44). When BMI and health behaviors were included, the remaining NDE was RR 1.40 (95% CI 1.27–1.54). Working conditions explained 38% and health behaviors and BMI explained 16% of educational inequalities in health. Including all mediators explained 64% of educational inequalities in self-rated health.Conclusions:Working conditions and health behaviors explain over half of the educational inequalities in self-rated health. To reduce health inequalities, improving working conditions seems to be more important than introducing health promotion programs in the workforce. 相似文献
8.
Chauhan SP Magann EF Morrison JC Gunter AD Whitworth NS Devoe LD 《Journal of the Mississippi State Medical Association》2000,41(3):516-520
To determine if sonographic examination of fetus can be readily utilized to predict a mature lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio among twins and singletons. Twins (n = 36) undergoing amniocentesis for assessment of pulmonary maturity were matched with singleton (1:2) for maternal demographics, gestational age (GA), and indications for procedure. At the time of amniocentesis, twins and singletons with mature L/S ratios differed significantly in mean GA (33.2 +/- 2.7 vs 34.5 +/- 4.6 wks, p = 0.01), biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL) and estimate of birth weight (EFW). Based on ten receiver operating characteristics curves constructed, the following diagnostic thresholds predicted a mature L/S ratio with a true positive rate of 100% among twins and singletons, respectively: 1) BPD $84 and $92 mm; 2) head circumference $315 and $320 mm; 3) AC $295 and $350 mm; or 4) FL $64 and $72 mm; or 5) EFW $2400 and $3200 g. Using any one of these five criteria correctly identified pulmonary maturity among 59% of twins and 28% of singletons (p = 0.001). Sonographic measurement of fetal parts or EFW may be a noninvasive method to predict a mature L/S ration among twins as well as singletons. 相似文献
9.
Characterization of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and nitrosamine metabolism in the human esophagus 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
Smith TJ; Liao A; Wang LD; Yang GY; Starcic S; Philbert MA; Yang CS 《Carcinogenesis》1998,19(4):667-672
Esophageal cancer has been associated with tobacco smoking, and
nitrosamines are possible causative agents for this cancer. The present
study investigated the metabolism of the tobacco carcinogens N'-
nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1- butanone
(NNK), and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), as well as the presence of
xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in human esophageal tissues from
individuals in the United States and Huixian, Henan Province, China (a
high-risk area for esophageal cancer). All esophageal microsomal samples
activated NNN and the metabolic rate was 2-fold higher in the esophageal
samples from China than the USA. All microsomal samples activated NDMA.
However, most of the microsomal samples did not activate NNK.
Troleandomycin (an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 3A) decreased the formation
of NNN-derived keto acid by 20-26% in the esophageal microsomes. The
activities for NADPH: cytochrome c reductase, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase,
NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase and glutathione S-transferase were present
in the esophageal samples. Coumarin 7-hydroxylase (a representative
activity for P450 2A6) activity was not detected in the esophageal
microsomal samples. The activities for nitrosamine metabolism and
xenobiotic- metabolizing enzymes were decreased (by 30-50%) in the squamous
cell carcinomas compared with their corresponding non-cancerous mucosa. The
presence of activation and detoxification enzymes in the esophagus may play
an important role in determining the susceptibility of the esophagus to the
carcinogenic effect of nitrosamines. Our results suggest that P450s 3A4 and
2E1 are involved in the activation of NNN and NDMA, respectively, in the
human esophagus.
相似文献
10.
M E Ganapathy F H Leibach V B Mahesh L D Devoe V Ganapathy 《Biochemical pharmacology》1986,35(22):3989-3994
The effect of clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist, on the Na+ -H+ exchanger in human placental brush-border membrane vesicles was examined. The exchanger was inhibited by clonidine. The inhibition was freely reversible, and the apparent inhibition constant for the process was 250 microM. The nature of inhibition was found to be competitive with respect to Na+. The Dixon plot (1/v versus clonidine concentration) was linear (r2 = 0.998), indicating the interaction of the drug with a single site on the exchanger protein. Similar kinetic analyses with amiloride, a potassium-sparing diuretic, and cimetidine, a histamine type II receptor antagonist, revealed that these drugs also inhibited the Na+ -H+ exchanger by interacting with a single site on the protein. The presence of clonidine increased the intercepts without affecting the slopes of the l/v versus amiloride concentration and the l/v versus cimetidine concentration plots. These results demonstrate that all three drugs, amiloride, cimetidine and clonidine, interact with the human placental Na+-H+ exchanger at a single site in a mutually exclusive manner, and the site of interaction is identical with the Na+-binding site on the external surface of the exchanger protein. 相似文献