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1.
V V Ranade 《Journal of clinical pharmacology》1990,30(1):10-23
At present, polymers represent a class of ubiquitous materials. They are being used for a multitude of purposes and the almost inexhaustible varieties of molecular architecture that macromolecular materials can possess provides the possibility for a myriad of applications. Because of the increased interest being shown in the macromolecules by the pharmaceutical industry for the fabrication of drug delivery systems, numerous polymers have been synthesized and successfully used in drug delivery devices. The necessary conditions for developing the concept of pharmaceutically applicable polymers depend upon delineating a detailed knowledge of the relationship between the structure and properties of polymer networks. A number of polymers have been studied systematically from this point of view and there is every indication that the systems described have the potential to become clinically valuable and therefore marketable drug delivery systems. The potential of these promising polymers is still far from being exhausted and there is a strong possibility that many important developments will be forthcoming in this field in the future. In the current review article, polymers for controlled release have been divided into four major categories: diffusion-controlled systems; chemically controlled systems; solvent-activated systems; and magnetically controlled systems. Polymers as drug carriers also have been divided into various subgroups: soluble, biodegradable, mucoadhesive and other polymeric systems. The latter group includes polymers containing pendant bioactive substituents, matrix systems, heparin-releasing polymers, ionic polymers, oligomers and miscellaneous. At an introductory and fundamental level, an overview of these polymers and the materials science for the design of drug delivery systems will be discussed. 相似文献
2.
Gabrielle A. Carlson M.D. Leena Ranade M.D. Aftab Qadir M.D. 《The Psychiatric quarterly》1992,63(4):391-411
This article summarizes the ways in which a clinician should think about medication use in children and describes practical usage of the most frequently used child psychopharmacologic agents.Leena Ranade, M.D., and Aftab Qadir, M.D., were Fellows in Child Psychiatry, State University of New York at Stony Brook at the time of writing this article. 相似文献
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Province MA Kardia SL Ranade K Rao DC Thiel BA Cooper RS Risch N Turner ST Cox DR Hunt SC Weder AB Boerwinkle E;National Heart Lung Blood Institute Family Blood Pressure Program 《American journal of hypertension》2003,16(2):144-147
bACKGROUND: Four multicenter Networks (GenNet, GENOA, HyperGEN, SAPPHIRe) form the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Family Blood Pressure Program (FBPP), to search for hypertension/blood pressure (BP) genes. The networks used different family designs and targeted multiple ethnic groups, using standardized protocols and definitions. Linkage genome scans were done on samples within each network (N = 6245 relatives). METHODS: The evidence was synthesized using meta-analysis. RESULTS: Combining ethnic groups, no region reached LOD >2, but several small peaks were identified, including chromosome 2p where two other recent reports find hypertension linkage. CONCLUSIONS: No regions show uniformly large effects on BP/hypertension in all populations. 相似文献
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Swapna Kanade Gita Nataraj Preeti Mehta Daksha Shah 《The Indian journal of tuberculosis》2019,66(1):139-143
Setting
Department of Microbiology.Objective
To determine the common mutations responsible for rifampicin resistance in TB cases detected by Xpert MTB/RIF assay.Design
Results of Xpert MTB/RIF assay performed from 2013 to 2017 were analysed for missing probes in different types of specimens containing rifampicin resistant MTB.Results
Successful results were obtained in14872 of the total 15129 specimens processed by Xpert MTB/RIF assay, of which 9458 (63.6%) were sputum and 5414 (36.4%) were extrapulmonary specimens. MTB was detected in 1624 (17.17%) sputum and 1121 (20.70%) extrapulmonary specimens of which 409 (25.18%) and 277 (24.71%) were rifampicin resistant respectively.Probe E (83.82%) was the commonest probe responsible for rifampicin resistance followed by D (3.93%) and B (3.79%). Mutation in probe C (0.29%) was very rare. Combination of missing probes like AB (0.73%), DE (1.16%) and ADE (0.14%) was observed. 22 (3.2%) specimens showed presence of all five probes.Conclusion
Xpert MTB/RIF assay uses various combinations of probe to detect MTB along with rifampicin resistance and is a valuable diagnostic tool. It can become a useful epidemiological tool to identify dynamics of transmission of TB by addition of few more probes to identify mutations at specific codons. 相似文献7.
Ashwini Ranade Gary J. Young Raul Garcia John Griffith Astha Singhal Jean McGuire 《Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)》2019,150(8):656-663
BackgroundInadequate access to oral health care and palliative care provided in the emergency department (ED) creates a pattern of repeat nontraumatic dental condition (NTDC) ED visits. The authors examined NTDC ED revisits and assessed the determinants associated with these visits in Massachusetts.MethodsThe authors examined NTDC ED revisits in Massachusetts during 2013 using the Massachusetts All-Payer Claims Database. The authors report patient characteristics of those who made a single NTDC ED visit and of those who made NTDC ED revisits within 30 days of the index NTDC ED visit. The authors used a multilevel logistic regression model to examine the determinants associated with NTDC ED repeat visits.ResultsIn 2013, 21.5% of NTDC ED visits were revisits. Men from 26 through 35 years of age who were enrolled in Medicaid and who did not make an outpatient dental office visit within 30 days of the index NTDC ED visit had increased odds of repeat visits.ConclusionsThe sizable proportion of NTDC ED repeat visits indicates that certain patients in Massachusetts experience consistent and systematic barriers in accessing appropriate and timely oral health care.Practical ImplicationsPrioritizing young adults and Medicaid enrollees for ED diversion programs and setting up a formal referral process via connecting patients to dental offices and community health centers after an NTDC ED visit may reduce NTDC ED revisits and provide appropriate oral health care to these patients. 相似文献
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Soubhagya R. Nayak Ashwin Krishnamurthy SJ Madhan Kumar Latha V. Prabhu Bhagath Kumar Potu Sujatha D’Costa Anu Vinod Ranade 《Hand (New York, N.Y.)》2010,5(1):31-36
The superficial palmar arch (SPA) and its contributing arteries are highly variable. The palmar type of median artery (PMA)
can be involved in the formation of the SPA by replacing the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery (RA) or the ulnar
artery (UA). The present study was undertaken to investigate the presence of the PMA and its contribution in the formation
of SPA in 42 cadavers (84 upper limbs) of Indian origin. When there was a PMA, its outer diameter was measured in the carpal
tunnel. The PMA was found in 13 upper limbs (15.4%), and of these ten incidences (11.9%), the PMA took part in the formation
of SPA, and in three instances (3.5%), the PMA did not make up part of the SPA. Out of the ten cases in which the PMA contributed
to the formation of SPA, in six cases (7.1%), the PMA anastomosed with the UA; in three cases (3.5%), the PMA anastomosed
with both the UA and the RA, and in one incidence (1.1%), the PMA joined the arteria radialis indicis (deep branch of the
RA) to complete the SPA. The outer diameters of the median arteries varied between 0.8 and 2.6 mm with the mean value of 1.7 mm.
The present study concludes that the median–ulnar type of SPA was the most common type of SPA when the PMA was encountered
as a source of superficial arterial arcade of the hand, followed by the radial–median–ulnar type. The vascular patterns found
in this study are important to hand surgeons. The present study of PMA origin, course, and its contribution to the SPA will
add to the existing knowledge of the vascular anatomy of forearm and hand. 相似文献
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