3-4岁二孩家庭的教育指导工作的行动研究

自从国家开放二孩政策以来，越来越多的家庭开始将二孩计划拉上日程。因此，不仅两个孩子成长过程中的物质保障要跟上，二孩的家庭教育指导也需要积极开展—幼儿教师需要借助专业的教育知识与二孩家庭的教育现状分析为各位家长提供有效的教育引导，以期借助详细的二孩家庭教育研究为各个生育了两个孩子的家庭提供强有力的教育支持、促使每一位家长都可以得心应手地应对两个孩子在生活和成长中出现的大事小情，进而保证每一位幼儿都在愉快的成长氛围中不断进步。     

结直肠癌根治术患者手术部位感染的影响因素及病原菌特点探讨

摘要 目的 探讨行腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术患者术后手术部位感染影响因素及病原菌特点。方法 通过临床感染监测和细菌分离鉴定技术,对某医院住院行结直肠癌根治术的患者术后手术部位感染的发生情况及病原菌分布特点进行调查与分析。结果 该医院356例腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术患者中,有49例发生手术部位感染,感染的发生率为13.76%。从49例患者手术部位感染分泌物中,共分离出病原菌112株,其中革兰阴性菌、革兰阳性菌和真菌的构成比依次为64.29%、26.79%和8.93%。年龄≥60岁、造口、合并肠梗阻、合并基础疾病、围术期合并其他部位感染以及长期应用抗菌药物构成结直肠癌手术患者手术部位感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 该医院结直肠癌根治术患者在术后手术部位感染的发生率较高,革兰阴性菌为最主要致病菌,其与多种因素关系较为密切,应针对危险因素实施干预措施。     

All roads lead to Rome-a review of the potential mechanisms by which exerkines exhibit neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer’s disease

Age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)have become a critical public health issue due to the significantly extended human lifespan,leading to considerable economic and social burdens.Traditional therapies for AD such as medicine and surgery remain ineffective,impractical,and expensive.Many studies have shown that a variety of bioactive substances released by physical exercise(called“exerkines”)help to maintain and improve the normal functions of the brain in terms of cognition,emotion,and psychomotor coordination.Increasing evidence suggests that exerkines may exert beneficial effects in AD as well.This review summarizes the neuroprotective effects of exerkines in AD,focusing on the underlying molecular mechanism and the dynamic expression of exerkines after physical exercise.The findings described in this review will help direct research into novel targets for the treatment of AD and develop customized exercise therapy for individuals of different ages,genders,and health conditions.     

经皮穴位电刺激及小剂量绒毛膜促性腺激素对冻融胚胎移植妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨经皮穴位电刺激(TEAS)及小剂量绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)对冻融胚胎移植(FET)妊娠结局的影响。方法收集2016年于中部战区总医院生殖中心行FET患者的临床资料,共529例(573个周期),均采用激素替代治疗(HRT)方案。根据治疗方法的不同分为A组(HRT+TEAS,66例)67周期、B组(HRT+hCG,43例)45周期、C组(HRT+TEAS+hCG,81例)83周期,D组(只进行HRT,339例)378周期。比较各组的一般情况、妊娠情况及对照组42例第一次FET失败后加用TEAS、hCG、TEAS+hCG治疗前后自身对照比较,并对其妊娠影响因素进行二元Logistics分析。结果 4组在年龄、不孕年限、移植次数、移植个数、优质胚胎数,转化日内膜、A型内膜率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。C组着床率、妊娠率均高于D组(P0.05),多胎率、异位妊娠率和早期流产率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。C组临床妊娠率及胚胎着床率均高于D组(P0.05),A、B组临床妊娠率及胚胎着床率均高于D组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。D组42例自身治疗前后比较,内膜厚度、A型内膜率、移植优胚数均无统计学意义(P0.05),但临床妊娠率及胚胎着床率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。二元Logistics回归分析显示,年龄是影响妊娠结局的因素。结论 TEAS联合hCG能改善FET患者胚胎着床率、提高临床妊娠率,TEAS及hCG单独使用有改善胚胎着床率、提高临床妊娠率的趋势;使用TEAS、hCG对FET患者的多胎率、异位妊娠率、早期流产率无明显影响;临床上对于多次FET失败患者可选用TEAS+hCG治疗。     

Angiotensin-(1–7)reducesα-synuclein aggregation by enhancing autophagic activity in Parkinson's disease

Abnormal accumulation ofα-synuclein contributes to the formation of Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra,which is considered the typical pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease.Recent research indicates that angiotensin-(1-7)plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative disorders,including Parkinson's disease,but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.In this study,we used intraperitoneal administration of rotenone to male Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks to establish a Parkinson's disease model.We investigated whether angiotensin-(1-7)is neuroprotective in this model by continuous administration of angiotensin-(1-7)into the right substantia nigra for 4 weeks.We found that angiotensin-(1-7)infusion relieved characteristic parkinsonian behaviors and reducedα-synuclein aggregation in the substantia nigra.Primary dopaminergic neurons were extracted from newborn Sprague-Dawley rat substantia nigras and treated with rotenone,angiotensin-(1-7),and/or the Mas receptor blocker A-779 for 24 hours.After binding to the Mas receptor,angiotensin-(1-7)attenuated apoptosis andα-synuclein aggregation in rotenone-treated cells.Primary dopaminergic neurons were also treated with angiotensin-(1-7)and/or the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine for 24 hours.Angiotensin-(1-7)increasedα-synuclein removal and increased the autophagy of rotenone-treated cells.We conclude that angiotensin-(1-7)reducesα-synuclein aggregation by alleviating autophagy dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.Therefore,the angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and angiotensin-(1-7)has potential therapeutic value for Parkinson's disease.All experiments were approved by the Biological Research Ethics Committee of Nanjing First Hospital(approval No.DWSY-2000932)in January 2020.     

高空迅速减压飞行人员的临床诊治和医学鉴定

目的探讨飞行中高空迅速减压飞行人员的临床诊治经验和医学鉴定方法。方法回顾分析近10年来空军发生的5起19人次高空迅速减压病例资料，暴露高度为8300至10000m。结果①5起高空迅速减压中有3起10人（A组）返航后未经休息、吸氧和高压氧治疗，其中7人发生了Ⅱ型高空减压病，发病率为70％，另2起9人（B组）返航后及时休息、吸氧并送就近医院行高压氧治疗，均未发生高空减压病，两组高空减压病发生率有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。②两组对比分析发现，除了已明确的迅速减压时的高度外，在本组资料中个体敏感性、减压后高空缺氧以及空中和返航后的处置是否得当是影响发病的重要因素。③所有发病者经治疗均重返飞行岗位，但发病后治疗不适当或飞行员出现心理障碍会延长康复时间。结论高空迅速减压可对飞行人员造成显著的心理和生理影响，并且发生高空减压病的危险很大，减压后空中及返航后处置是否得当是影响病情发展的莺要因素。     

AN UNUSUAL BILATERAL VAGAL PARAGANGLIOMAS： ONE CASE STUDY

VAGAL paraganglioma VP)is an uncommonneoplasm originating from neural crest paragan-glion cells located along the vagus nerve,repre-senting less than5%of all paragangliomas of the head andneck.1Despite improvement in microsurgical techniques,management of…