神经降压素的肝细胞保护作用与Ca~（2＋）的关系

观察了神经降压素（ＮＴ）的肝细胞保护作用与Ｃａ２＋的关系。结果显示，醋氨酚使肝细胞Ｃａ２＋内流和肝脏钙含量增加，但对于线粒体Ｃａ２＋摄取及其钙含量无明显影响，表明细胞可能出现胞质Ｃａ２＋超载。若在醋氨酚之前给予ＮＴ则使肝细胞Ｃａ２＋内流明显减少，肝脏Ｃａ２＋含量有降低趋势，但线粒体钙含量显著增加。这些结果提示，ＮＴ通过减少Ｃａ２＋内流，增强线粒体贮存Ｃａ２＋的能力，部分缓解醋氨酚所致胞质Ｃａ２＋超载从而减轻细胞损伤。     

马桑内酯所致癫痫发作大鼠红细胞免疫粘附功能的研究

作者用红细胞Ｃ＿３ｂ受体花环试验和红细胞免疫复合物花环试验对马桑内酯所致癫痫发作大鼠红细胞免疫粘附功能的变化进行了观察，结果表明，癫痫组动物红细胞Ｃ＿３ｂ受体花环率明显低于对照组，而红细胞免疫复合物花环率相差不显著．提示癫痫发作可导致大鼠红细胞免疫粘附功能降低，因此在癫痫治疗中注意调整和增强患者的红细胞免疫功能具有重要意义。     

杆状病毒介导LacZ基因转染体外培养的人虹膜色素上皮细胞

目的：研究重组杆状病毒(baculovinus)载体介导β—半乳糖苷酶基因(LacZ)对体外培养虹膜色素上皮(IPE)细胞的转染和表达情况。方法：将质粒pCMV—β中的CMV—LacZ表达盒插入杆状病毒表达栽体pFast BacI的Eco RI／Hind Ⅲ位点，构建重组质粒pBac—β，并利用Bac—to—Bac表达系统在Sf9细胞中产生出重组杆状病毒BV—β。将MOI为200的BV—β感染经酶消化加显微法分离培养的IPE细胞，24h后进行X-gal染色。在显微镜下观察IPE中LacZ表达阳性的情况，记录阳性细胞所占的百分比。结果：限制性酶切分析及测序结果表明，我们已成功构建表达质粒pBac—β及重组杆状病毒BV—β。X-gal染色证实杆状病毒介导LacZ在细胞中的表达呈蓝色，弥漫于整个胞浆。感染后24h时表达阳性率达85％。结论：重组杆状病毒可有效介导报告基因在体外培养的IPE细胞中表达，为利用杆状病毒构建可供移植的基因工程化虹膜色素上皮细胞提供了实验依据。     

家兔化学裸露心肌标本制备及其张力-pCa关系

家兔右室乳头肌在含3mM EDTA、5mM Na_2ATP、10mM Tris、140 mM KCl的溶液中浸浴150min,其Ca~(2+)通透性显著增高。Ca~(2+)浓度为10~(-7)M时,便可产生张力,10~(-4.6)M时,张力达到最大。相对张力-pCa(Ca~(2+)浓度的负对数)关系近似一S形曲线,产生50％最大张力的Ca~(2+)(pCa_(50))约为10~(-6.6)M。同法制备的大鼠乳头肌Ca~(2+)通透性未见增高。     

Improved trends in survival and engraftment after single cord blood transplantation for adult acute myeloid leukemia

Unrelated cord blood transplantation (CBT) is an alternative curative option for adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who need allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) but lack an HLA-matched related or unrelated donor. However, large-scale data are lacking on CBT outcomes for unselected adult AML. To investigate the trends of survival and engraftment after CBT over the past 22 years, we retrospectively evaluated the data of patients with AML in Japan according to the time period of CBT (1998–2007 vs 2008–2013 vs 2014–2019). A total of 5504 patients who received single-unit CBT as first allogeneic HCT for AML were included. Overall survival (OS) at 2 years significantly improved over time. The improved OS among patients in ≥ complete remission (CR)3 and active disease at CBT was mainly due to a reduction of relapse-related mortality, whereas among patients in first or second CR at CBT, this was due mainly to a reduction of non-relapse mortality. The trends of neutrophil engraftment also improved over time. This experience demonstrated that the survival and engraftment rate after CBT for this group has improved over the past 22 years.Subject terms: Acute myeloid leukaemia, Cancer immunotherapy     

儿童胫后神经刺激的体感诱发电位正常值及其特点

探讨儿童体感诱发电位的正常值。对３０例８－１４岁健康儿童记录和测量了刺激胫扣神经引起的脊髓和皮层ＳＥＰｓ正常值，并计算出胫后神经４ 传导速度。结果１．ＳＥＰＳ各波潜伏期与身高均呈高度正线怀相关，与年龄，体重亦呈正相关，而潜伏期与年龄，体重的正相关是由身高引起的。２．Ｐ４０－Ｎ２０波间期与身高，年龄，体重均无显著相关关系。结论，ＳＥＰＳ潜伏期正常值应按其与身高的回归方程确定，Ｐ４０－Ｎ２０波间期正常     

家兔第四脑室注射促甲状腺素释放激素的升压效应及其机理分析

①在麻醉、自然呼吸的家兔上观察到,第四脑室注射促甲状腺素释放激素(TRH)5μg,动脉血压(BP)升高3.2±0.6kPa,,心率(HR)减慢。第四脑室预注射哌唑嗪(1μg),使TRH的升压效应减弱52.1±0.6％。②在麻醉、制动及人工呼吸的家兔上观察到,第四脑室注射TRH(5μg),肾神经放电(PND)频率和BP分别增高185.0±46.3％和36.6±6.5％。静脉预注射哌唑嗪(2mg)或心得安(2mg)对TRH的RND频率增加效应无明显影响,但均使TRH的升高血压效应明显减弱。结果表明,TRH具有中枢升压作用,此作用部分是由脑内α_1受体介导。其外周机理主要是通过兴奋交感神经,使外周血管收缩,并通过激活肾近球细胞的β受体,促进肾素释放,导致血压升高。     

吗啡对外周刺激诱导的大鼠海马CA1区长时程增强(LTP)的抑制作用

目的观察吗啡急性中枢应用,对外周电刺激坐骨神经诱导的海马CA1区LTP及海马痛觉调制作用的影响,并探讨其可能的机制。方法25只雄性SD大鼠200～260g,随机分为5组。单刺激坐骨神经,各组侧脑室给药后给予强直刺激,观察场电位的变化。结果单刺激坐骨神经可在海马CA1区诱导出场电位(21.43±4.54)μV,其潜伏期较长(169.94±14.65)ms及阈值较高(平均15V),据此,推断是C类纤维诱发的;强直刺激后海马CA1区可出现持续时间在2h以上LTP现象;中、大剂量吗啡侧脑室注射可抑制海马CA1区LTP,纳洛酮可阻断这种作用。结论LTP是海马痛觉调制的生物学机制之一,阿片受体在其中起重要作用。吗啡对C-类纤维诱导的海马CA1区LTP的抑制作用可能通过阿片受体实现。     

The use of platelets in regenerative medicine and proposal for a new classification system: guidance from the SSC of the ISTH

Summary

Autologous and single‐donor allogenic platelet preparations are increasingly being used in many areas of regenerative medicine. However, there are few properly controlled randomized clinical trials, and the preparation, content and characteristics of platelet preparations are generally poorly defined and controlled. The Platelet Physiology Subcommittee of the Scientific and Standardization Committee (SSC) of the ISTH formed a working party of experts with the aim of producing consensus recommendations for guidance on the use of platelets in regenerative medicine. Owing to a lack of investigations that provide definitive evidence for the efficacy, definition and use of different platelet preparations in regenerative medicine, there were insufficient data to develop evidence‐based guidelines. Therefore, the RAND method was used, which obtains a formal consensus among experts particularly when scientific evidence is absent, scarce and/or heterogeneous. Using this approach, each expert scored as ‘appropriate’, ‘uncertain’ or ‘inappropriate’ a series of 45 statements about the practice of regenerative medicine with platelets, which included different sections on general aspects, platelet preparations, clinical trial design, and potential utility in different clinical scenarios. After presentation and public discussion at SSC meetings, the assessments were further refined to produce final consensus recommendations, which constitute the subject of the present report.     

川芎嗪抗缺氧致脑细胞损伤作用的实验研究

目的:观察川芎嗪对缺氧状态下离体大脑皮层细胞脂质过氧化物(LRO)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响。方法:将4～5日龄 Wistar 大鼠大脑皮层分离并制成细胞悬液(5×10~6个细胞/ml),在 CO_2培养箱内孵育2h 之后观测单纯缺氧1h(细胞悬液通以95％N_2加5％CO_2),以及预先向细胞悬液加入磷酸川芎嗪(分10~(-5)、10~(-4)和10~(-3)mol/L3个剂量组),再缺氧1h 细胞 LPO 含量与 SOD 活性的改变。结果:缺氧可使 LPO 显著增加、SOD 活性明显降低;预先加入川芎嗪能有效防止缺氧所致的 LPO 升高和 SOD 活性降低。结论:川芎嗪对缺氧致细胞脂质过氧化损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能是通过增强内源性 SOD 活性、清除氧自由基,进而降低了细胞脂质过氧化程度。