A binding study of phospholipase A2 with lecithin,lysolecithin and their tetrahedral intermediates using molecular modeling

We used molecular modeling to examine the binding of 1, 2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (a lecithin), 1-octanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (a lysolecithin) and their tetrahedral intermediates in the catalytic site of phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂). We performed energy minimization on each complex, computed the binding energy, determined the relative binding energy among the complexes and calculated the difference in inter- and intramolecular energies of the components in the complexes. We found that the calculated orientation of the sn-1 ester bond of lysolecithin in the active site is similar to that of the sn-2 ester bond in lecithin, thus permitting PLA₂ to hydrolyze lysolecithin using the same mechanism as it uses to hydrolyze lecithin. On the other hand, the binding of lecithin is energetically more favorable by 4.5 kcal/mol than the binding of lysolecithin to the enzyme, and the binding of the lecithin tetrahedral intermediate is also energetically more favorable by 19.7 kcal/mol than the binding of the lysolecithin tetrahedral intermediate to the enzyme, which explains why lecithin is a better substrate than lysolecithin in the catalytic site. These results indicate that the activation energy for the hydrolysis of lysolecithin is higher than that for lecithin, consistent with the observed slower rate for the hydrolysis of lysolecithin.     

当归注射液及其分离组分Angi-S和Angi-Y对脑缺血大鼠的保护作用

目的观察当归注射液及其分离组分的抗脑缺血作用。方法分别给予脑缺血大鼠(结扎双侧颈动脉制得)当归注射液及其分离组分Angi-S和Angi-Y，2周后测定大鼠脑超氧化物歧化酶 （SOD）活性和一氧化氮 （NO）含量，血清NO和丙二醛（MDA）的含量以及大脑皮质固缩神经细胞的数量。结果当归分离组分Angi-S和Angi-Y能使脑缺血大鼠脑SOD的活性显著升高（均P＜0.05）、脑NO的含量显著下降（均P＜0.05）;Angi-S能使大鼠血清内MDA的含量下降（P＜0.05）;当归注射液、Angi-S和Angi-Y均可明显减少脑缺血大鼠大脑皮质固缩神经细胞的数量（均P＜0.01）;当归注射液和Angi-S均可明显减少脑缺血大鼠大脑海马h1段固缩神经细胞的数量（均P＜0.05）。结论当归注射液及其分离组分Angi-S和Angi-Y均有抗脑缺血作用。     

Comparisons of self-ratings on managerial competencies,research capability,time management,executive power,workload and work stress among nurse administrators

Aims To assess the level of and the differences in managerial competencies, research capability, time management, executive power, workload and work-stress ratings among nurse administrators (NAs), and to determine the best predictors of managerial competencies for NAs. Background Although NAs require multifaceted managerial competencies, research related to NAs’ managerial competencies is limited. Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 330 NAs from 16 acute care hospitals. Managerial competencies were determined through a self-developed questionnaire. Data were collected in 2011. Results All NAs gave themselves the highest rating on integrity and the lowest on both financial/budgeting and business acumen. All scores for managerial competencies, research capability, time management and executive power showed a statistically significant correlation. The stepwise regression analysis revealed that age; having received NA training; having completed a nursing project independently; and scores for research capability, executive power and workload could explain 63.2% of the total variance in managerial competencies. Conclusion The present study provides recommendations for future administrative training programmes to increase NAs’ managerial competency in fulfilling their management roles and functions. Implications for Nursing Management The findings inform leaders of hospitals where NAs need to develop additional competencies concerning the type of training NAs need to function proficiently.     

Reliability and Validity of the King's Health Questionnaire for Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Taiwan

Objectives: To investigate the reliability and validity of the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ), and understand the impacts of lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) on health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL). Methods: A cross‐sectional design was used and a convenience of 393 men participated in the study. The reliability was measured by testing the Cronbach's α coefficients. Factor analysis was used to explore the underlying factor structure of the KHQ. The discriminant validity was assessed using the one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests with post hoc analysis (Games‐Howell method) by comparing the differences scores in KHQ domains between men with three LUTS severity groups (mild, moderate, and severe). Results: Men with severe, moderate, mild LUTS accounted for 7.9, 25.4, and 66.7%, respectively. Internal consistency of KHQ was excellent with Cronbach's α coefficients of 0.750–0.943. Factor analysis showed three underlying components to explain constructive validity. The KHQ subscores in both the severe and moderate LUTS groups were significantly higher than those in mild LUTS group (all P < 0.05), implying that the discriminant validity was adequate. Excepting for two single‐item questions, the first three greater disparities in KHQ domains between the severe and mild LUTS groups were “Emotion”, “Sleeping/Energy”, and “Physical limitation”, while the least disparities was found in “Personal relationships” domain. Conclusion: LUTS could produce a substantial impact on different domains of HR‐QoL. The traditional Chinese KHQ has suitable reliability and validity for men with general LUTS, and might be a useful tool for HR‐QoL measure in future.     

电子处方警示系统减少门诊重复用药:以台湾289家医院为例

目的:探讨台湾医院门诊应用电子处方警示系统的效果。方法:采集1998-2009年的医保数据库,纳入各年均有数据库数据的259家医院进行分析。根据台湾医院应用门诊电子处方警示系统的发展,12年分为4个阶段:1998—2000年(T1)、2001-2003年(T2)、2004—2006年(T3)、2007—2009年(T4)。重复用药率是计算每个时间段医院门诊重复用药处方数占全部处方数的比例。应用广义估计方程(Generalized Estimating Equation,GEE)分析4个阶段的重复用药率改变。结果 :T1总体门诊重复用药率11.7%,T2减少到10.4%,但T2-T4维持在10. 5%上下。GEE分析发现重复用药率如期呈现下降,但降幅逐渐减小(T2:b=-2.44; T3:b-3.20;T4:b=-3.30;P0.001)。结论:医院门诊重复用药率随电子处方警示系统应用趋势呈现递减后维持平稳,表示系统虽然有效,但仍有需要持续改善之处。     

临床路径对医疗资源使用的效益——以腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者为例

目的:应用医院病例数据评价临床路径对腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者医疗资源使用的管理效果。方法:采集深圳市7家公立医院2015年12月—2016年9月的病案首页,研究对象为第一诊断是胆囊结石伴慢性胆囊炎(ICD10:K80. 1)且行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术(ICD-9-CM:51. 23)。统计分析方法采用独立t检验、卡方检验以及广义线性回归分析。结果:共有932例符合研究对象的定义,其中路径组696例,平均住院天日7. 15天,住院费用15 181. 5元;非路径组236例,平均住院天日9. 42天,住院费用19 774. 8元。校正其他影响因素后,路径组的住院天日比非路径组少1. 51天(P 0. 001),住院费用少3 818元(P 0. 001)。结论:患者的疾病状况虽然是影响住院天日与住院费用的重要因素,但本研究发现临床路径实施对腹腔镜胆囊切除患者的医疗质量与医疗资源管理具有影响,建议未来有更多实证研究检验临床路径效果,以供相关政策参考。     

肝复乐与肝动脉化疗栓塞术联用对原发性肝癌Ⅱ期患者生存期预测的影响

目的：探讨肝复乐胶囊与肝动脉化疗栓塞术（transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE）联用对原发性肝癌Ⅱ期患者生存期预测的影响。方法：采用回顾性分析法,选取2012年3月—2014年3月间诊治的接受TACE治疗并且临床资料完整的原发性肝癌Ⅱ期57例,将其分成联用组（n=27）和非联用组（n=30）,随访日期2014年8月31日截止;联用组患者TACE术前1周给予口服肝复乐胶囊与肝动脉化疗栓塞术联用治疗;非联用组患者给予单纯肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗;运用Kaplan-Meier方法对治疗后的两组患者进行单因素生存分析,并绘制生存曲线。结果：联用组患者平均生存时间（21.44±1.69）月（95%CI：18.14,24.75）和中位生存期时间（24.00±4.71）月（95%CI：14.78,33.22）高于非联用组患者平均生存时间（15.98±1.82）月（95%CI：12.41,19.54）、中位生存期时间（12.00±1.43）月（95%CI：9.20,14.80）,经Log rank检验其差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组患者生存曲线显示联用组患者生存期和累计生存率均大于非联用组（P〈0.05）。结论：肝复乐胶囊与TACE联用对原发性肝癌Ⅱ期患者生存期长于非联用组,肝复乐胶囊对肝癌患者生存期的预测具有一定的影响。     

264例汶川地震丧亲者孤独感与其家庭功能的相关关系研究

目的 探讨丧亲者孤独感与家庭功能相关关系.方法 采用便利抽样,使用家庭关怀度问卷(APGAR)和UCLA孤独量表,对264名汶川地震丧亲者的孤独感和家庭功能进行问卷调查.结果丧亲者孤独感均分( 42.06±9.96)分,50％以上丧亲者体验到中等水平的孤独感;孤独感在性别方面差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),在年龄、经济状况、婚姻状态和家庭结构方面差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);丧亲者孤独感与家庭功能呈负相关(P＜0.01).结论孤独感是丧亲者普遍存在的心理问题且处于中等水平;丧亲者的家庭功能从不同侧面对其孤独感产生影响,良好的家庭功能有助于减轻孤独感.     

降钙素原联合标准方法指导儿童社区获得性肺炎抗菌药物治疗的临床价值

目的：评价降钙素原（PCT ）联合标准方法在指导儿童社区获得性肺炎（CAP）抗菌药物治疗中的价值。方法对190例可疑合并细菌感染的小儿非重症病毒性肺炎进行回顾性分析。分为联合方法组和标准治疗组,联合方法组为101例,按PCT浓度监测联合我国目前儿童CAP管理指南的方法指导使用抗菌药物,当P CT＜0．25μg/L且临床可疑细菌感染及PC T＞0．25μg/L者均使用抗菌药物;当PC T小于0．25μg/L且临床无伴细菌感染者予停药。标准治疗组89例,单独按CAP指南标准使用抗菌药物。两组均至少使用抗菌药物3 d后再次评估。最终分析抗菌药物的使用情况及临床疗效。结果与标准治疗组比较,联合方法组抗菌药物处方使用率明显降低[（4．9＆#177;1．4）dvs．（6．8＆#177;2．8）d],并且其抗菌药物使用时间及抗菌药物不良反应发生率也更少（2．0％ vs．20．0％）,以上两组各指标比较差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。两组住院时间及呼吸道症状复发率差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论 PCT联合标准方法能明显减少儿童CAP抗菌药物的使用而未影响临床疗效,有助于更加合理使用抗菌药物。     

当归静脉注射液4种分离组分对脑缺血模型大鼠的影响

目的观察当归静脉注射液4种分离组分Angi-SY1、Angi-SY2、Angi-YS1和Angi-YS2对脑缺血模型大鼠的影响。方法取Sprague-Daw ley大鼠56只,随机分为模型组,假手术组,丹参注射液组,Angi-SY1、Angi-SY2、Angi-YS1和Angi-YS2组,每组8只。假手术组给予假手术,其他各组均采用结扎大鼠双侧颈总动脉的方法制作脑缺血模型。术后Angi-SY1、Angi-SY2、Angi-YS1和Angi-YS2组大鼠分别给予Angi-SY1、Angi-SY2、Angi-YS1和Angi-YS2注射液腹腔注射,12.48 mL.kg-1,qd;丹参注射液组大鼠给予丹参葡萄糖注射液腹腔注射,12.48 mL.kg-1,qd;假手术组大鼠和模型组大鼠给予等量0.9%氯化钠注射液腹腔注射,qd。2周后测定大鼠脑和血清中一氧化氮(NO)、脑组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和血清丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果与模型组比较,Angi-SY2、Angi-YS1、Angi-YS2组大鼠脑NO含量明显下降(均P<0.01),Angi-SY1组大鼠脑NO含量亦下降(P<0.05);Angi-SY1、Angi-SY2、Angi-YS1、Angi-YS2组大鼠脑SOD的含量显著升高(均P<0.01),其中Angi-YS2组升高最明显;Angi-SY2、Angi-YS2组大鼠血清中MDA含量均明显下降(均P<0.01),Angi-SY1组大鼠血清内MDA含量明显升高(P<0.01)。结论当归静脉注射液的分离组分Angi-SY2、Angi-YS1和Angi-YS2对大鼠缺血性脑损伤有治疗作用。