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排序方式: 共有607条查询结果,搜索用时 22 毫秒
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H. Lackner P. Sovinz M. Benesch W. Schwinger H. J. Dornbusch A. Moser K. Triebl-Roth C. Urban 《Monatsschrift für Kinderheilkunde》2007,155(1):S54-S57
Alopecia universalis is characterized by total loss of body hair and can occur at any age, causing significant psychological morbidity in most cases. Though there is evidence to suggest that alopecia universalis is an autoimmune disease, the cause of the disease is still not known with certainty. Spontaneous recovery is unusual (<10%), and the long-term prognosis in cases not responding to therapy is poor, despite the variety of therapies available. Experience of immunosuppressive treatment in children with alopecia universalis is limited. We report on a 4-year-old boy, who was successfully treated for refractory alopecia universalis with prednisolone and cyclosporine A by mouth combined with topical application of tacrolimus. Our case report shows that systemic immunosuppression may be a promising treatment option for some children with alopecia universalis who are badly distressed by their condition. However, potential treatment-related risks have to be weighed against the psychosocial stress experienced by these patients and their families. 相似文献
4.
CG Teo 《Oral diseases》2002,8(S2):88-90
Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) are commonly encountered in the HIV-infected patient. A unique feature of OHL is non-cytolytic high level of replication of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in the glossal epithelium. The expression of viral-encoded anti-apoptotic proteins concomitant to replicative proteins probably underlies this phenomenon. The question of whether OHL arises from activation of EBV latent in the tongue, or from superinfection by endogenous EBV shed via non-glossal sites or by exogenous EBV remains unresolved. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is now seen as necessary but not sufficient cause of KS. Expression of HHV8-encoded oncogenic proteins in endothelial cells probably explains the aberrant proliferation of these cells in KS lesions. Studies into why KS is so commonly observed at the palate in HIV-infected patients may provide important clues to its pathogenesis. 相似文献
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A. Aschoff P. Kremer C. Benesch K. Fruh A. Klank S. Kunze 《Child's nervous system》1995,11(4):193-202
When vertical body position is simulated, conventional differential pressure valves show an absolutely unphysiological flow, which is 2–170 times the normal liquor production rate. Although this is compensated in part by the resistance of the silicon tubes, which may produce up to 94% of the resistance of the complete shunt system, a negative intracranial pressure (ICP) of up to 30–44 cmH2O is an unavoidable consequence, which can be followed by subdural hematomas, slit ventricles, and other well-known complications. Modern shunt technology offers programmable, hydrostatic, and flow-controlled valves and anti-siphon devices; we have tested 13 different designs from 7 manufacturers (56 specimens), using the Heidelberg Valve Test Inventory with 16 subtests. Programmable valves reduce, but cannot exclude, unphysiological flow rates: even in the highest position and in combination with a standard catheter typical programmable Medos-Hakim valves allow a flow of 93–232 ml/h, Sophy SU-8-valves 86–168 ml/h with 30 cmH2O. The effect of hydrostatic valves (Hakim-Lumbar, Chhabra) can be inactivated by movements of daily life. The weight of the metal balls in most valves was too low for adequate flow reduction. Antisiphon devices are highly dependent on external, i.e. subcutaneous, pressure which has unpredictable influences on shunt function, and clinically is sometimes followed by shunt insufficiency. Two new Orbis-Sigma valves showed relatively physiological flow rates even when the vertical position (30 cmH2O) was simulated. One showed an insufficient flow (5.7 ml/h), and one was primarily obstructed. These have by far the smallest outlet of all valves. Additionally, the ruby pin tends to stick. Therefore, a high susceptibility to obliterations and blockade is unavoidable. Encouraging results obtained in pediatric patients contrast with disappointing experiences in some German and Swedish hospitals, which suggests that our laboratory findings are confirmed by clinical results. The concept of strict flow limitation seems to be inadaequate for adult patients, who need a relatively high flow during (nocturnal) ICP crises. The problem of shunt overdrainage remains unsolved.This paper is an updated version of an oral presentation held at the Consensus Conference: Hydrocephalus '92 Assisi, Italy, 26–30 April 1992Deceased 相似文献
8.
Schmidt R Meyer-Wölbert B Röderer M Becker HP Benesch S Fels T Gerngross H 《Der Unfallchirurg》1999,102(2):110-114
Forty-nine patients (mean age, 54 years) admitted for displaced ankle fractures were observed retrospectively to determine by clinical examination and measurement of plantar pressure distribution whether successful surgical treatment of ankle fractures had led to gait symmetry. The mean followup was 36 months (range, 19-54 months). The deviation in gait was quantified using peak pressure. Using a clinical score, most of the patients had satisfactory results. The plantar pressure distribution showed significant load asymmetries of patients with satisfactory results and those with non-satisfactory results. Dynamic gait analysis allows quantification of gait asymmetry and clinically non-visible gait disorder. 相似文献
9.
Arif JM; Gairola CG; Glauert HP; Kelloff GJ; Lubet RA; Gupta RC 《Carcinogenesis》1998,19(8):1515-1517
The present study investigated the effects of dietary oltipraz on cigarette
smoke-related lipophilic DNA adduct formation. Female Sprague- Dawley rats
were exposed daily to sidestream cigarette smoke in a whole- body exposure
chamber 6 h/day for 4 consecutive weeks. One group of rats was maintained
on control diet while another group received the same diet supplemented
with either a low (167 p.p.m.) or high (500 p.p.m.) dose of oltipraz,
starting 1 week prior to initiation of smoke exposure until the end of the
experiment. Analysis of lipophilic DNA adducts by the nuclease P1-mediated
32P-post-labeling showed up to five smoke-related adducts. Adduct no. 5
predominated in both the lung and the heart while adduct nos 3 and 2
predominated in the trachea and bladder, respectively. Quantitative
analysis revealed that the total adduct level was the highest in lungs
(270+/-68 adducts/10(10) nucleotides), followed by trachea (196+/-48
adducts/10(10) nucleotides), heart (141+/-22 adducts/10(10) nucleotides)
and bladder (85+/-16 adducts/10(10) nucleotides). High dose oltipraz
treatment reduced the adduct levels in lungs and bladder by >60%, while
the reduction in lungs in the low-dose group was approximately 35%. In
trachea, the effect of low and high dietary oltipraz on smoke DNA adduction
was equivocal, while smoke-related DNA adducts in the heart were minimally
inhibited by high-dose oltipraz. In a repeat experiment that employed a
3-fold lower dose of cigarette smoke, oltipraz (500 p.p.m.) was found to
inhibit the formation of DNA adducts in rat lungs and trachea by 80 and
65%, respectively. These data clearly demonstrate a high efficacy of
oltipraz in inhibiting the formation of cigarette smoke-induced DNA adducts
in the target tissues.
相似文献
10.
Mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in spontaneously occurring osteosarcomas of the dog 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene has been implicated in the
pathogenesis of numerous human cancers, including osteosarcomas.
Appendicular osteosarcomas of the dog appear to be a good model for their
human equivalent with regard to biologic behavior, epidemiology and
histopathology. We individually screened exons 5-8 of the p53 gene for
mutations in 15 canine appendicular osteosarcomas using 'Cold' SSCP to
compare the role of this gene in human and canine osteosarcoma
tumorigenesis. Seven of the tumors (47%) exhibited point mutations, with
one tumor possessing two mutations within different exons. Of these, seven
were missense mutations and the eighth was a 'silent' mutation potentially
affecting the exon 6-7 splicing region. Five of the missense mutations were
located in highly conserved regions IV and V, while another corresponded
with the highly conserved codon 220 mutational hotspot located outside the
conserved domains. The locations and types of mutations were nearly
identical to those reported in human cancer. These findings provide strong
evidence of the involvement of p53 mutations in the development of canine
appendicular osteosarcomas. Canine osteosarcomas appear to be a promising
model for their human equivalent on a clinical, pathologic, and molecular
level.
相似文献