有机溶液环境下中药成分的纳滤分离机制及适用性研究策略

随着有机溶液在中药制药领域应用的逐渐普遍,涉及到提取、醇沉、树脂洗脱剂成分制备等环节,从而衍生出衔接性的热处理精制引起中药成分转化、溶剂污染等问题。纳滤具有常温化分离优势,但适用于水溶液的分离模型在有机溶液中存在明显的局限性。通过综述纳滤分离机制,结合复杂溶液体系下中药成分的真实状态和传质行为,以期发现适用于有机溶液环境的中药成分纳滤分离研究策略,提升纳滤技术在中药制药领域的适用性,推动中药资源的合理化利用。     

四种商品金钱草的辨析及鉴别

目前按金钱草销售使用的中药共有4种，通过调研，对金钱草、广金钱草、连钱草和聚花过路黄4种商品金钱草的名称、来源和功效进行了考证，同时对4种金钱草的药材性状特征进行了较系统的描述和比较。其中金钱草（过路黄）系《中国药典》规定的正品，广金钱草、连钱草2种分别按不同药名收栽于《中国药典》，另一种聚花过路黄则为金钱草的混伪品。     

Antidepressant-like effects of paeoniflorin on post-stroke depression in a rat model

ABSTRACT

Background: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is one of the most prevalent emotional disorders after stroke and often results in poor outcomes. However, the underlying physiopathologic mechanism and effective treatment of PSD remain poorly elucidated.

Objective: To investigate whether paeoniflorin has antidepressant-like activity in a rat model of PSD.

Methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated control (Sham), PSD, paeoniflorin (with PSD) and fluoxetine group(with PSD). PSD was developed by the right middle cerebral artery occlusion followed 21 days chronic unpredictable mild stress combined (CUMS) with raised alone. Tests of sucrose preference and open field were used to assess the depression-like behavior. Neurological function was evaluated by neurological deficit score and beam balance test. Expression of phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the CA1 region of the hippocampal complex was evaluated by western blot and immunofluorescence.

Results: Te depressive-like behaviors markedly improved after paeoniflorin and fluoxetine treatment. Furthermore, paeoniflorin treatment significantly increased BDNF and p-CREB expression in the CA1 region.

Conclusions: Observed results suggested that paeoniflorin could ameliorate the symptoms and improve the functional capability of PSD rats, similar to the effect of fluoxetine.

Abbreviations: PSD: post-stroke depression; CUMS: chronic unpredictable mild stress stimulation; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion; OFT: open field test; SPT: sucrose preference test, NDS: neurological deficit score, BBT: beam balance test; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein; p-CREB: phosphorylated Cyclic-AMP responsive element binding protein     

食管癌高发区居民食管癌及癌前病变状况分析

目的:了解食管癌高发区人群食管癌及癌前病变的分布情况,为早诊早治工作提供依据。方法:在四川省阆中市食管癌高发区,采取整群随机抽样的方法选择部分自然村作为筛查对象,对高危人群采取内镜下碘染色及指示性活检进行筛查,并经病理学诊断确诊。结果:食管炎症检出率为8.40%,食管轻度异型增生检出率为7.65%,食管中度增生检出率为2.45%,食管重度异型增生/原位癌检出率为1.75%,食管癌检出率为0.45%。按性别分布分析发现,食管炎症男、女检出率分别为11.07%(99/894)和6.24%(69/1 106),两组差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.021,P<0.001);食管癌男、女检出率分别为0.89%(8/894)和0.09%(1/1 106),两组差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.142,P=0.008)。按年龄组分析,食管炎症在55岁～组检出率最高为11.07%(56/506),轻度食管增生在60岁～组检出率最高为10.90%(46/422),中度食管增生在65岁～组检出率最高为3.39%(8/236)。各级食管病变在地理分布上差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在食管癌高发区人群中存在着相当数量的癌前病变患者,对该部分高危人群进行食管癌内镜筛查并进行癌症综合知识宣传,是做好食管癌二级预防工作的关键。     

保留乳头乳晕复合体乳房切除加一期假体植入术的应用

目的研究保留乳头乳晕复合体乳房切除加一期假体植入术（NSM—IBRWI）应用于早期乳腺癌的安全性与有效性。方法1999年6月至2006年10月，对13例患者的14只乳房实施NSM-IBRWI手术，主要采用沿乳晕上或下的180。弧形切口，完整切除乳房，保留乳头乳晕复合体，在胸大肌下或皮下植入硅凝胶假体，同时乳腺癌患者另取胸大肌外缘切口行腋窝淋巴结清扫术。结果13例患者共植入14只假体，其中1例患者（单侧）因假体植入皮下后引流液2个月以上不减少而导致伤口无法愈合，被迫取出假体。手术成功率为92．9％（13／14）。术后6个月自我满意度良好者9例，一般者3例（其中不对称2例，疼痛1例），较差者1例（假体取出者）。13例中有原位癌1例，浸润性导管癌10例。所有患者的中位随访时间为27个月。1例患者（T1N1M0）术后9个月出现肺、骨转移，继而出现脑转移，术后15个月死亡，其余10例患者均无病生存至今。术后主要问题是伤口不愈合、不对称和疼痛。结论NSM—IBRWI是一种安全有效治疗早期乳腺癌的新方式，它可与保乳手术取长补短。     

2004～2006年宁夏固原市原州区法定报告传染病网络直报质量分析

[目的]分析原州区2004～2006年法定报告传染病网络直报质量,探求更科学的管理方法. [方法]采用描述性分析方法,对当地近3年的传染病网络报告质量进行分析. [结果]首诊医生当天填卡率2004～2006年分别是:80.79%、80.9l%和92.00%;诊断后24 h报告率分别是:50.70%、63.74%和88.87%;漏项率分别是10.32%、8.03%、6.59%. [结论]首诊医生及时(当天)填写传染病报告卡以及卡片及时交接是及时完成报告的关键环节,要稳步提高报告质量,必须强化医生及时填写报告卡的意识.     

Endothelial progenitor cells modulated by IL-1β in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in porcine

Objective To investigate the modulation of EPCs by interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and the pathogenesis resulting from their dysdifferenfiation after trauma.Method Thirty pigs were divided into a control group (n = 15) and a multiple organ dysfimction syndrome (MODS) group (n = 15), the latter of which were subjected to a "two-hit" injury including hemon'hagic shock and endotoxemia. Phosphorylation of p38MAPK in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was monitored by western blotting. The concentration of IL-1β in peripheral blood plasma was determined by ELISA and the numbers of EPCs with FCM in peripheral blood plasma were monitored. The morbidity rates in the two groups were compared by chi square test. The levels of phosphorylation of p38MAPK in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the concentmtions of IL-1β in peripheral blood plasma and the numbers of EPCs in the peripheral blood were compared between groups using with Student's t lest. Results The level of p38MAPK phosphorylation was more augmented and the concen-tration of IL-1β higher in peripheral blood mononuelear cells and plasma from MODS pigs compared with those from control pigs; nevertheless the mauler of EPC conspicuously decreased in the peripheral blood (P <0.01). The morbidity rate in the MODS group was much higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01). There were fewer EPCs in the peripheral blood of animals in group M than in the peripheral blood of animals in group C (P <0.01). Conclusions p38MAPK phosphorylation is important for the pathogenesis of MODS. p38MAPK phospho-rylation might cause the concentration of IL-1β in the peripheral blood plasma to rise and could cause a drop in the numbers of EPCs, thereby aggravating the inflanmmatory reaction in MODS.     

消毒后备用湿化瓶的干燥方法及存放时间探讨

氧气湿化瓶是输氧装置的一部分,使用率高,是一个极易带菌的感染源,其造成的医院内感染已被临床所证实[1],但其保存方法在护理操作中尚未规范化[2]。根据《医院感染管理规范》要求,氧气湿化瓶及其管道,用毕应终末消毒,干燥保存[3]。由于氧气湿化瓶及其管道是塑料制品,不能采用高     

老年人结肠癌并急性肠梗阻86例外科处理分析

目的探讨老年人结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的特点、诊断、外科处理方法与预后。方法回顾性分析我院2000年1月—2009年8月86例年龄〉60岁的老年患者手术治疗的结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻病人的临床资料,其中一期切除吻合58例（右半结肠一期切除吻合39例,左半结肠一期切除吻合19例）,分期手术19例（右半结肠4例,左半结肠15例）,行Hartmann手术。肿瘤无法切除行单纯结肠造瘘和捷径手术9例。结果术后出现并发症8例,发生率为9.3%,其中切口感染3例,腹腔感染2例,肺部感染2例,感染性休克1例,1例死亡,病死率1.2%,85例痊愈出院。结论老年人结肠癌致肠梗阻的外科治疗要根据老年病人的具体情况选择合理的术式,准确的早期诊断,恰当的围术期处理,正确的手术方式的选择,是提高其预后的关键。     

对某“癌症高发村”1990～2010年恶性肿瘤死亡调查分析

目的：对某“癌症高发村”村民1990年～2010年恶性肿瘤死亡情况进行回顾性调查,以确认村民所述“癌症高发”的真实性。方法：收集该地最近20年恶性肿瘤死亡患者资料,计算恶性肿瘤构成比和死亡率,并与全国水平相比较．．结果：恶性肿瘤死亡率为337．84／10万,高于全国农村平均水平128．65／10万;肝癌死亡率168．92／10万,高于全国农村平均水平26．93／10万;男性死亡率为472．94／10万,女性死亡率为202．70／10万,分别高于全国农村平均水平161．69／10万和93．75／10万;40岁以上的恶性肿瘤死亡患者有17人,占85．0％;13名死亡患者（65．0％）其疾病最高诊断单位为三级甲等医院。结论：恶性肿瘤是该地区村民的主要死亡原因之一,其死亡率高于全国农村平均水平,肝癌应为重点防治疾病。