某校大学生口腔牙龈细菌种类调查及链球菌的耐药性测定

目的 调查某校100名大学生牙龈细菌的种类及分布情况,并对分离出的13株链球菌进行耐药性的测定.方法 随机抽取100名大学生,于牙龈取样进行革兰染色,统计细菌种类及分布情况,并对分离出的13株链球菌经血琼脂板纯培养后进行平板纸片法药物敏感性试验测定耐药性.结果 该校100名大学生口腔微生物菌群有很强的多样性,其中最多的是球菌,尤其是双球菌；平板药物敏感性试验表明同l株链球菌对于不同的抗生素耐受情况不同；同1种抗生素对不同链球菌的杀伤能力不同；分离的13株链球菌对常用的5种抗生素(青霉素、链霉素、红霉素、氯霉素、卡那霉素)有很强的耐药性,青霉素和卡那霉素的耐药率均为100.00％,红霉素的耐药率为75.00％,链霉素的耐药率为69.23％,氯霉素的耐药率为15.38％.结论 (1)该校大学生牙龈细菌种类多样,以双球菌最为多见. (2)牙龈采样分离得到链球菌具有很强的耐药性,多为三重耐药菌株和四重耐药菌株,其中对青霉素和卡那霉素均为耐药菌株.     

Morphological and molecular identification of two strains of dermatophytes

In this study, we used traditional morphological and molecular identification methods to preliminarily identify two strains of dermatophytes. The two strains were observed under the micro- scope. And then the dermatophytes were cultured on Sabouraud＇s dextrose agar （SDA）. The 18S rRNA regions of the two dermatophyte strains were amplified by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）, and the PCR products were sequenced and compared with GenBank data. BLAST tools and DNAMAN soft- ware were used to analyze the sequences. To further determine highly homologous sequences, a phy- logenetic tree was constructed using the Neighbor-Joining method. The two strains of dermatophytes were identified by traditional morphological identification as Epidermophyton floccosurn and Micro- sporum ferrugineum. The 18S rRNA sequence analyses showed high similarities to Cladosporium cladosporioides isolate Cll5LM-UFPR and Ascomycete sp. LB68A1A2. Epidermophyton and Cladosporium belong to dermatophyte, while Microsporum ferrugineum and Ascomycete belong to mi- crosporum. The two novel strains of dermatophytes were therefore identified as Cladosporium cladosporioides isolate C115LM-UFPR （JN650537, Cladosporium ） and Ascomycete sp. LB68A1A2 （AY770409, Ascomycete sp）.     

某高校大一新生真菌感染患病情况调查

目的 了解某校大一新生真菌感染患病及真菌知识知晓情况,为制定相应预防措施提供依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,随机抽取班级,对所抽取班级的全体学生进行问卷调查.结果 该校大一新生真菌的患病率为60.0％,男女生差异无统计学意义,x2=1.12,P＞0.05.感染主要原因为共用脚盆、毛巾等卫生用具.多数学生对真菌感染预防知识了解不够,对真菌感染性疾病不甚了解,不能对这些疾病做出准确判断.结论 多数学生真菌感染患病率较高,尤以足癣患病率最高,应加强健康教育,培养良好的卫生习惯.