动脉粥样硬化的分子核医学研究进展

动脉粥样硬化涉及到全身多处重要的动脉，是导致成人死亡的主要原因之一。早期诊断动脉粥样硬化斑块尤其是不稳定斑块具有重要的临床意义。该疾病病理生理学的不断发展，显示出包括“金标准”X射线血管造影在内的常用显像方法的一些不足以及对更加完善的显像技术的需求。分子核医学技术利用核素标记参与动脉粥样硬化形成的中间物质或其表面的血栓进行显像，无创伤性地检测斑块的数量、进展程度、分布和组成，为早期发现动脉粥样硬化提供了可靠依据。     

99Tcm-HYNIC-Annexin V动脉粥样硬化显像的实验研究

目的 探讨99Tcm-联肼尼克酰胺(HYNIC)-膜联蛋白V(Annexin V)显像检测兔动脉粥样硬化(AS)病变的价值.方法 5只雄性日本大耳白兔通过免疫损伤血管和12周高脂饮食制备成AS模型(实验组),自兔耳缘静脉按体质量注射99Tcm-HYNIC-Annexin V 37 MBq/kg,分别行活体和离体血管的99Tcm-HYNIC-Annexin V显像.5只未经特殊处理的同种白兔行活体显像作为对照.对实验组兔的主动脉分段后,测定各片段质量和放射性计数,并进行病理学和免疫组织化学检查.采用SPSS 13.0软件对数据进行统计学处理.结果 显像剂注射后2h,实验组兔主动脉可见放射性摄取达峰值,而对照组未见明显的放射性摄取,前者靶/非靶(T/NT)比值(2.70±0.26)明显高于后者(1.30±0.13,t=1.99,P＜0.05).实验组兔的主动脉血管斑块片段放射性摄取(每克组织百分注射剂量率,%ID/g)为(0.075±0.016)%ID/g,明显高于非斑块血管片段[(0.035±0.013)%ID/g,前者是后者的(4.55±0.99)倍,t=4.77,P＜0.001];两者的凋亡细胞指数(AI)分别为(40.53±14.94)%和(11.90±7.09)%,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.54,P＜0.01).所有血管片段的放射性摄取(%ID/g值)与AI呈正相关(r=0.98,P＜0.001).结论 99Tcm-HYNIC-Annexin V可以无创性地检测AS斑块的凋亡.     

The Clinical Usefulness of ~(99m)Tc-Tetrofosmin Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis of Lung Neoplasmas and Mediastinal Lymphoid Node Involvement

In order to investigate the clinical significance of 99mTc-Tetrofosmin （TF） scintigraphy in the evaluation of lung cancer and mediastinal lymphoid node involvement, 33 patients with pulmo- nary neoplasmas were subjected to both 99mTc-TF scintigraphies and CT scans in one week before their operations or puncturations. All the images were judged visually and the emission images were analyzed with semi-quantitative methods in addition. The results of each group were compared. There was marked difference in target/non-target （T/N） ratio between the lung cancer group and the benign lesion group （P〈0.001）. Moreover, in the lung cancer group, T/N ratio in tomographies was signifi- cantly higher than that in planar images （P〈0.01）. The sensitivity and accuracy of semi-quantitative analysis in 99mTc-TF SPECT were significantly higher than those of CT in the diagnosis of pulmonary neoplasmas （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01 respectively）, so was the sensitivity of 99mTc-TF SPECT vs CT in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphoid node metastasis （P〈0.05）. It was also found that epidermoid squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas had a higher T/N ratio than in small cell carcinomas （P〈0.05）, and 2 h washout rate （WR） of adenocarcinomas was higher than that of epidermoid squamous cell carcinomas （P〈0.05）. In conclusion, 99mTc-TF scintigraphy showed a favorable diag- nostic accuracy in appraising lung cancers and mediastinal lymph node metastases. Furthermore semi-quantitative technology can improve the accuracy, and is potential to offer some information about histological type of the cancer tissue. Therefore, 99mTc-TF scintigraphy will be a useful tool in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.     

甲状腺乳头状癌术后刺激状态Tg预测131Ⅰ清甲治疗后Tg水平的价值

目的 探讨甲状腺乳头状癌患者术后刺激状态甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)水平预测131Ⅰ清除术后残留甲状腺组织(简称清甲)治疗后Tg水平的价值.方法 甲状腺乳头状癌患者138例,其中男28例,女110例,年龄6～70岁,平均39.4岁.所有患者均已行甲状腺全切或近全切除术,其中102例同时进行了颈部淋巴结清扫术,均经病理学检查确诊,于术后3～4周行131Ⅰ清甲治疗.131Ⅰ清甲治疗前后定期复查血清FT3、FT4、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、Tg抗体(TgAh)和Tg水平.采用SPSS 13.0软件行相关分析和两样本均数差异的t检验.结果 甲状腺切除术后和清甲治疗后刺激状态血清Tg水平呈明显正相关(r=0.960,P<0.01),清甲治疗后Tg阳性组和阴性组患者术后Tg水平分别为(199.8±327.7)μg/L、(3.5±5.6)μg/L,两组之间差异有统计学意义(t=5.567,P<0.01).76%(78例)患者有颈部淋巴结转移,41%(446枚)切除的淋巴结为阳性.颈部淋巴结转移数与术后及清甲治疗后刺激状态Tg水平呈明显正相关(r=0.697,0.633,P均<0.01).结论 甲状腺乳头状癌术后刺激状态Tg可有效预测131Ⅰ清甲治疗后Tg水平,甲状腺全切或近全切除术结合颈部淋巴结清扫术能有效降低清甲治疗后Tg阳性率.     

99Tcm-Tetrofosmin SPECT半定量分析诊断肺部肿瘤

目的评价^99Tc^m-Tetrofosmin SPECT半定量分析在判断肺部肿瘤良恶性的临床价值。方法对33例肺部肿块患者，行胸部^99Tc^m-Tetrofosmin显像和CT扫描，并对SPECT图像进行半定量分析。以最终的病理结果为标准，比较各组间结果。结果肺癌组的T／N值明显高于相应时相肺部良性病变组T／N值（P＜0．001）；且肺癌组断层显像的T／N值明显高于平面显像（P＜0．01）。其区分肺部原发性肿瘤良、恶性的灵敏度和准确性均高于CT（P＜0．05，P＜0．01）。肺鳞癌组和肺腺癌组的T／N值均高于小细胞肺癌组（P＜0．05）；而2h RI肺腺癌组要高于肺鳞癌组（P＜0．05）。结论^99Tc^m-Tetrofosmin SPECT半定量分析能准确、有效地探测肺部肿块，还可能为肺癌的组织类型提供更多的信息，在肺癌的诊断中具有重要的临床实用价值。     

99Tcm-ECD SPECT非侵入性的定量测定平均CBFl和rCBF理论及其应用研究

目的定量评价大脑及局部的平均脑血流量,应用     

老年男性肥胖高血压患者血清瘦素和胰岛素的变化

本文用RIA测定21例正常血压和41例高血压的老年男性肥胖和非肥胖患者血清瘦素和胰岛素的含量.结果显示:高血压非肥胖组与正常血压非肥胖组的血清瘦素和胰岛素的含量变化无显著性; 高血压肥胖组瘦素和胰岛素含量较正常血压肥胖组分别平均升高1.8μg/L和2.7mIU/L(P＜0.01); 高血压肥胖组较高血压非肥胖组瘦素和胰岛素含量分别平均升高2.7μg/L和4.7mIU/L(P＜0.001);胰岛素敏感指数在高血压肥胖组、正常血压肥胖组、高血压非肥胖组、正常血压非肥胖组中依次递减(相对ISI分别为0.50, 0.68, 0.92, 1).提示: 老年男性高血压肥胖患者中存在瘦素抵抗和胰岛素抵抗, 瘦素与伴肥胖的高血压有密切关系.     

Prognostic value of postoperative stimulated thyroglobulin levels on 131Ⅰ ablation therapy in papillary thyroid cancer

Objective Stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) levels postablation was associated with disease recurrence in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of postoperative stimulated Tg level on future Tg positivity after 131Ⅰ ablation therapy in PTC. Methods One hundred and thirty-eight patients (28 men, 110 women; age range 6-70 years, mean age 39.4 years) with PTC were included in this study. All patients underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy, and 102 of these patients had lymphadenectomy. All patients had a documented PTC. 131Ⅰ ablation was performed in 3- 4 weeks after thyroidectomy. Sera levels of thyroid hormones (FT3, FT4), thyrotropin (TSH), anti-Tg anti-body (TgAb), and Tg were measured before and after 131Ⅰ ablation. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 13.0 software, and correlation anaysis and t-test were used. Results Postoperative stimulated Tg lev-el had a significantly positive association with pestablation stimulated Tg level (r = 0. 960, P < 0.01). Postoperative stimulated Tg level in positive postablation Tg group was significantly higher than that in nega-tive pestablation Tg group [(199.8±327.7) μg/L vs (3.5±5.6) μg/L, t =5. 567, P <0.01]. About 76% (78/102) patients had evidence of metastatic cervical lymph nodes on routine histological testing. And 41% (446/1088) resected lymph nodes were histologically positive for metastatic disease. The number of metastatic lymph nodes resected had a significantly positive relationship with stimulated Tg at pestopera-tion and postablation (r = 0. 697, 0. 633, both P < 0.01). Conclusions Postoperative stimulated Tg level was of better prognostic value on stimulated Tg level after 131Ⅰ ablation therapy. Total or near-total thyroidec-tomy simultaneously conjugated with lymphadenectomy might have a better result in lower postablation stimu-lated Tg pesitivity in patients with PTC.     

Prognostic value of postoperative stimulated thyroglobulin levels on 131Ⅰ ablation therapy in papillary thyroid cancer

Objective Stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) levels postablation was associated with disease recurrence in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of postoperative stimulated Tg level on future Tg positivity after 131Ⅰ ablation therapy in PTC. Methods One hundred and thirty-eight patients (28 men, 110 women; age range 6-70 years, mean age 39.4 years) with PTC were included in this study. All patients underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy, and 102 of these patients had lymphadenectomy. All patients had a documented PTC. 131Ⅰ ablation was performed in 3- 4 weeks after thyroidectomy. Sera levels of thyroid hormones (FT3, FT4), thyrotropin (TSH), anti-Tg anti-body (TgAb), and Tg were measured before and after 131Ⅰ ablation. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 13.0 software, and correlation anaysis and t-test were used. Results Postoperative stimulated Tg lev-el had a significantly positive association with pestablation stimulated Tg level (r = 0. 960, P < 0.01). Postoperative stimulated Tg level in positive postablation Tg group was significantly higher than that in nega-tive pestablation Tg group [(199.8±327.7) μg/L vs (3.5±5.6) μg/L, t =5. 567, P <0.01]. About 76% (78/102) patients had evidence of metastatic cervical lymph nodes on routine histological testing. And 41% (446/1088) resected lymph nodes were histologically positive for metastatic disease. The number of metastatic lymph nodes resected had a significantly positive relationship with stimulated Tg at pestopera-tion and postablation (r = 0. 697, 0. 633, both P < 0.01). Conclusions Postoperative stimulated Tg level was of better prognostic value on stimulated Tg level after 131Ⅰ ablation therapy. Total or near-total thyroidec-tomy simultaneously conjugated with lymphadenectomy might have a better result in lower postablation stimu-lated Tg pesitivity in patients with PTC.     

Prognostic value of postoperative stimulated thyroglobulin levels on 131Ⅰ ablation therapy in papillary thyroid cancer

Objective Stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) levels postablation was associated with disease recurrence in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of postoperative stimulated Tg level on future Tg positivity after 131Ⅰ ablation therapy in PTC. Methods One hundred and thirty-eight patients (28 men, 110 women; age range 6-70 years, mean age 39.4 years) with PTC were included in this study. All patients underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy, and 102 of these patients had lymphadenectomy. All patients had a documented PTC. 131Ⅰ ablation was performed in 3- 4 weeks after thyroidectomy. Sera levels of thyroid hormones (FT3, FT4), thyrotropin (TSH), anti-Tg anti-body (TgAb), and Tg were measured before and after 131Ⅰ ablation. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 13.0 software, and correlation anaysis and t-test were used. Results Postoperative stimulated Tg lev-el had a significantly positive association with pestablation stimulated Tg level (r = 0. 960, P < 0.01). Postoperative stimulated Tg level in positive postablation Tg group was significantly higher than that in nega-tive pestablation Tg group [(199.8±327.7) μg/L vs (3.5±5.6) μg/L, t =5. 567, P <0.01]. About 76% (78/102) patients had evidence of metastatic cervical lymph nodes on routine histological testing. And 41% (446/1088) resected lymph nodes were histologically positive for metastatic disease. The number of metastatic lymph nodes resected had a significantly positive relationship with stimulated Tg at pestopera-tion and postablation (r = 0. 697, 0. 633, both P < 0.01). Conclusions Postoperative stimulated Tg level was of better prognostic value on stimulated Tg level after 131Ⅰ ablation therapy. Total or near-total thyroidec-tomy simultaneously conjugated with lymphadenectomy might have a better result in lower postablation stimu-lated Tg pesitivity in patients with PTC.