治疗前外周血炎性标志物对EGFR突变阳性晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的预后价值研究

  目的  探讨治疗前外周血炎性标志物在表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor，EGFR）阳性晚期非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer，NSCLC）患者中的预后作用。  方法  回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年10月中国人民解放军总医院第五医学中心142例EGFR突变阳性晚期NSCLC患者临床资料。通过受试者工作特征曲线（receiver operating characteristic curve，ROC）确定中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞计数比值（neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio，NLR）、血小板与淋巴细胞计数比值（platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio，PLR）、系统免疫炎症指数（systemic immune-inflammation index，SII）和淋巴细胞与单核细胞计数比值（lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio，LMR）的最佳临界值，应用Kaplan-Meier方法进行生存分析。Cox比例风险模型评估各变量的预测价值。  结果  NLR、PLR、SII和LMR的最佳临界值分别为2.60、167.32、687.39和3.13。根据最佳临界值分别将研究对象分为高值组和低值组，高NLR、PLR和SII组的中位无进展生存期（median progression-free survival，mPFS）及中位总生存期（median overall survival，mOS）均显著低于低值组中相应值，高LMR组mPFS及mOS较低LMR组延长。  结论  治疗前升高的NLR、PLR、SII和降低的LMR可能与接受靶向治疗的EGFR突变阳性晚期NSCLC患者的不良预后相关。      

Analysis on internal mechanism of zedoary turmeric in treatment of liver cancer based on pharmacodynamic substances and pharmacodynamic groups

Zedoary tumeric (Curcumae Rhizoma, Ezhu in Chinese) has a long history of application and has great potential in the treatment of liver cancer. The anti liver cancer effect of zedoary tumeric depends on the combined action of multiple pharmacodynamic substances. In order to clarify the specific mechanism of zedoary tumeric against liver cancer, this paper first analyzes the mechanism of its single pharmacodynamic substance against liver cancer, and then verifies the joint anti liver cancer mechanism of its "pharmacodynamic group". By searching the research on the anti hepatoma effect of active components of zedoary tumeric in recent years, we found that pharmacodynamic substances, including curcumol, zedoarondiol, curcumenol, curzerenone, curdione, curcumin, germacrone, β-elemene, can act on multi-target and multi-channel to play an anti hepatoma role. For example, curcumin can regulate miR, GLO1, CD133, VEGF, YAP, LIN28B, GPR81, HCAR-1, P53 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR, HSP70/TLR4 and NF-κB. Wnt/TGF/EMT, Nrf2/Keap1, JAK/STAT and other pathways play an anti hepatoma role. Network pharmacological analysis showed that the core targets of the "pharmacodynamic group" for anti-life cancer are AKT1, EGFR, MAPK8, etc, and the core pathways are neuroactive live receiver interaction, nitrogen metabolism, HIF-1 signaling pathway, etc. At the same time, by comparing and analyzing the relationship between the specific mechanisms of pharmacodynamic substance and "pharmacodynamic group", it is found that they have great reference significance in target, pathway, biological function, determination of core pharmacodynamic components, formation of core target protein interaction, in-depth research of single pharmacodynamic substance, increasing curative effect and so on. By analyzing the internal mechanism of zedoary tumeric pharmacodynamic substance and "pharmacodynamic group" in the treatment of liver cancer, this paper intends to provide some ideas and references for the deeper pharmacological research of zedoary tumeric and the relationship between pharmacodynamic substance and "pharmacodynamic group".     

Effects of the Clearing the Lung and Dissipating Phlegm Method in the Treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the clearing the lung and dissipating phlegm method in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and to provide evidence for the treatment of the disease. Materials and Methods: Literature was searched from the United States National Library of Medicine(PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database(Wanfang), and the Full?Text Database of Chinese Scientific and Technical Periodicals(VIP).A comprehensive collection was made of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) before June 2018, in which the treatment groups used either the clearing the lung and dissipating phlegm formulas only or combined it with routine Western medicine therapy, and the control group adopted routine Western medicine therapy only for the acute exacerbation of COPD. The Cochrane risk of bias method was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. The data were analyzed and retrieved independently by two reviewers before meta?analysis was carried out with RevMan 5.3 software to evaluate the primary outcome measures, including the total clinical effective rate, and the secondary outcome measures such as the pulmonary function(forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in the 1 s [FEV1], percentage of FEV1 [FEV1%], and FEV1/FVC)and blood gases(PaO_2 and PaCo_2). Results: A total of 13 RCTs involving 990 patients(496 in the treatment group and 494 in the control group)were included in this study. Meta?analysis revealed significant difference in the efficacy of the group that adopted solely the routine Western medicine method and the group that combined the Western medicine with the clearing the lung and dissipating phlegm method. Outcome measures including the pulmonary function(FVC, FEV1, FEV1%, and FEV1/FVC) and the blood gases(PaO_2 and PaCo_2) were significantly improved as compared to the control group(P 0.00001). However, adverse effects in the treatment group using combined traditional Chinese medicine were not reported due to the short observation time of the study. Conclusion: The clearing the lung and dissipating phlegm method can improve the efficacy in the treatment of acute exacerbation of COPD, the outcome measures of the pulmonary function and the blood gases,as well as the life quality of the patients. However, due to the fact that the existing studies are generally of poor quality in which randomization and its implementation were not properly carried out, more high?quality RCTs are necessary to confirm the findings of this study.     

超声引导下穿刺置管引流治疗妊娠期合并高位肛周脓肿的疗效观察

目的探讨超声引导下穿刺置管引流治疗妊娠期合并高位肛周脓肿的疗效。方法选取2016年1月至2017年10月沧州市中心医院诊治的100例妊娠期合并肛周脓肿患者作为研究对象。将其随机分为两组,每组50例患者。观察组50例患者采用超声引导下穿刺置管引流,对照组50例患者采用高位切开挂线术。对两组患者疼痛程度和肛门括约肌功能进行评分,评价治疗效果,并记录患者住院时间、住院费用、创面愈合时间等情况,随访观察患者复发和并发症发生。结果观察组患者痊愈率为98.0%,对照组患者痊愈率为94.0%,其差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者创面愈合时间、住院时间和住院费用均少于对照组患者,其差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05);两组患者术后疼痛评分和肛门括约肌功能评分均明显降低,观察组患者相关评分均低于对照组患者,其差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组患者并发症发生率(2.0%)低于对照组患者并发症发生率(22.0%),其差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者复发率(0%)低于对照组患者复发率(16.0%),其差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对妊娠期合并高位肛周脓肿患者采用超声引导下穿刺置管引流治疗,疗效肯定,对患者损伤小,并发症少,复发率低,值得临床推广应用。     

透析室严重护理不良事件原因分析与防范

透析室是通过血液透析进行肾脏替代疗法的场所，其治疗目的是为尿毒症患者清除体内代谢废物，排除多余水分，纠正电解质和酸碱平衡[1]。治疗中护理人员要为患者进行4.5 h~5.5 h的护理，护理质量的高低严重影响治疗效果。本文选择我院2014年1月—6月收治的3例透析时发生严重不良事件的资料进行分析，探讨其原因及相应的防范措施，现报道如下。     

回族地区农村留守幼儿家庭教育问题探析 ——以宁夏同心县(马高庄乡)为例

一、该乡农村"留守幼儿"家庭教育现状 (一)该乡留守幼儿家庭教育类型 通过对该乡90(回收85份)名监护人的调查,调查研究了同心县回族地区农村留守幼儿的生活和教育类型. 通过调查数据可以看出,该乡主要教育类型为隔代养育型,是农村留守幼儿的主要家庭方式,同心县(马高庄乡)农村留守幼儿生活在隔代家庭的人数比例高达44.7%.隔代养育家庭的父母均外出打工,而年幼子女留在农村家里跟爷爷、奶奶或姥姥、姥爷一起生活.