无张力性吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁

目的探讨无张力阴道吊带术(tension-free vaginal tape，TVT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁的疗效。方法13例经尿动力学检查证实为压力性尿失禁在连续硬膜外麻醉下经阴道前壁行无张力阴道吊带术，低平截石位，经阴道前壁向上穿刺尿道两侧间隙，从耻骨上腹壁引出TVT吊带，调整张力，关闭切口。结果手术时间15～45min，平均35min。13例随访6～24个月，平均13个月，12例治愈，1例改善，无尿失禁复发或排尿困难。结论TVT操作简单，创伤小，手术时间短，术后恢复快，治疗压力性尿失禁疗效好。     

药事服务信息平台设计与实现

介绍了医院建设药事服务平台的功能架构及技术实现方法。药事服务信息平台整合了医院、药品生产商、药品供应商多方资源,集成了药品供应流程中的计划采购、药品配送、库存管理、药品使用等流程,实现了全品种的批次批号管理,并可实现药品全生命周期的追溯跟踪。对于推进国家医改进程,减少药品流通中间环节,降低总成本,提高医药供应链效率,控制药价有着重要的实践意义和推广价值,同时为医院节省了大量人力、场地和资金。     

集成化供应链药事服务项目在药品流通管理中的应用

面对新医改的要求以及医院间日益激烈的竞争,如何在提高医院的整体服务质量的同时不断降低医院的运营成本,更好地为患者服务已经成为医院管理的重要内容?其中降低药品流通成本又是最核心的因素,也是社会普遍关注的热点话题?为此,采用信息化手段,通过对医院药品流通的数个环节的整合重构,采用一体化的管理模式开发集成化供应链药事服务项目?通过该项目的实施减少了药品流通环节及药品流通成本,提高了药品周转率,降低了药品库存量及药品占用款,实现了医院药品流通的精细化管理?为医院药品流通的科学管理奠定了实践基础,同时转变了管理理念     

人肾微血管内皮细胞转分化在移植肾间质纤维化形成中的作用

目的:探讨人肾微血管内皮细胞-间充质细胞转分化(endothelial-mesenchymal transition,EndMT)在移植肾间质纤维化形成中的意义及相关机制?方法:通过对南京医科大学第一附属医院25例慢性移植肾失功能(chronic allograft dysfunction,CAD)患者和25例正常人血生化指标进行分析,对移植肾组织标本和正常肾组织标本进行糖原(PAS)和马松三色(Masson)染色检查分析,观察两组肾功能?肾小管萎缩?肾小球塌陷及肾间质纤维化程度的差异?用免疫组织化学和间接免疫荧光双重染色方法检测两组肾组织标本中血管内皮细胞标志物CD34和肌成纤维细胞标志物α-平滑肌细胞肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)以及转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)的表达和分布特点?进一步以原代人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVECs)为体外研究对象,以TGF-β1(5 ng/ml)作用0~72 h,采用免疫印迹方法观察细胞中CD34和α-SMA的表达变化?结果:与正常人相比,CAD患者血清肌酐水平明显升高,PAS和Masson三色染色结果显示CAD患者移植肾组织中出现明显肾小管萎缩?肾小球塌陷及肾间质纤维化改变;半定量统计分析结果表明两者间存在统计学差异(P < 0.01)?免疫组织化学及间接免疫荧光染色结果表明,与正常组相比,CAD组中CD34阳性表达率降低而α-SMA及TGF-β1阳性表达率显著升高,CAD组中部分肾小球和间质微血管内皮细胞呈CD34和α-SMA双重染色阳性?体外研究显示,TGF-β1作用于HUVECs细胞后,随着时间延长,CD34表达逐渐降低而α-SMA表达逐渐增多,与对照组相比,具有统计学差异(P < 0.01)?结论:人肾微血管内皮细胞可能在TGF-β1介导下通过发生EndMT现象进而在移植肾间质纤维化形成中起重要作用?     

心脏死亡后供肾来源感染的预防

正终末期肾病的最佳治疗手段是肾移植。我国目前应用于移植的供体主要来源于中国公民逝世后器官捐献(CDCD),而CDCD中采用较多的器官是来自心脏死亡器官捐献(DCD)供体或心-脑双死亡器官捐献(DBCD)。笔者临床实践中发现,当前DCD供体具有年龄偏大、基础疾病较多、ICU治疗时间较长、潜在感染风险较高和用药史复杂的特点,且DCD供肾过程中不可避免的热缺血时间较长,增加了肾移植术后移植物功能延迟恢复(DGF)的发生。这些因素进而导致中长期移植肾功能恢复不理想以及供体来源的感染(DDI)。本文就DCD供肾中DDI的预防谈谈一些经验和教训。     

曲尼司特对环孢素A诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质转变的抑制作用

目的 研究曲尼司特(Tran)对环孢素A(CsA)诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)向间充质转变的影响,并探讨该药抗纤维化的机制.方法 所有用于实验的HK-2细胞株均为8～12代细胞,分为4组:(1)空白对照组,收获细胞,不做任何处理;(2)CsA组,加入4.2μmol/LCsA;(3)CsA+Tran组,预先加入100μmol/L Tran,作用2 h后再加入4.2 μmol/L CsA;(4)Tran组,仅加入100μmol/L Tran.72 h后于共聚焦显微镜下观察各组细胞形态学变化;用免疫荧光法以及免疫印迹法检测各组钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、平滑肌肌动蛋白α(α-SMA)和骨桥蛋白(OPN)的表达.结果 HK-2细胞在正常情况下表现为典型的"鹅卵石"样形态,细胞圆钝,且与邻近的细胞连接较为紧密;空白对照组和Tran组细胞表现为典型的HK-2细胞形态;CsA组细胞变狭长,甚至向周边伸出"伪足"样改变,细胞间连接较为稀疏;CsA+Tran组的细胞形态学改变有明显改善.CsA组细胞E-cadherin荧光表达强度明显弱于对照组,α-SMA、OPN荧光表达强于对照组;CsA+Tran组细胞E-cadherin荧光表达强于CsA组,α-SMA、OPN荧光表达弱于CsA组.免疫印迹检查中,CsA组细胞E-cadherin 的表达明显低于对照组,而α-SMA、OPN的表达明显高于对照组,CsA+Tran组细胞E-cadherin的表达高于CsA组,而α-SMA、OPN的表达低于CsA组.结论 曲尼司特能抑制CsA诱导的HK-2细胞由肾小管上皮向间充质细胞转化的过程,其机制可能与抑制OPN的表达有关.

Abstract：

Objective To study the effect of tranilast on cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human renal tubular epithelial cells, and investigate the mechanism of its antifibrotic effect. Methods Cultured HK-2 cells were divided into four groups: (1)In the control group, cells were treated without any medicine; (2) The cell were treated with CsA (4. 2μmol/L) for 72 h; (3) The cells were treated with a combination of CsA (4. 2 μmol/L) and tranilast (100μmol/L); (4) The cells were treated with tranilast (100 μmol/L) alone for 72 h.Morphological changes of the cells were assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. The immunofluorescence and Western blotting were adopted to detect the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA and OPN mRNA and proteins respectively. Results Tranilast could markedly ameliorate the morphological changes of HK-2 cells stimulated by CsA. The irmmunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of E-cadherin was markedly decreased in HK-2 cells stimulated with CsA for 72 as compared with the control group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN was significantly higher in CsA group than the control group. The expression of E-cadherin in the CsA + Tranilast group was higher than the CsA group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN in the CsA + Tranilast group was lower than the CsA group. Western blotting showed that protein expression level of E-cadherin in CsA group was dramatically lower than that in the control group (P＜0. 05), while that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA group was significantly higher than in the control group (P＜0.05). The protein expression level of E-cadherin in HK-2 cells in the CsA + Tranilast group was markedly higher than in the CsA group (P＜0.05), and that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA + Tranilast group was significantly lower than in the CsA group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Tranilast can block the CsA-induced epithelialto-mesenchymal transition in HK-2 cells probably by suppressing the expression of OPN.     

曲尼司特对环孢素A诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质转变的抑制作用

Objective To study the effect of tranilast on cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human renal tubular epithelial cells, and investigate the mechanism of its antifibrotic effect. Methods Cultured HK-2 cells were divided into four groups: (1)In the control group, cells were treated without any medicine; (2) The cell were treated with CsA (4. 2μmol/L) for 72 h; (3) The cells were treated with a combination of CsA (4. 2 μmol/L) and tranilast (100μmol/L); (4) The cells were treated with tranilast (100 μmol/L) alone for 72 h.Morphological changes of the cells were assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. The immunofluorescence and Western blotting were adopted to detect the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA and OPN mRNA and proteins respectively. Results Tranilast could markedly ameliorate the morphological changes of HK-2 cells stimulated by CsA. The irmmunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of E-cadherin was markedly decreased in HK-2 cells stimulated with CsA for 72 as compared with the control group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN was significantly higher in CsA group than the control group. The expression of E-cadherin in the CsA + Tranilast group was higher than the CsA group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN in the CsA + Tranilast group was lower than the CsA group. Western blotting showed that protein expression level of E-cadherin in CsA group was dramatically lower than that in the control group (P＜0. 05), while that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA group was significantly higher than in the control group (P＜0.05). The protein expression level of E-cadherin in HK-2 cells in the CsA + Tranilast group was markedly higher than in the CsA group (P＜0.05), and that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA + Tranilast group was significantly lower than in the CsA group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Tranilast can block the CsA-induced epithelialto-mesenchymal transition in HK-2 cells probably by suppressing the expression of OPN.     

腹腔镜活体供肾切取术10例报告

目的　探讨活体供肾切取新方法。方法　对 10名亲属活体供肾者采用腹腔镜切取供肾 ,供者采用全身麻醉 ,经腹腔途径 ,取右侧卧位 ,在脐旁、剑突下偏右及左腹股沟韧带中点上方1.5cm各开一孔 ,脐旁放入观察镜 ,另两孔为操作孔。供肾经左下腹操作孔的延长切口用手取出。供、受者术后随访 2～ 12个月。结果　供肾切取耗时 (3.6± 0 .6 )h ,热缺血时间平均 4 .5min ;供者术后无并发症发生 ,肾功能正常 ,住院时间 (5± 1)d ,术后 2个月内均恢复正常工作。结论　腹腔镜活体供肾切取术是一种创伤小的供肾切取方法 ,供者术后疼痛轻 ,恢复快。