无张力性吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁

目的探讨无张力阴道吊带术(tension-free vaginal tape，TVT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁的疗效。方法13例经尿动力学检查证实为压力性尿失禁在连续硬膜外麻醉下经阴道前壁行无张力阴道吊带术，低平截石位，经阴道前壁向上穿刺尿道两侧间隙，从耻骨上腹壁引出TVT吊带，调整张力，关闭切口。结果手术时间15～45min，平均35min。13例随访6～24个月，平均13个月，12例治愈，1例改善，无尿失禁复发或排尿困难。结论TVT操作简单，创伤小，手术时间短，术后恢复快，治疗压力性尿失禁疗效好。     

心脏死亡后供肾来源感染的预防

正终末期肾病的最佳治疗手段是肾移植。我国目前应用于移植的供体主要来源于中国公民逝世后器官捐献(CDCD),而CDCD中采用较多的器官是来自心脏死亡器官捐献(DCD)供体或心-脑双死亡器官捐献(DBCD)。笔者临床实践中发现,当前DCD供体具有年龄偏大、基础疾病较多、ICU治疗时间较长、潜在感染风险较高和用药史复杂的特点,且DCD供肾过程中不可避免的热缺血时间较长,增加了肾移植术后移植物功能延迟恢复(DGF)的发生。这些因素进而导致中长期移植肾功能恢复不理想以及供体来源的感染(DDI)。本文就DCD供肾中DDI的预防谈谈一些经验和教训。     

药事服务信息平台设计与实现

介绍了医院建设药事服务平台的功能架构及技术实现方法。药事服务信息平台整合了医院、药品生产商、药品供应商多方资源,集成了药品供应流程中的计划采购、药品配送、库存管理、药品使用等流程,实现了全品种的批次批号管理,并可实现药品全生命周期的追溯跟踪。对于推进国家医改进程,减少药品流通中间环节,降低总成本,提高医药供应链效率,控制药价有着重要的实践意义和推广价值,同时为医院节省了大量人力、场地和资金。     

曲尼司特对环孢素A诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质转变的抑制作用

Objective To study the effect of tranilast on cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human renal tubular epithelial cells, and investigate the mechanism of its antifibrotic effect. Methods Cultured HK-2 cells were divided into four groups: (1)In the control group, cells were treated without any medicine; (2) The cell were treated with CsA (4. 2μmol/L) for 72 h; (3) The cells were treated with a combination of CsA (4. 2 μmol/L) and tranilast (100μmol/L); (4) The cells were treated with tranilast (100 μmol/L) alone for 72 h.Morphological changes of the cells were assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. The immunofluorescence and Western blotting were adopted to detect the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA and OPN mRNA and proteins respectively. Results Tranilast could markedly ameliorate the morphological changes of HK-2 cells stimulated by CsA. The irmmunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of E-cadherin was markedly decreased in HK-2 cells stimulated with CsA for 72 as compared with the control group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN was significantly higher in CsA group than the control group. The expression of E-cadherin in the CsA + Tranilast group was higher than the CsA group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN in the CsA + Tranilast group was lower than the CsA group. Western blotting showed that protein expression level of E-cadherin in CsA group was dramatically lower than that in the control group (P＜0. 05), while that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA group was significantly higher than in the control group (P＜0.05). The protein expression level of E-cadherin in HK-2 cells in the CsA + Tranilast group was markedly higher than in the CsA group (P＜0.05), and that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA + Tranilast group was significantly lower than in the CsA group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Tranilast can block the CsA-induced epithelialto-mesenchymal transition in HK-2 cells probably by suppressing the expression of OPN.     

胰、十二指肠及肾联合获取、修整和保存的实验研究

目的：对供者胰、十二指肠及肾等器官的联合获取、修整和保存方法进行研究。方法：采用原位腹主动脉插管、低温灌注、快速整块切取及体外修整获得可供移植的胰、十二指肠及肾移植物。2例用UW液保存的供胰用于实验研究。结果：获取8例供者的移植物,平均热缺血时间为4min50s,获取时间为18min20s。7例修整成适用于临床作胰、十二指肠及肾的移植物,平均时间为2h。后4次采用UW液灌注和保存的供者器官中,对其中2例供胰进行了保存研究,UW液保存18h的供胰超微结构正常。结论：此方法适合于供者胰、十二指肠及肾的联合获取、修整和保存。     

曲尼司特对环孢素A诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质转变的抑制作用

目的 研究曲尼司特(Tran)对环孢素A(CsA)诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)向间充质转变的影响,并探讨该药抗纤维化的机制.方法 所有用于实验的HK-2细胞株均为8～12代细胞,分为4组:(1)空白对照组,收获细胞,不做任何处理;(2)CsA组,加入4.2μmol/LCsA;(3)CsA+Tran组,预先加入100μmol/L Tran,作用2 h后再加入4.2 μmol/L CsA;(4)Tran组,仅加入100μmol/L Tran.72 h后于共聚焦显微镜下观察各组细胞形态学变化;用免疫荧光法以及免疫印迹法检测各组钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、平滑肌肌动蛋白α(α-SMA)和骨桥蛋白(OPN)的表达.结果 HK-2细胞在正常情况下表现为典型的"鹅卵石"样形态,细胞圆钝,且与邻近的细胞连接较为紧密;空白对照组和Tran组细胞表现为典型的HK-2细胞形态;CsA组细胞变狭长,甚至向周边伸出"伪足"样改变,细胞间连接较为稀疏;CsA+Tran组的细胞形态学改变有明显改善.CsA组细胞E-cadherin荧光表达强度明显弱于对照组,α-SMA、OPN荧光表达强于对照组;CsA+Tran组细胞E-cadherin荧光表达强于CsA组,α-SMA、OPN荧光表达弱于CsA组.免疫印迹检查中,CsA组细胞E-cadherin 的表达明显低于对照组,而α-SMA、OPN的表达明显高于对照组,CsA+Tran组细胞E-cadherin的表达高于CsA组,而α-SMA、OPN的表达低于CsA组.结论 曲尼司特能抑制CsA诱导的HK-2细胞由肾小管上皮向间充质细胞转化的过程,其机制可能与抑制OPN的表达有关.

Abstract：

Objective To study the effect of tranilast on cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human renal tubular epithelial cells, and investigate the mechanism of its antifibrotic effect. Methods Cultured HK-2 cells were divided into four groups: (1)In the control group, cells were treated without any medicine; (2) The cell were treated with CsA (4. 2μmol/L) for 72 h; (3) The cells were treated with a combination of CsA (4. 2 μmol/L) and tranilast (100μmol/L); (4) The cells were treated with tranilast (100 μmol/L) alone for 72 h.Morphological changes of the cells were assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. The immunofluorescence and Western blotting were adopted to detect the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA and OPN mRNA and proteins respectively. Results Tranilast could markedly ameliorate the morphological changes of HK-2 cells stimulated by CsA. The irmmunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of E-cadherin was markedly decreased in HK-2 cells stimulated with CsA for 72 as compared with the control group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN was significantly higher in CsA group than the control group. The expression of E-cadherin in the CsA + Tranilast group was higher than the CsA group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN in the CsA + Tranilast group was lower than the CsA group. Western blotting showed that protein expression level of E-cadherin in CsA group was dramatically lower than that in the control group (P＜0. 05), while that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA group was significantly higher than in the control group (P＜0.05). The protein expression level of E-cadherin in HK-2 cells in the CsA + Tranilast group was markedly higher than in the CsA group (P＜0.05), and that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA + Tranilast group was significantly lower than in the CsA group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Tranilast can block the CsA-induced epithelialto-mesenchymal transition in HK-2 cells probably by suppressing the expression of OPN.     

“医院感染控制宣传周”对医务人员医院感染认知的影响 FREE

目的了解“医院感染控制宣传周”活动对医务人员相关医院感染知识的认知影响。方法采用问卷调查方法,在“医院感染控制宣传周”活动前后分别对医务人员进行调查。结果医务人员对医院感染知识的得分率在“医院感染控制宣传周”活动后为65.66%,较活动前60.13%明显升高（χ2=91.08,P＜0.01）,其中对“手卫生指征”得分率最高,达98.86%。对“职业暴露预防措施”认知率,活动后为60.29%,明显高于活动前的45.93%（χ2=28.95,P＜0.01）。结论“医院感染控制宣传周”对于提高医务人员医院感染的认知率有积极的促进作用,应予以推广。     

后腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术治疗复杂肾错构瘤经验

目的：探讨后腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术治疗复杂肾错构瘤的技巧及临床价值。方法：采用后腹腔镜下保留肾单位术式治疗5例大体积或多发性复杂肾错构瘤,其中4例行肾错构瘤剜除术,1例行肾部分切除术。结果：5例患者共切除瘤体7个,直径2.5~14.0 cm,术后无1例发生出血、尿瘘,术后肾功能均稳定,随访3~12个月,无1例肿瘤残留或复发。结论：后腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术治疗复杂肾错构瘤安全可行,有效地控制出血和保护肾功能是手术成功的关键。