扫日劳-7胶囊治疗急性气管、支气管炎56例观察

我院呼吸科于 2 0 0 2年 7月～ 12月以蒙药三类新药扫日劳 7胶囊治疗急性气管、支气管炎 (中医辨证为痰热壅肺证 ) 5 6例 ,并随机设对照组 2 0例 ,应用神奇枇杷止咳胶囊 ,进行对比分析 ,现报告如下 :1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　两组共 76例 ,门诊病人 5 6列 ,占 85 % ,住院病人 2 0例 ,占 15 %。随机分为治疗组 5 6例 ,男 2 7例 ,女 2 9例 ,年龄最大 6 5岁 ,最小 19岁 ,病程最短 1d ,最长 3d ;对照组2 0例 ,男 10例 ,女 10例 ,年龄最大 6 5岁 ,最小 19例 ,病程最短1d,最长 3d。两组病例均无既往史及药物过敏史 ,治疗前均未经任何药物治疗 ,…     

止嗽散加减治疗干咳

咳嗽常见且难治,然而干咳其治更难。笔者地处北方,其秋、冬、早春季节,气候寒冷,多风而干燥,本病较为多见。本文所述之证多发病在此季节。 西医诊断为“急性上呼吸道感染”、“急性气管—支气管炎”、“肺炎”等疾病。经抗炎、止咳、清热解毒、宣肺诸多治疗后,余证均除,唯遗有频频干咳,经月不愈,长达半年之久,故因咳所苦而求治。查其周围血象、X线胸片、心电图等无异常。 主要见证为频频干咳、无痰或痰少而粘,不易咯出,口干咽燥,鼻干,喉痒,便干,舌红少津,苔白簿黄,脉数,右脉略大。     

任继学教授治验零拾

任继学教授,从医四十多年,学验俱丰.兹将随诊期间收集的一些经验介绍如下.程气散结消心痛厥心痛是临床上最为常见的病证.证见心区痞闷、隐隐作痛或刺痛、休息后症缓,劳累或情志波动则病作或加重.其重者突然发病,心区刺痛欲厥,心悸、气促、大汗淋漓、四肢厥冷、面     

CCERW:一种预测中老年人社区获得性肺炎临床无效结局的工具

目的 建立一种预测中国中老年人社区获得性肺炎(CAP)临床无效结局的工具,并与其他工具进行对比.方法 前瞻性收集2006年12月17日至2008年12月22日3所高校教学医院呼吸内科住院部收治的年龄≥45岁并确诊为CAP患者的数据,按随机数字表法将其中75%的患者数据用于工具的建立(推导组),25%的患者数据用于工具内部真实性的检验(内部组).同期收集另外一所高校教学医院的患者数据用于工具外部真实性的检验(外部组).结局定义为患者入院14 d或未满14 d出院时的临床无效状态.观测指标包括社会人口学特征、基础疾病和既往情况、并发症、症状、体征、辅助检查结果共6个方面58个因素.采用单因素分析、多因素分析和受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析结合的方法进行工具的建立和评价,并与肺炎严重度指数(PSI)、英国胸科协会评估标准(CURB65)及其修订版(CRB65)等预测工具对临床结局的判断能力进行比较.结果 3个中心共纳入539例CAP患者的资料用于数据分析,其中推导组400例,内部组139例;外部组159例.以推导组400例数据进行单因素分析显示,共6个方面33个变量在痊愈和临床无效两组间差异有统计学意义;并以此进行多因素分析显示,精神混乱(C)、肌酐(Cr)＜60 μmol/L、电解质紊乱(E)、呼吸衰竭(R)、白细胞计数(WBC)＞7.5×109/L 5个因素差异有统计学意义.以此5个变量建立预后工具,即CCERW,将患者分为3个危险级别:得0～1分者无效率为5.5%～9.1%,得2分者无效率为12.8%～20.0%,得3～6分者无效率为31.0%～40.5%.ROC曲线分析显示,CCERW对推导组、内部组和外部组临床无效结局的预测能力分别为0.709[95%可信区间(95%CI)0.638～0.780]、0.725(95%CI 0.613～0.838)、0.686(95%CI 0.590～0.782).CCERW对全部698例患者的临床结局判断能力为0.710(95%CI 0.659～0.761),而PSI、CURB65、CRB65的判断能力分别为0.667(95%CI 0.614～0.719)、0.648(95%CI 0.592～0.705)和0.584(95%CI 0.530～0.638).结论 CCERW可帮助临床医师快速区分出中国中老年CAP患者的临床无效结局,且其对临床结局的判断能力优于PSI、CURB65、CRB65等预测工具,谨慎推荐将其在中国大陆地区汉族中老年CAP患者中使用.

Abstract：

Objective To develop and validate a clinical rule to predict treatment failure in middleaged and elderly patients suffering from community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in China, and to compare it with other prognostic rules. Methods Data of 58 variables affiliated to 6 aspects, including demographics,underlaying diseases, previous status, complications, symptoms, signs and laboratory examination results from the CAP patients aged ≥ 45 years admitted to the respiratory departments in three university affiliated hospitals between December 17, 2006 and December 22, 2008 were enrolled prospectively and then validated in two groups to create a derivation cohort with 75% of the patients for rule development and an internal validation cohort with the other 25% for internal test. An external validation cohort was formed at the same time with patients admitted to the other university affiliated hospital for external test. The single outcome was treatment failure at the time of 14 days after admitted or at discharge from hospital. Univariate analysis, multivariate analysis and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve were used for the rule establishment, assessment and comparison among the pneumonia severity index (PSI), CURB65 [confusion,blood urea nitrogen＞6.8 mmol/L, respiratory rate (RR)≥30 breaths per minute, systolic blood pressure (SBP)＜90 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0. 133 kPa) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP)≤60 mm Hg, age≥65 years]and CRB65 (confusion, RR ≥ 30 breaths per minute, SBP ＜ 90 mm Hg or DBP ≤ 60 mm Hg,age≥65 years). Results The data of a total of 539 patients in three hospitals were enrolled for analysis. Ofthose, 400 and 139 patients were randomly allocated into the derivation cohort or internal validation cohort respectively. Meanwhile, 159 patients were enrolled in the external validation cohort. Analyzing the data from 400 patients in the derivation cohort, 33 variables of 6 aspects had significant difference between cure and treatment failure outcome in the univariate analysis. Then, in the multivariate analyses, five independent predictive factors showed significant difference, including confusion (C), creatinine ＜60 μmol/L, electrolyte disturbances (E), respiratory failure (R), white blood cell (WBC)＞7.5× 109/L. A clinical prediction rule CCERW based on these variables showed that the treatment failure outcome increased directly with increasing scores : 5.5%- 9. 1 %, 12.8 %- 20. 0% and 31.0 %- 40. 5% for scores of 0 - 1, 2 and 3 - 6, respectively. ROC curve analysis yielded an area under the curve (AUC) for CCERW of 0. 709 [95% confidence intervals (95%CI) 0.638 - 0.780], 0.725 (95%CI 0.613 - 0.838) and 0.686 (95%CI 0.590 - 0.782) in the derivation, internal and external validation cohorts respectively; and in the same manner, of 0.710(95%CI 0. 659 - 0. 761) for total 698 patients, which was better than PSI, CURB65 and CRB65, at 0. 667(95%CI 0. 614 - 0. 719), 0. 648 (95%CI0. 592 - 0. 705), and 0. 584 (95%CI 0.530 - 0.638), respectively.Conclusion CCERW can help physicians to distinguish high and low risk leading to treatment failure in middle-aged and elder patients with CAP, and has better predictable capability than PSI, CURB65 and CRB65. We prudent recommend the simple rule can be used in the middle-aged and elder patients with CAP of Han race people in China.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期证候及特征的临床调查研究

目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重期常见证候及其特征。方法:收集4所三甲医院COPD急性加重期患者资料,使用Epidata软件建立数据库,运用SPSS 13.0 for windows统计软件包进行频次和频率的统计描述及Logistic回归方法分析。结果:1046例患者中出现了28个证候,其中频率与构成比最高的证候是痰热壅肺证,分别为60.23%、8.77%,其次是肺气虚证,分别为46.18%、6.73%。COPD急性加重期常见证候有痰热壅肺证、外寒内饮证、痰湿阻肺证、痰瘀阻肺证、肺脾气虚证、肺肾气虚证、肺肾阴虚证、肺肾气阴两虚证,并对其主次症特征作了分析。结论:COPD急性加重期常见证候有8种,其中痰热壅肺证是最常见的一种。     

NM21治疗痹病70例的临床观察

我院自1992年8月至1993年1月运用NM21对70例痹病患者进行了系统的临床观察,现将有关观察结果,总结如下:1 临床资料1.1 病例选择与分证标准:本次观察的70例实验组与22例对照组病人均符合《中药治疗痹病的临床指导原则》(中华人民共和国卫生部药政局1987年)制定的诊断与分证标准。1.2 一般情况:根据科研设计要求分为实验组     

类风湿性关节炎的关节外表现

类风湿性关节炎是一种以多个关节慢性、非化脓性炎症为主要表现的全身性疾病。据其临床不同阶段之表现 ,分别可归属于“历节病”、“顽痹”、“痹”等病中。其关节外的临床表现比较复杂且涉及各种疾病较广 ,现报道如下。1　外科、骨科因其易见于四肢 (尤其鹰咀尺骨近端伸侧 )     

社区获得性肺炎常见证候及老年患者特征分析

目的 探讨社区获得性肺炎常见证候特征及老年患者的特征.方法 收集4所三级甲等医院社区获得性肺炎患者资料,使用Epidata软件建立数据库,运用SPSS13.0统计软件分析患者常见证候的分布规律.结果 1 059例临床数据中,共出现了23个中医证候,其中频率最高的证候是痰热壅肺证;与非老年人肺炎比较,老年人肺炎肺气虚证、痰湿阻肺证、痰瘀阻肺证、脾气虚证、气阴两虚证、肺脾气虚证、肾气虚证、肺肾气虚证、肺阴虚证、肾阴虚证、肺肾阴虚证出现的频率高(P<0.05).肺炎常见证候有风热袭肺证、外寒内热证、痰热壅肺证、痰湿阻肺证、肺脾气虚证、气阴两虚证.结论 社区获得性肺炎常见证候有6种,其中痰热壅肺证是最常见的一种,而老年人肺炎常兼有气虚或气阴两虚.     

辨证治疗胃皖痛52例小结

胃脘痛为临床上的常见、多发病，可发生于各年龄组。现代医学中的胃溃疡、十二指肠球部溃疡、浅表性胃炎、糜烂性胃炎等，皆属于本病范畴。我们采用主方辨证加减治疗，获满意疗效。现小结如下。     

Prognostic factors for community-acquired pneumonia in middle-aged and elderly patients treated with integrated medicine

OBJECTIVE:To identify prognostic factors in middle-aged and elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia(CAP) who underwent integrated interventions involving traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and modern medicine.METHODS:Patients aged ≥45 years and diagnosed with CAP were divided into a middle-aged cohort(45-59 years) and an elderly cohort(≥60 years),and clinical data comprising 75 predictor variables in seven classes were collected.After replacing missing data,calibrating multicenter differences and classifYing quantitative data,univariate and multivariate analysis were performed.RESULTS:On multivariate analysis,eight independent risk factors-respiration rate,C reactive protein(CRP),cost of hospitalization,anemia,gasping,confusion,moist rales and pneumonia severity index(PSI)-were correlated with the outcome "not cured" in the elderly cohort.Nine factors-neutrophil percentage(Neu%),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),time to clinical stability,appetite,anemia,confusion,being retired or unemployed,Gram-negative bacterial infection and educational level-were correlated with not cured in the middle-aged cohort.CONCLUSION:Independent predictive risk factors correlated with adverse outcomes in elderly patients were higher respiration rate,CRP≥four times the mean or median for the patient’s center,cost of hospitalization>11,323 RMB and PSI>II,plus anemia,gasping,confusion and moist rales;those in middle-aged patients were higher Neu%,BUN≥mean or median,loss of appetite,anemia,confusion,being retired or unemployed and lower educational level.Gram-negative bacterial infection and time to clinical stability>9 days were protective factors.