舒普深与头孢哌酮治疗小儿肺炎疗效对比分析

观察舒普深与头孢哌酮对68例小儿肺炎的治疗效果.患者随机抽样分为两组,分别用舒普深或头孢哌酮治疗.舒普深组治疗小儿肺炎有效率为94.1%,头孢哌酮组为79.4%,两组差异显著.舒普深在治疗小儿肺炎中疗效高于头孢哌酮.     

The expression of NF-κB and TGF-β1 in the injured kidneys of neonate rats with endotoxemia

Objective To investigate the mechanism of the kidney injure in the newborn rats with endotoxemia.Methods Eighty Wistar rats aged 7 days were randomly divided into 2 groups:control group (intraperitoneal injection of saline of 0.1 ml;n = 40),lipopolysaccharide(LPS) group(intraperitoneal injection of LPS of 5 mg/kg;n =40).The rats in either group were killed at 1 h,4 h,8 h and 12 hours after intraperitoneal injection,respectively.The expressions of NF-κB and TGF-β1 in the kidney were detected by using the immunohistochemical assay.Renal ultrastructural changes was observed with a CM100 Philips electron microscope.Results The NF-κB in control group had no expression.NF-κB in LPS group mainly expressed in the renal tubular epithelial cell,increased at 1 h after test and peaked at 8 h,and slightly descended at 12 h.The expression of TGF-β1 in control group was slight,and had not show significant difference from control group at 1 h,4 h and 8 h,but significantly higher than that in control group at 12 h.In LPS group,newborn rat renal glomerular basement membrane was complete,part epithelial cell foot processes were fused and renal tubules epithelial cell mild mitochondria vacuolization was found at 4 h.Renal glomeruli epithelial cell foot processes obvious confluenced,quantities of mesangial cells mitochondria vacuole,and renal tubules epithelial cell mitochondria expanded to bubbles at 12 h.Conclusion The NF-κB involves in the pathogenesis of kidney damage induced by endotoxemia,but TGF-β1 may help to repair the damaged kidney,and may repress the production of NF-κB.     

以血栓性微血管病为突出表现的甲基丙二酸血症临床分析

目的:总结以血栓性微血管病为突出表现的甲基丙二酸血症的临床特点。方法:收集2014年9月至2019年12月中国医科大学附属盛京医院收治的以血栓性微血管病为突出表现的甲基丙二酸血症6例患儿的病例资料,分析临床表现及实验室检查、影像学、肾脏组织病理学检查结果,治疗及预后情况。结果:6例患儿中,男5例,女1例,年龄1个月～7...     

The expression of NF-κB and TGF-β1 in the injured kidneys of neonate rats with endotoxemia

Objective To investigate the mechanism of the kidney injure in the newborn rats with endotoxemia.Methods Eighty Wistar rats aged 7 days were randomly divided into 2 groups:control group (intraperitoneal injection of saline of 0.1 ml;n = 40),lipopolysaccharide(LPS) group(intraperitoneal injection of LPS of 5 mg/kg;n =40).The rats in either group were killed at 1 h,4 h,8 h and 12 hours after intraperitoneal injection,respectively.The expressions of NF-κB and TGF-β1 in the kidney were detected by using the immunohistochemical assay.Renal ultrastructural changes was observed with a CM100 Philips electron microscope.Results The NF-κB in control group had no expression.NF-κB in LPS group mainly expressed in the renal tubular epithelial cell,increased at 1 h after test and peaked at 8 h,and slightly descended at 12 h.The expression of TGF-β1 in control group was slight,and had not show significant difference from control group at 1 h,4 h and 8 h,but significantly higher than that in control group at 12 h.In LPS group,newborn rat renal glomerular basement membrane was complete,part epithelial cell foot processes were fused and renal tubules epithelial cell mild mitochondria vacuolization was found at 4 h.Renal glomeruli epithelial cell foot processes obvious confluenced,quantities of mesangial cells mitochondria vacuole,and renal tubules epithelial cell mitochondria expanded to bubbles at 12 h.Conclusion The NF-κB involves in the pathogenesis of kidney damage induced by endotoxemia,but TGF-β1 may help to repair the damaged kidney,and may repress the production of NF-κB.     

血浆治疗儿童原发性肾病综合征重度水肿的临床疗效

目的 比较血浆、低分子右旋糖苷和白蛋白对儿童原发性肾病综合征(PNS)重度水肿的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年12月在中国医科大学附属盛京医院小儿肾脏风湿免疫内科住院的60例PNS重度水肿患儿治疗前后的临床资料,比较血浆治疗组、白蛋白治疗组及低分子右旋糖酐治疗组的临床疗效.结果 与治疗前相比,3组...     

The expression of NF-κB and TGF-β1 in the injured kidneys of neonate rats with endotoxemia

Objective To investigate the mechanism of the kidney injure in the newborn rats with endotoxemia.Methods Eighty Wistar rats aged 7 days were randomly divided into 2 groups:control group (intraperitoneal injection of saline of 0.1 ml;n = 40),lipopolysaccharide(LPS) group(intraperitoneal injection of LPS of 5 mg/kg;n =40).The rats in either group were killed at 1 h,4 h,8 h and 12 hours after intraperitoneal injection,respectively.The expressions of NF-κB and TGF-β1 in the kidney were detected by using the immunohistochemical assay.Renal ultrastructural changes was observed with a CM100 Philips electron microscope.Results The NF-κB in control group had no expression.NF-κB in LPS group mainly expressed in the renal tubular epithelial cell,increased at 1 h after test and peaked at 8 h,and slightly descended at 12 h.The expression of TGF-β1 in control group was slight,and had not show significant difference from control group at 1 h,4 h and 8 h,but significantly higher than that in control group at 12 h.In LPS group,newborn rat renal glomerular basement membrane was complete,part epithelial cell foot processes were fused and renal tubules epithelial cell mild mitochondria vacuolization was found at 4 h.Renal glomeruli epithelial cell foot processes obvious confluenced,quantities of mesangial cells mitochondria vacuole,and renal tubules epithelial cell mitochondria expanded to bubbles at 12 h.Conclusion The NF-κB involves in the pathogenesis of kidney damage induced by endotoxemia,but TGF-β1 may help to repair the damaged kidney,and may repress the production of NF-κB.     

谷氨酰胺对内毒素血症幼年大鼠肾脏ERK以及p38表达的影响

目的：通过观察谷氨酰胺(glutamine, Gln)对内毒素血症幼年大鼠肾脏信号转导通路ERK-2、p38及其mRNA表达的影响,探讨谷氨酰胺在大鼠内毒素血症中通过干预肾脏ERK-2以及p38信号转导途径来保护肾脏的机制。方法：选健康18日龄Wistar大鼠121只,按腹腔注射药物不同分为：0 h对照组(生理盐水,n=11), 内毒素组（LPS,n=55）,谷氨酰胺组(Gln, n=55); 后两组又分为2,4,6,24及72 h共5个时间点,每个时间点11只,在各指定时间点分别将大鼠断头分离肾脏,8只用逆转录 聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法测定ERK-2以及p38的mRNA的表达,另3只取肾组织后用甲醛固定,制成石蜡切片,用免疫组化方法确定ERK-2以及p38蛋白质的表达。结果：LPS组各时点ERK-2 mRNA, p38MAPK mRNA, ERK-2, p38MAPK表达均较对照组增强,最高点在 6 h,差异有显著性,P<0.01;Gln组各时点ERK-2 mRNA, p38MAPK mRNA, ERK-2, p38MAPK表达趋势与LPS组一致,但明显低于LPS组,P<0.05或P<0.01。结论：ERK及p38在内毒素血症表达均明显增强。谷氨酰胺可使其表达下调,从而减轻肾脏损伤。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（4）：301-305］     

EGCG对肾小管上皮细胞转分化过程中MMP9与Cyclin D1表达的影响及意义

目的探讨表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)对肾小管上皮细胞转分化的作用机制。方法培养大鼠肾小管上皮细胞株NRK-52E,将其分成4组。1组:正常对照组(N),以DMEM培养液为空白对照。2组:转化生长因子(TGF-β1)诱导组;3组:EGCG200μg/L干预组;4组:EGCG400μg/L干预组。各细胞组在作用48 h后,应用免疫组化检测平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)和角蛋白(CK-18),Western-blot分析胞浆蛋白细胞周期素D1(Cyclin D1)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)含量,实时荧光定量PCR法测Cyclin D1、MMP9mRNA的相对表达量。结果 NRK细胞被TGF-β1诱导48 h后,胞浆中出现α-SMA蛋白高表达,CK-18蛋白表达明显减少;Cyclin D1、MMP9蛋白及其mRNA出现了高表达;EGCG干预组上述改变明显减轻。结论 EGCG以剂量依赖方式抑制TGF-β1诱导的NRK细胞的转分化,其机制可能是通过抑制Cyclin D1、MMP9蛋白及mRNA表达而实现的。     

小儿血尿的诊断

血尿是临床常见的症状,掌握科学的血尿诊断思路,合理地采用各种辅助检查,综合分析,才能正确地诊断血尿,减少漏诊和误诊。     

小儿水肿的鉴别诊断

水肿是小儿常见的症状及体征,除常见的肾性水肿外,还可由多病因引起,某些病因难以诊断易误诊或漏诊。介绍小儿水肿的鉴别诊断,以期对小儿水肿的临床诊断提供帮助。