视频宣教系统对ICU患者家属健康教育内容知晓情况的影响

目的探讨视频宣教系统对ICU患者家属健康教育内容知晓情况的应用效果。方法选取2016年1~4月本院ICU收治的100例患者,将其家属作为研究对象,按入院先后顺序随机分为观察组与对照组,每组各50例。对照组采用传统模式,即责任护士一对一采用健康宣教单对家属进行健康教育,观察组采用自制视频宣教系统与传统宣教相结合的模式,即患者家属观看完入院视频宣教后,护士进行简单口头解说,对宣教内容加以巩固。比较2组患者家属对健康教育内容的知晓率。结果宣教后观察组患者家属的宣教知晓率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论视频宣教能够直观给患者家属提供全面的,准确的住院信息,有效解决患者家属的疑惑和焦虑,提高了患者家属对健康教育内容知晓率,提高其对ICU工作的理解和配合,从而提高了患者家属的依从性。     

Human immune reconstitution with spleen cells in SCID/Beige mice

BACKGROUND: We developed an original experimental model to study chronic vascular rejection (CVR) consisting of a graft of human mesenteric artery followed by human immune reconstitution into CB.17 SCID/Beige mice. Human immune reconstitution achieved after human PBMC injection has often been variable and incomplete. The aim of this work was to develop an alternative method to achieve a complete, functional human immune reconstitution. METHOD: After institutional authorizations, spleen cells were recovered from cadaveric organ donors. Single intraperitoneal injections of various doses of spleen cells were made into 70 CB.17 SCID/Beige mice. Reconstitution of the human immune system was monitored by flow cytometry (circulating human cells) and ELISA (human IgG). Colonization of murine lymphoid organs by human cells was studied by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Evaluation of the immune function consisted of examination of CVR lesions in human arterial grafts. The animals were humanely killed at day 28. RESULTS: After injection of 30 to 40 x 10(6) spleen cells, the mice showed significant human CD3(+), CD19(+), and CD56(+) populations in peripheral blood. The mean human cells levels were, respectively, 8.2% +/- 5.4%, 2.9% +/- 1.2%, and 5.3% +/- 5.1%. Murine spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes were colonized by human T and B cells, while the murine thymus was only colonized by human T cells. Human IgG was detected in murine serum (65.9 +/- 63.3 mg/L) and typical CVR lesions were observed within the allogeneic grafts. CONCLUSION: Intraperitoneal injection of 30 to 40 x 10(6) human spleen cells into CB.17 SCID/Beige mice induces complete and functional human immune reconstitution allowing the study of CVR under human allogeneic conditions.     

Use of human mesenteric arteries to study chronic vascular rejection in SCID/beige mice reconstituted with human spleen cells

We wanted to establish a preclinical model of chronic vascular rejection (CVR) by transplanting small arteries from the mesentery of cadaveric organ donors by the rapid "sleeve" technique into SCID/beige mice reconstituted with human allogeneic spleen cells. After institutional authorization and with informed consent from relatives, we obtained tissues and cells from cadaveric organ donors. A piece of mesentery was recovered from the donor and kept in buffered solution at 4 degrees C until use. After dissection of the mesentery, small arteries of suitable size were transplanted in place of the infrarenal aorta of the mice. Cells for the immunological reconstitution of the mice were spleen cells from the same or other organ donors. Twenty-three suitable arterial segments were obtained from the mesentery of three cadaveric donors. Ten of the mice received 3 x 10(7) human spleen cells intraperitoneally 1 week after the arterial graft and they all showed circulating human CD3+ and CD19+ cells 2 weeks after injection. The mice were sacrificed 5 weeks after the arterial graft. SCID/beige mice reconstituted with allogeneic spleen cells showed a typical CVR, whereas mice that received no cells had a normal vascular anatomy. We believe our model is well suited for the study of treatment of CVR under human allograft conditions.     

家蝇抗药性的生化机理

本文对抗性家蝇的生化机理方面进行了讨论。试验结果证明:降低体壁对杀虫剂的穿透性,水解酶、转移酶;多功能氧化酶等解毒酶活性的增强以及乙酰胆碱酯酶的钝化是造成家蝇对有机磷杀虫剂和菊酯类杀虫剂产生抗性的重要原因。不同杀虫剂造成的抗性生化机制有不同,抗溴氰菊酯家蝇的解毒酶以酯酶为主,而抗二氯苯醚菊酯家蝇的解毒酶则以多功能氧化酶为主。溴氰菊酯抗性家蝇体壁降低澳氰菊酯的穿透性亦是其对澳氰菊酯的重抗要性机制。     

儿童先天性肺动脉吊带的临床特征:附27例分析

目的探讨儿童先天性肺动脉吊带的临床特点。方法回顾性分析27例肺动脉吊带患儿的临床资料,总结其临床表现及影像学特点。结果本组患儿27例,其中男13例,女14例;年龄7个月(10 d~6岁);体质量6(1.4~17.4)kg;均有不同程度的呼吸道症状,包括反复咳嗽、喘鸣和气促;14例患儿在心前区可闻及收缩期杂音。胸部平片检查19例提示为支气管肺炎,3例为支气管炎,5例未见异常。经二维彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断23例,心脏多层螺旋计算机断层扫描诊断27例。21例合并其他心血管畸形,其中2例伴室间隔缺损,5例合并房间隔缺损,3例合并动脉导管未闭,3例合并永存左上腔静脉,1例合并二尖瓣关闭不全,1例合并迷走右锁骨下动脉,6例合并多发心脏畸形;19例合并气管畸形。24例患儿行肺动脉吊带矫治术和(或)合并心内畸形矫治术,其中3例术后死亡。另3例患儿术前均因肺炎进展快、呼吸衰竭死亡。结论肺动脉吊带的临床表现缺乏特异性,若临床上出现无法解释的呼吸道梗阻症状,应警惕该病的可能。采用各种检查方法如二维彩色多普勒超声心动图、心脏多层螺旋计算机断层扫描、心血管造影等以明确诊断,使患儿得到及时、有效的治疗,能降低病死率。     

主动脉缩窄矫治术后血管结构与功能的随访研究

目的 探讨主动脉缩窄矫治术后近、中期血管结构与功能改变.方法 选取20例确诊主动脉缩窄(CoA)并行手术矫治的患儿(CoA组),其中单纯性主动脉缩窄6例,复合性主动脉缩窄(合并其他心内畸形)14例;同期20例单纯室间隔缺损(VSD)患儿(VSD组)作对照,均于术前至术后1年监测血压,超声下颈总动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)和肱动脉血流介导的血管舒张功能(FMD).20例健康儿童(健康组)进行1年的随访.结果 术前、术后1个月、术后6个月、术后1年3组均无高血压临床表现.CoA组的颈总动脉IMT[(0.47±0.10) mm,(0.49±0.10) mm、(0.57±0.07) mm、(0.61±0.07)mm]均高于同期的VSD组[(0.41±0.11) mm,(0.43±0.11) mm,(0.51±0.08) mm,(0.55±0.08) mm]与健康组[(0.40±0,09) mm、(0.42±0.11) mm、(0.50±0.08)mm、(0.57±0.08) mm],差异均有统计学意义,P＜0.05.CoA组的肱动脉FMD[(5.46±1.51)％、(5.71±1.88)％、(5.42±1.69)％、(5.27±1.02)％]均明显低于VSD组[(6.69±1.45)％、(6.66±1.21)％、(6.81±1.03)％、(6.43±1.34)％]和健康组[(6.59±1.84)％,(6.84±1.41)％、(6.91±1.31)％、(6.56±1.62)％],差异均有统计学意义,P＜0.05.而上述两个指标在VSD组与健康组之间均差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.结论 主动脉缩窄矫治术后患儿仍存在血管结构和内皮功能异常,提示手术纠治主动脉缩窄后血管损害持续存在,可能是主动脉缩窄矫治术后患儿心血管疾病发生率高于健康儿童的原因.     

Regulation of death and growth signals at the plasma membrane by sphingomyelin synthesis: implications for hematological malignancies

Resistance to death receptor ligands (such as FasL and TRAIL) and anticancer treatments is a hallmark of cancer cells. Ceramide, a biologically active sphingolipid, antagonizes cell growth and promotes apoptosis and non-apoptotic forms of cell death. The intracellular levels of ceramide are highly regulated via complex metabolic pathways. Sphingomyelin synthases (SMS) 1 and 2 convert ceramide to sphingomyelin (SM), a ubiquitous phospholipid in mammals. A growing body of evidence in the literature indicates that SMSs likely modulate hematological cell growth and sensitivity to stress-induced apoptosis. On one hand, complete and sustained inhibition of SMS activity is likely to alter membrane composition and properties through membrane SM depletion, perturbing intracellular signaling pathways and leukemia cell growth and conferring partial resistance to death receptor ligands. On the other hand, different patents & reports point to anti-apoptotic functions for SMSs. In patients with chemoresistant leukemia, a decreased intracellular ceramide level was associated with a higher SMS activity. Thus, SMSs and cofactors may constitute original pharmacological targets to treat leukemia.     

视频与传统健康教育相结合模式在限制式探视ICU患者家属中的应用

目的:探讨视频与传统健康教育相结合模式在限制性探视ICU患者家属中的应用效果。方法:将2016年4~5月ICU新入患者家属50名作为对照组,使用传统的口头及书面教育模式;将2016年6~7月ICU新入患者家属50名作为实验组,采用视频与传统健康教育相结合模式。比较两组健康教育模式效果。结果:实验组总体满意度及总体知晓率高于对照组(P0.05);实验组家属对健康指导及患者外出检查时护士的指导满意程度指标高于对照组(P0.05),对知晓管道保护相关知识及预防压疮知识高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:视频与传统健康教育相结合模式能从总体上提升健康教育效果,提高家属对ICU护理工作的理解与配合,减少护士的工作量和心理压力,从而提高患者家属对护理工作的满意度。     

川崎病并发急腹症16例临床分析

目的:探讨川崎病(KD)并发急腹症患儿的临床特征、诊断、治疗及预后。方法:回顾性分析2015年8月1日至2019年7月31日广州医科大学附属广州市妇女儿童医疗中心收治的16例KD并发急腹症患儿的临床表现、实验室检查、腹部B超、腹部平片和腹部CT检查结果、冠状动脉病变情况及转归。年龄、白细胞、血红蛋白、血小板及生化指标等...