武汉市医学生与非医学专业大学生艾滋病相关问题现况调查

[目的]了解医学生与非医学生关于艾滋病(AIDS)知识、态度和行为,以探讨健康教育中的薄弱环节,为制定健康教育策略提供依据.[方法]对武汉市某大学两个不同专业学生(医学院和理工科)进行匿名问卷调查.[结果]医学生与非医学专业大学生对艾滋病基本知识和传播途径的认知水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),医学生AIDS相关知识平均得分为(90.11±8.61)分,非医学生AIDS相关知识平均得分为(82.00±12.61)分,两者差异有统计学意义(t=8.33,P<0.01).调查显示仍有部分学生(医学生19.0%,非医学生24.8%),对婚前性行为持肯定态度;武汉市大学生获得AIDS知识主要来源于报刊书籍,其次是电视广播和互联网.[结论]应根据不同专业的特点,制定适合大学生的AIDS健康教育措施,加强系统性、完整性的AIDS预防知识的教育,培养正确的观念和生活方式.     

慢性鼻病分泌物倒流咽部致慢性咳嗽32例误诊原因分析

目的为防止慢性咳嗽的临床误诊,探讨鼻部疾病与慢性咳嗽的关系。方法对32例因鼻部疾病导致慢性咳嗽者进行临床分析。结果在慢性咳嗽中,除肺部疾病外,鼻部疾病也是常见原因。结论鼻分泌物倒流咽部也是引起慢性咳嗽的常见原因之一。     

胃内pH值的变化与胃及肺部细菌数量变化的关系探讨

目的分析胃内pH值变化以及胃内微生态等因素,对胃及肺部的细菌数量变化与胃内pH值变化的关系进行探讨。方法以45只大鼠为例,将其分成老龄组、非老龄组以及非老龄奥美拉唑组。于2周后对大鼠胃内pH值进行检测,取大鼠胃及肺部组织行细菌培养,并给予病理切片检查。结果老龄组与非老龄组相比较,其胃内pH值及肺部细菌变化差异在统计学上无显著性意义(P>0.05),非老龄奥美拉唑组与非老龄组、老龄组相比,胃内pH值变化及肺部细菌数量差异在统计学上具有显著性意义(P<0.05),非老龄组与老龄组有轻度淋巴细胞浸润现象,非老龄奥美拉唑组炎症明显。结论胃内pH值与胃及肺部细菌呈正相关,随着胃内pH值的增加,胃与肺部细菌数量也会相应随之增加。     

Effect of Anluohuaxian Tablet Combined with γ-IFN on Schistosomal Liver Fibrosis

The therapeutic effects of anluohuaxian tablet combined with γ-IFN on schistosomal liver fibrosis and its mechanism were studied in a murine model and clinical cases of schistosomal liver fibrosis, Fifty Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups： normal control group, infection control group, anluohuaxian tablet-treated group, γ-IFN-treated group and combined treatment （anluohuaian tablet＋γ-IFN） group. Pathologic changes in liver, including hepatic pigmentation and the size of schistosomal egg granuloma, were observed by HE staining after treatment for 8 weeks. The expression of the type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen, and TIMP-1 was detected by immunohistochemistry. TGF-β1 mRNA expression was examined by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Sixty patients with schistosomal liver fibrosis were divided into treatment group and control group. The patients in treatment group were treated with anluohuaxian tablet in combination with γ-IFN for 6 months. Before and after treatment, the changes of symptoms and signs, liver function, serum liver fibrosis indexes and imaging indexes were observed. The results showed that as compared with infection control group, all forms of treatments relieved the hepatic pathological injury with apparently diminished size of schistosomal egg nodules and decreased percentage of pigmentation （P〈0.05）. Furthermore, the expression of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ, TIMP-1, and TGF-β1 mRNA in combined treatment group was significantly decreased as compared with anluohuaxian tablet-treated and γ-IFN-treated groups （P〈0.05）. In the clinical observation, the serum liver fibrosis indexes, the portal vein width as well as the spleen thickness was significantly reduced in treatment group as compared with control group （P〈0.05）. It was concluded that the combined use of anluohuaxian tablet with γ-IFN in schistosomal liver fibrosis could protect liver function, alleviate liver fibrosis, and could be used as a choice in treating patients with schiatosomal liver fibrosis.     

紧密连接蛋白抗体抑制丙型肝炎病毒传播的体外研究

目的：研究紧密连接蛋白（claudin-1）抗体在体外阻断丙型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis C Virus,HCV）传播的抑制效果。方法：应用HCV传播试验检测-claudin1抗体及丙型肝炎（HC）患者血清对HCV传播的抑制效果。结果：成功建立了HCV传播检测系统,结果表明,HCV感染患者血清和-claudin1抗体都可有效阻断HCV细胞外病毒传播;HC患者血清在体外不能有效抑制HCV细胞间传播,而-claudin1抗体可有效阻断HCV细胞间传播。结论：与其他研究者所发现相一致[1],HCV可以逃避来自患者血清中和抗体的中和效应,而-claudin1抗体可有效阻断HCV传播,为HCV防治提供了新的策略。     

生物纳米siRNA颗粒抑制丙型肝炎病毒复制的体外研究

目的研究携带针对丙型肝炎病毒（HcV）I洲A的小干扰RNA（siRNA）的生物可降解性纳米颗粒在体外对HCV复制的抑制作用。方法采用“一锅合成法”制备携带针对HCVRNA的siRNA的D－半乳糖－多聚乙酰亚胺－磷酸钙纳米颗粒,噻唑盐（MTT）法检测该纳米颗粒的细胞毒性,荧光分光光度法检测该siRNA纳米颗粒对HcV的抑制作用。结果该纳米siRNA颗粒对肝原代细胞无毒性作用,在HcV细胞培养系统中,可被肝肿瘤细胞（Huh7．5．1）摄取进入细胞内,抑制HcV病毒载量超过1log100。结论D－半乳糖－多聚乙酰亚胺－磷酸钙生物可降解性纳米siRNA颗粒为治疗HCV感染提供了新的手段,具有一定发展前景。     

抗肝衰复方治疗MHV-3感染肝衰竭小鼠的作用观察

目的:观察抗肝衰复方治疗Balb/cJ小鼠感染MHV-3所致肝衰竭的疗效及初步探讨其作用机制.方法:将75只Balb/cJ小鼠随机分为3组:生理盐水对照组、茵陈复方组1、茵陈复方组2(抗肝衰复方组).采用MHV-3感染Balb/cJ小鼠,建立急性肝衰竭模型.描绘各茵陈复方组的生存曲线,观察血清生化及肝脏病理组织学改变,免疫组化检测小鼠肝组织纤维介素(mfgl2)的表达状况.结果:与生理盐水对照组及茵陈复方组1比较,抗肝衰复方组的生存情况最佳,血清ALT、STB明显降低(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);肝细胞损害明显减轻(P＜0.05);与生理盐水对照组及茵陈复方组1比较,抗肝衰复方组中肝组织mfgl2表达明显减少(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结论:抗肝衰复方可减轻MHV-3感染的Balb/cJ小鼠肝衰竭时的肝功能损伤及肝细胞mfgl2的表达水平.     

肺炎克雷伯菌黏附素FimH蛋白通过TLR4/NF-κB途径诱导巨噬细胞分泌炎症因子

目的初步探讨肺炎克雷伯菌黏附素FimH蛋白诱导巨噬细胞分泌炎症因子及其作用机制,为阐明肺炎克雷伯菌的致病机制提供实验证据。方法使用肺炎克雷伯菌FimH蛋白刺激巨噬细胞,然后用ELISA法检测IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6的含量,用Western blot检测iκB-α的表达量。分别用TAK-242、PDTC、SB203580和SP600125预处理巨噬细胞,抑制TLR4、NF-κB、p38和c-Jun活性,再使用ELISA法检测FimH蛋白刺激后IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6的表达。结果使用FimH蛋白刺激人源性巨噬细胞,IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6的分泌量明显高于对照。FimH蛋白刺激会够降低细胞中iκB-α的含量。当使用TAK-242抑制TLR4的活性后,FimH蛋白诱导的IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6表达量下降。使用PDTC和SB203580分别抑制NF-κB和p38的活性,也发现FimH蛋白诱导炎症因子能力下降。但是抑制c-Jun的活性不影响FimH蛋白诱导IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6的表达。结论肺炎克雷伯菌FimH蛋白能够通过TLR4/NF-κB途径诱导巨噬细胞分泌IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6。