Clinical analysis of inpatients with hyperglycemia in the medical intensive care units——Data of Shanghai Renji Hospital from 2002 to 2009

Objective To analyze the association of the morbidity,the management of blood glucose,and the prognosis of patients with hyperglycemia in the medical intensive care units(ICU).Methods Medical records of ICU patients of Renji Hospital from 2002 to 2009 were reviewed using Medical Record Inquiry System,and the data were retrospectively analyzed.Results(1)2631 subjects were included in the present study,blood glucose was determined at least once during hospitalization in 2168 of them.The incidence of hyperglycemia was 26.3%,in which 12.9% presented a known history of diabetes and 13.4% without.In the patients with diabetes history,93.2% of them received anti-diabetic treatment during hospitalization.mainly with oral anti-hyperglyeemic agents (53.0%)or subcutaneous insulin injection(24.9%).However,in the patients without diabetes history,84.4% were not treated against hyperglycemia.The mortality was increased in the latter group(30.4% vs13.9%,P<0.01).(2)In the patients with diabetes history,the mortality in patients whose blood glucose>10 mmol/L was higher than those with blood glucose≤7.0 mmol/L(20.5% vs 9.9%,P<0.05):while in the patients without diabetes history,the mortality began to rise as blood glucose>7.0 mmol/L(P<0.01).(3)Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that the average blood glucose level was an independent risk factor for death(OR=1.26).Conclusions The ICU patients showed a high prevalence of hyperglycemia,the management of hyperglycemia should be emphasized.Hyperglycemia in critically ill patients might be an independent risk factor of increased mortality.     

两种高脂血症小鼠模型糖代谢及靶组织胰岛素敏感性研究

目的 观察高三酰甘油血症和高胆固醇血症小鼠的糖代谢及靶组织（肝脏和骨骼肌）胰岛素敏感性的变化。方法 采用普通饲料喂养小鼠（对照组,n=8）、脂蛋白脂酶基因敲除杂合子小鼠（LPL+/-）（高三酰甘油血症组,n=8）和高脂饲料喂养小鼠（高胆固醇血症组,n=8）作为实验对象。测量各组小鼠的体质量;检测血清三酰甘油（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、血糖浓度和空腹胰岛素水平,计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）和胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）;Western blotting检测肝脏和骨骼肌组织在胰岛素刺激后Akt473位丝氨酸磷酸化水平（p-Aktser473的相对表达量）的变化。结果 高三酰甘油血症组血清TG浓度显著高于对照组和高胆固醇血症组（P<0.05）,高胆固醇血症组血清TC浓度显著高于对照组和高三酰甘油血症组（P<0.05）。与对照组比较,高三酰甘油血症组血糖浓度、空腹胰岛素水平和HOMA-IR有增高趋势,ISI则有所降低,但差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;与对照组和高三酰甘油血症组比较,高胆固醇血症组血糖浓度、空腹胰岛素水平和HOMA-IR显著升高,而ISI明显下降（均P<0.05）。高三酰甘油血症组和高胆固醇组肝脏和骨骼肌组织经胰岛素刺激后的p-Aktser473相对表达量及其升高倍数显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;在高胆固醇组,肝脏组织p-Aktser473相对表达量的升高倍数显著低于高三酰甘油血症组,骨骼肌组织在胰岛素刺激后的p-Aktser473相对表达量明显高于高三酰甘油血症组（P<0.05）。结论 高三酰甘油血症和高胆固醇血症均伴有靶组织胰岛素敏感性受损,其中高脂喂养小鼠出现高胆固醇血症时伴有更明显的糖代谢紊乱。     

老年综合评估在老年血液系统肿瘤患者中的研究进展

随着老年人血液系统肿瘤发病率的逐年升高,如何更好地评估老年血液肿瘤患者对化疗的耐受性是困扰临床医师的问题.最近老年综合评估开始用于老年血液肿瘤患者,研究发现老年综合评估可以判断患者预后,预测患者对治疗的耐受性,并有可能指导治疗决策.文章对国内外老年综合评估在血液肿瘤的研究现状进行综述.     

Clinical analysis of inpatients with hyperglycemia in the medical intensive care units——Data of Shanghai Renji Hospital from 2002 to 2009

Objective To analyze the association of the morbidity,the management of blood glucose,and the prognosis of patients with hyperglycemia in the medical intensive care units(ICU).Methods Medical records of ICU patients of Renji Hospital from 2002 to 2009 were reviewed using Medical Record Inquiry System,and the data were retrospectively analyzed.Results(1)2631 subjects were included in the present study,blood glucose was determined at least once during hospitalization in 2168 of them.The incidence of hyperglycemia was 26.3%,in which 12.9% presented a known history of diabetes and 13.4% without.In the patients with diabetes history,93.2% of them received anti-diabetic treatment during hospitalization.mainly with oral anti-hyperglyeemic agents (53.0%)or subcutaneous insulin injection(24.9%).However,in the patients without diabetes history,84.4% were not treated against hyperglycemia.The mortality was increased in the latter group(30.4% vs13.9%,P<0.01).(2)In the patients with diabetes history,the mortality in patients whose blood glucose>10 mmol/L was higher than those with blood glucose≤7.0 mmol/L(20.5% vs 9.9%,P<0.05):while in the patients without diabetes history,the mortality began to rise as blood glucose>7.0 mmol/L(P<0.01).(3)Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that the average blood glucose level was an independent risk factor for death(OR=1.26).Conclusions The ICU patients showed a high prevalence of hyperglycemia,the management of hyperglycemia should be emphasized.Hyperglycemia in critically ill patients might be an independent risk factor of increased mortality.     

第36例:临床表现皮疹、干咳、憋气、双下肢水肿

<正>患者男性,66岁。因"皮肤变红、瘙痒1年余,干咳、憋气、双下肢水肿10 d"于2013年5月21日入院。2012年初患者无诱因出现全身皮肤变红、增厚,伴瘙痒、脱屑,未诊治。2012年7月触及腋窝包块,最大直径4 cm,质韧,活动度可,无触痛。2012年10月因皮肤病变加重就诊我院,查血常规:白细胞计数11.18×109/L,嗜酸粒细胞(EOS)计数4.39×109/L,血红蛋白(HGB)113 g/L,血小板计数488×109/L;肝肾功能均正常,乳酸脱氢酶676 U/L;血沉22 mm/第1小     

聚乙二醇重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子在自体造血干细胞动员中的应用

对多发性骨髓瘤患者以及部分淋巴瘤患者而言,诱导化疗续贯自体外周血干细胞移植(APBSCT)是重要的治疗方案。目前造血干细胞动员采用的是传统的化疗联合普通人重组粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)方案。聚乙二醇重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(PEG-rhG-CSF)在作用机制上与rhG-CSF作用相似,但半衰期长,作用时间较rhG-CSF持久[1]。国外已有研究将PEG-rhG-CSF用于APBSCT[4,5],而国内尚未大规模应用。本研究对我中心76例应用PEG-rhG-CSF联合化疗进行自体造血干细胞动员的病例进行回顾性分析,评估其有效性和安全性。     

内科重症监护病房住院患者高血糖临床资料分析——上海仁济医院2002至2009年资料回顾

目的 调查并探讨内科首症监护病房(ICU)住院患者高血糖发生率及高血糖管理与病情、预后的关系.方法 利用病案查询系统检索上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院2002至2009年内科ICU住院患者病历,对所有资料进行同顾性分析.结果 (1)共纳入2 631例患者,2 168例患者在住院期间测定血糖至少一次,高血糖发生率26.3%,其中既往有糖尿病病史者占12.9%,无糖尿病病史的高血糖患者占13.4%.既往有糖尿病病史合并高血糖的患者中,93.2%住院期间给予了降糖治疗,降糖方案以口服药物(53.0%)和皮下注射胰岛素(24.9%)为主;在既往无糖尿病病史的高血糖患者中,84.4%的患者住院期间没有给予任何降糖治疗;与既往有糖尿病病史合并的高血糖组相比,该组死亡率明显升高(30.4%对13.9%,P<0.01).(2)在既往有糖尿病病史组中,与组内血糖≤7.0 mmol/L亚组相比,血糖>10 mmol/L亚组的死亡率升高(20.5%对9.9%,P<0.05);既往无糖尿病病史的高血糖患者,当血糖>7.0 mmol/L时,则死亡率就开始升高(P<0.01).(3)多元逐步回归分析显示平均血糖是死亡的独立危险因素(OR:1.26).结论 内科ICU住院患者高血糖发生率高,其血糖管理及治疗须引起重视;危重患者高血糖水平可能是死亡率增加的独立危险因素.     

以神经痛为首发症状的母细胞性浆细胞样树突细胞肿瘤1例

母细胞性浆细胞样树突细胞肿瘤(BPDCN)是一种罕见的高度侵袭性血液系统恶性肿瘤。典型BPDCN常以皮损为首发症状,同时可累及淋巴结、骨髓、中枢神经系统和其他软组织等。该文报道1例以神经痛为首发症状且整个病程中均未出现皮损的不典型BPDCN患者,并通过文献复习讨论本病的诊断及治疗体会。     

原发肾上腺弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤5例临床及病理特征分析

目的:报道5例原发肾上腺弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)的临床以及病理特点,提高对原发肾上腺DLBCL的认识及诊治水平。方法:回顾性分析在我院诊治的5例原发肾上腺DLBCL患者的临床及病理资料。结果:5例原发肾上腺DLBCL,其中4例为老年男性;临床多以腰痛或腹痛为首发表现,5例患者均伴有B症状,4例伴有乳酸脱氢酶升高,IPI积分多为中高危;3例患者伴有肾上腺皮质功能不全,其中2例需要糖皮质激素替代治疗;影像学均为双侧肾上腺肿块,超声或CT引导下穿刺病理确诊;病理4例呈现双表达DLBCL,活化B细胞来源;未见骨髓受累患者。原发肾上腺DLBCL采用包含利妥昔单抗的联合化疗疗效较理想,但停药易复发,应用来那度胺或沙利度胺维持治疗可能可以减少复发;治疗需要兼顾中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的预防,包括大剂量甲氨蝶呤或来那度胺预防。结论:本研究结果提示发现双侧肾上腺占位需要警惕原发肾上腺淋巴瘤,确诊需要活检病理证实;原发肾上腺DLBCL治疗建议含有利妥昔单抗的联合化疗,同时给予中枢淋巴瘤预防,联合化疗结束后建议维持治疗1～2年有助于减少复发。     

危重症患者高血糖的研究进展

危重症患者常出现血糖升高,血糖持续高水平与不良的预后相关.其发病机制可能与应激、细胞因子的释放等有关.采用安全、有效、经济的降糖方案将血糖控制在合理范围内,可以改善患者预后,降低死亡率和合并症的发生率.因此需要了解危重症患者高血糖的特点,加强血糖的监测,合理选择血糖控制方案,明确血糖控制的目标.现对危重症患者血糖升高的发病机制和血糖管理进行综述.