呼吸不同氧浓度混合气对迟发性耳气压伤的影响

目的 观察呼吸不同氧浓度混合气对低压舱实验后人耳气压功能和听力的迟发影响.方法 实验采用自身对照平衡设计,5名被试者分别在不同时间内(间隔2周以上)参加呼吸纯氧、60％氧气(含60％氧气和40％氮气)和空气3组试验.每次均在呼吸1h实验用气之后进行耳气压功能低压舱试验,观察3组被试者在不同时间点的主观症状、鼓膜充血程度、声导抗和纯音听阈等指标变化.结果 纯氧组、60％氧气组和空气组被试者出舱即刻出现主观症状的耳数分别为8、2和3耳,纯氧组个别被试在出舱后3h耳闷与耳痛症状有所反复.出舱即刻3组被试者鼓膜充血程度为Ⅲ度的耳数分别为5、2和3耳,但未出现随时间延长而加重的现象.实验后3组被试者维持为A型鼓室图的耳数分别为5、6和6耳,各组鼓室图相关指标数值和声反射不全引出率随时间延长而趋向初始值,未出现明显的迟发性数据回弹.纯氧组被试者中耳压和各倍频程听阈之和在低压舱试验后改变较多,恢复较慢.结论 呼吸纯氧较长时间会使参加低压舱实验的被试者耳气压伤发病率增加,症状加重,且容易诱发24h内症状反复.     

人工富氧环境改善急进高原人员睡眠效果的研究

目的 通过研究高原人工富氧环境(简称富氧室)对急进高原人员睡眠的作用,探讨富氧室的抗缺氧效果及其与高原习服的关系. 方法 利用分子筛制氧机在海拔3500 m高原建立富氧室.将18名世居平原人员随机分为富氧组、缺氧组和平原组,每组各6人.平原组不进入高原,富氧组和缺氧组人员乘飞机到达高原后,在未供氧情况下记录2组受试人员的心率和血氧饱和度(arterial oxygen saturation,SaO2).当晚22:00两组人员分别进入富氧室和普通房间,休息至次日上午9:00通过睡眠呼吸记录分析系统,对受试人员进行监测,在同一时间对平原组也进行监测.数据采集完毕后利用系统自带分析软件进行分析. 结果 ①富氧组供氧后SaO2为92.3%.±1.0%,高于供氧前的82.9%±4.2%和缺氧组的79.3%±5.9%(P<0.01),但低于平原组的97.3%±0.8%(P<0.05),且差异均有统计学意义.心率值在富氧组供氧前后及与缺氧组间差异无统计学意义,但均高于平原组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).②睡眠结构富氧组与缺氧组差异无统计学意义,与平原组比较浅睡眠偏多,深睡眠偏少,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).低通气次数和呼吸紊乱指数平原组低于缺氧组和富氧组(P<0.01);富氧组呼吸紊乱指数低于缺氧组,两组分别为28.1±11.9和53.2±23.4,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).③睡眠期间,富氧组和缺氧组的归一化低频功率和低频与高频的比值分别为89.3±2.9、9.4±2.8和90.2±1.8、9.9±1.9,组间差异无统计学意义,但均高于平原组的85.8±2.9和6.4±1.4,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);平原组的归一化高频功率则高于富氧组和缺氧组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 高原富氧室可以有效改善急进高原人员睡眠情况,但对睡眠期间心率变异性未见显著影响,且与高原习服的关系尚待深入研究. Abstract： Objective To study the effects of the artificial oxygen-enriched environment (is called "oxygen-enriched room" in short) on sleep efficiency of the people who participate in the mission on plateau with hurry-up entry,and to investigate the anti-hypoxia effect of oxygen-enriched room to plateau acclimatization. Methods Eighteen subjects were randomly and averagety allocated into plain group,oxygen-enriched group and hypoxia group.Only the later two groups were dispatched to plateau by air.Molecular sieve oxygenerator was used to supply the room with oxygen on 3500 m plateau.The oxygen-enriched group and hypoxia group got into the oxygen-enriched rooms and normal rooms respectively at 22 o' clock and took rest till to 9 o' clock next morning.The changes of heart rate (HR) and the saturation of blood oxygen (SaO2) of three groups were recorded and compared between the states of with and without oxygen enrichment.The subjects were monitored by sleep respiration recording and analysis system. Results ①The SaO2 of the oxygen-enriched group was 92.3%±1.0%,and it was significant higher than the state before oxygen enrichment (82.9%±4.2%) and than that of hypoxia group (79.3%±5.9%,P<0.01),but lower than that of plain group (97.3%±0.8%,P<0.05).②There were less deep sleep and more slight sleep in hypoxia group and oxygen-enriched group than in plain group.The hypopnea and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) of plain group was significant lower than that of hypoxia group and oxygen-enriched group (P<0.05).The AHI of the oxygen-enriched group was 28.1±11.9,and it was significant lower than that of hypoxia group (53.2±23.4)(P<0.05).③The normalized low-frequency (Ln) and the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency (LF/HF) measured in sleep was respectively 89.3±2.9 and 6.4±1.4 in oxygen-enriched group comparing to 90.2±1.8 and 9.9±1.9 in hypoxia group but without statistical difference.The corresponding Ln and LF/HF of plain group was 85.8±2.9 and 6.4±1.4 respectively,significantly higher than those of other two groups (P<0.05).Plain group also showed higher normalized high-frequency than others(P<0.05). Conclusions Oxygen-enriched environment can effectively improve the sleep quality but significantly change heart rate variation (HRV) of the people who participate in the mission with hurry-up entry to plateau.Further studies are still needed to reveal the quantitative effectiveness of oxygen-enriched room to plateau acclimatization.     

人工富氧环境改善急进高原人员睡眠效果的研究

Objective To study the effects of the artificial oxygen-enriched environment (is called "oxygen-enriched room" in short) on sleep efficiency of the people who participate in the mission on plateau with hurry-up entry,and to investigate the anti-hypoxia effect of oxygen-enriched room to plateau acclimatization. Methods Eighteen subjects were randomly and averagety allocated into plain group,oxygen-enriched group and hypoxia group.Only the later two groups were dispatched to plateau by air.Molecular sieve oxygenerator was used to supply the room with oxygen on 3500 m plateau.The oxygen-enriched group and hypoxia group got into the oxygen-enriched rooms and normal rooms respectively at 22 o' clock and took rest till to 9 o' clock next morning.The changes of heart rate (HR) and the saturation of blood oxygen (SaO2) of three groups were recorded and compared between the states of with and without oxygen enrichment.The subjects were monitored by sleep respiration recording and analysis system. Results ①The SaO2 of the oxygen-enriched group was 92.3%±1.0%,and it was significant higher than the state before oxygen enrichment (82.9%±4.2%) and than that of hypoxia group (79.3%±5.9%,P<0.01),but lower than that of plain group (97.3%±0.8%,P<0.05).②There were less deep sleep and more slight sleep in hypoxia group and oxygen-enriched group than in plain group.The hypopnea and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) of plain group was significant lower than that of hypoxia group and oxygen-enriched group (P<0.05).The AHI of the oxygen-enriched group was 28.1±11.9,and it was significant lower than that of hypoxia group (53.2±23.4)(P<0.05).③The normalized low-frequency (Ln) and the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency (LF/HF) measured in sleep was respectively 89.3±2.9 and 6.4±1.4 in oxygen-enriched group comparing to 90.2±1.8 and 9.9±1.9 in hypoxia group but without statistical difference.The corresponding Ln and LF/HF of plain group was 85.8±2.9 and 6.4±1.4 respectively,significantly higher than those of other two groups (P<0.05).Plain group also showed higher normalized high-frequency than others(P<0.05). Conclusions Oxygen-enriched environment can effectively improve the sleep quality but significantly change heart rate variation (HRV) of the people who participate in the mission with hurry-up entry to plateau.Further studies are still needed to reveal the quantitative effectiveness of oxygen-enriched room to plateau acclimatization.     

缺氧环境下视觉功能指标的敏感性研究

目的 研究视觉功能受缺氧环境影响的敏感性,探讨将视觉功能指标纳入缺氧体验性训练项目的可行性。方法 按空军航空生理训练大纲中缺氧体验性训练要求,采用10.5%的低氧混合气模拟海拔5 000 m高度缺氧条件,通过对比10名志愿者缺氧前后远视力、立体视力、色彩辨识能力、暗适应时间和不同级别对比敏感度等视觉功能指标,筛选出对缺氧敏感、检测简便的视觉功能指标。结果 与缺氧前比较,10名志愿者缺氧后暗适应时间、中高频度对比敏感度下降,差异有统计学意义（t=3.51、2.805、3.098、3.186、2.738,P=0.007、0.021、0.013、0.011、0.023）;远视力、立体视力、色彩辨识能力无显著性差异。结论 暗适应能力及低对比度和低敏感度的目标辨识能力对缺氧环境较为敏感,可作为飞行员缺氧体验性训练的观测指标。     

分子筛制氧机对拉萨地区房间弥散式供氧效果检测

目的：检测分子筛制氧机在拉萨地区房间弥散式供氧效果.方法：检测供氧房间内氧气体积分数、二氧化碳体积分数、检测人员的睡眠血氧饱和度和心率.结果：制氧机开机2h后,房间内的供氧水平可以达到海拔2200m以下高度的氧浓度;供氧房间人员睡眠血氧饱和度高于未供氧房间人员、睡眠心率低于未供氧房间人员.结论：在拉萨地区,分子筛制氧机向房间内进行弥散式供氧可以避免高原缺氧反应的发生.     

高原富氧室供氧方法研究

目的 研究高原富氧室的供氧方法,为指导富氧室的建设和合理使用提供依据. 方法 根据飞行员宿舍和体能训练室氧气浓度变化规律,建立富氧室数学模型,并通过试验进行验证.8名志愿者乘飞机进入高原(海拔3780m),按数字表法将其分为供氧组和对照组,每组各4人.供氧组晚上22:00至次日8:00在富氧室休息(氧气浓度为24％～27％,连续供氧8 d),对照组22:00至次日22:00在普通宿舍休息(不供氧);观察2组志愿者晨起心率和血氧饱和度差异. 结果 飞行员宿舍和体能训练室内实际测量的氧气浓度与数学模型计算结果呈正相关(r=0.986、0.998,P=0.000).供氧组晨起心率与对照组比较显著降低(F=13.067,P=0.011);供氧组晨起血氧饱和度与对照组比较显著升高(F=102.885,P=0.000). 结论 建立O2浓度随时间变化的数学模型可指导高原富氧室建设.飞行员宿舍和体能训练室应采用不同的供氧方式.维持宿舍供氧生理等效高度3000 m以下.     

代偿服装压力测量方法的探讨

代偿服装是用于低气压环境下的飞行防护装具,在飞行员的高空供氧防护中发挥了至关重要的作用。叙述了囊式和侧管式代偿服装服装压的产生原理,介绍了常用的服装压力直接测量方法,包括简易气体压力测量法、压力传感器测量法和气压式服装压力测量法等,探讨了未来偿服装测量装置的发展趋势。     

某型数字式大气压力计检验方法

阐述了数字大气压计采购、接收、检验中应该注意的事项和主要方法,以某型号数字大气压计为例,通过在低压舱中进行实际操作,介绍了选型、采购、检验的方法和注意事项,并对其进行了讨论。最后指出了采购产品进行接收时必须采用科学合理的方法,必要时组织专家或到权威部门进行产品质量检验。     

某型军用运输机机组氧气系统供氧防护性能的低压舱生理试验评价

目的评价某型军用运输机机组氧气系统供氧防护性能, 为产品设计定型提供生理试验依据。方法 4具假人和4名健康志愿者配戴个体防护装备, 使用某型军用运输机机组氧气系统, 先后在低压舱内完成4项试验, 包括氧气系统供氧性能物理试验、氧气系统迅速减压物理试验、6 h巡航高度供氧生理试验和12.0 km高空迅速减压生理试验。测试面罩内的氧气浓度、呼吸阻力、安全余压、迅速减压峰值面罩压、作用时间和稳压值等物理参数;监测志愿者心电图和血氧饱和度等生理参数。结果假人肺通气量为20 L/min时, 该型军用运输机机组氧气系统在12.0 km以下提供的供氧分压≥19.1 kPa, 安全余压接通前系统呼气阻力≤441.3 Pa, 吸气阻力≤490.3 Pa。假人肺容积为1.0 L时, 系统的迅速减压峰值≤5.8 kPa。6 h巡航飞行时, 氧气系统为志愿者提供的供氧氧分压均≥21.9 kPa。4名志愿者均完成12.0 km高空迅速减压生理试验, 主客观反应良好。结论该型军用运输机机组氧气系统防护性能可以满足地面至12.0 km高度供氧防护要求。     

新型氧气系统的低压舱生理试验评价

目的 评价新型氧气系统的供氧防护性能. 方法 假人和4名志愿者着个体防护装备,使用新型氧气系统,先后在低压舱和迅速减压舱内完成6项试验.①地面～10.0 km普通供氧性能试验;②13.0～17.0 km加压供氧性能试验;③13.0～17.0 km迅速减压性能试验;④4h连续供氧性能人体试验;⑤15.0 km加压供氧性能人体试验;⑥15.0 km迅速减压性能人体试验. 结果 新型氧气系统的供氧分压大于21.0 kPa(在12.0 km高度以下)和17.0 kPa(在12.0 km高度以上),吸气阻力小于490 Pa(假人肺通气量20.0 L/min)和627 Pa(假人肺通气量30.0 L/min),迅速减压峰值小于7.4 kPa. 结论 新型氧气系统可以满足地面～17.0 km高度供氧防护要求.