Volatile Constituents of Dracocephalum nutans

The essential oil of DRACOCEPHALUM NUTANS L. (Lamiaceae) has been investigated for the first time. The GC-MS analysis of the oil showed the presence of about 25 monoterpenoids including pinocamphone (56.4%), beta-pinene (12.7%), isopinocamphone (4.3%), alpha-phellandrene (4.6%), and isopinocampheol (3.7%).     

Mitoxantrone, mitomycin-C, methotrexate combination chemotherapy with radiotherapy and/or surgery in stage III (T4B, NO-2, M0) breast cancer

Results of primary surgery with or without locoregional radiotherapy (LRRT) are poor in stage III (T4b, NO-2, M0) breast cancer. Combination of mitoxantrone, mitomycin-c and methotrexate (MMM) has been reported to be as efficacious as doxorubicin based protocols with advantages of reduced nausea, vomiting, alopecia and cardiotoxicity. We tested MMM chemotherapy with LRRT and surgery in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) with a view to assess response, survival, breast conservation, cost and toxicity. Fifty two previously untreated patients were given Mitoxantrone: 8 mg/m sq by infusion on days 1 and 21, Mitomycin-C: 8 mg/m sq by infusion on day 1 and Methotrexate: 35 mg/m sq i.v. on days 1 and 21. Cycles were repeated every 42 days. After 3 cycles LRRT was given if lump reduced to less than 2 cms. Otherwise patients were subjected to modified radical mastectomy (MRM) or radical mastectomy (RM). Following this 3 more cycles of chemotherapy were given. Patients with soft tissue, skin or heavy nodal involvement also received LRRT. Tamoxifen 20 mg daily was prescribed at the end of chemotherapy to postmenopausal patients. Complete/partial responses were seen in 5 and 26 patients, respectively after chemotherapy giving an overall response of 59.5%. Twenty four patients each had LRRT and MRM/RM. Responses could be significantly enhanced by LRRT/and or surgery. Nineteen out of 25 relapses were at distant sites. Breast conservation was achieved in 24/52 (46%) patients. Three year disease free and overall survival was 54% and 65%, respectively. There was 1 toxic death. Severe prolonged myelosuppresion was seen in those who also received LRRT. Mucositis, alopecia, nausea and vomiting were minor problems. Overall, combination was less expensive than doxorubicin based protocols.     

The Effects of IB4, a Monoclonal Antibody to the CD18 Leukocyte Integrin on Phorbol Myristate Acetate (PMA)-Induced Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte (PMN) Accumulation and Endothelial Injury in Rabbit Lungs

A model of acute lung injury induced by intravenous phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) is described. The model is characterized by the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and a hemorrhagic edema in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid when measured 6 h following the administration of PMA (60 g/kg, i.v.). It was also determined that PMA induces acute leukopenia and neutropenia which were maximal at 5 min following the injection of PMA and were sustained for at least 6 h, with circulating leukocyte numbers returning to control values by 24 h. The extents to which the inflammatory and systemic changes induced by PMA were dependent on the surface expression on leukocytes of the 2-integrins was assessed by comparing responses to PMA in control animals and animals pretreated with the anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody IB4. The administration of IB4 (1 mg/kg, i.v.) 15 min before PMA did not alter the time course or extent of PMA-induced leukopenia and neutropenia. In contrast IB4 administration (0.1 to 1 mg/kg) produced a dose dependent inhibition of PMN accumulation and plasma extravasation measured in BAL fluid. IB4 (1 mg/kg) completely inhibited PMA evoked increases in plasma extravasation (94.5 ± 1.7%, N = 4) and hemorrhage (95.2 ± 2.1%, N = 4) whereas PMN accumulation in BAL fluid was inhibited by 77.8 ± 3.8% (mean ± SEM, N = 4). Thus, a small, but reproducible, component of the PMA-induced PMN accumulation was not inhibited using this regimen of IB4 administration. If IB4 administration was delayed for 3 h post injection of PMA and bronchoalveolar lavage performed 3 h later, the extents of PMN accumulation and edema formation were similar to those observed 3 h following PMA challenge in control animals not dosed with IB4. This suggests that administration of IB4 during an ongoing inflammatory response is capable of preventing the further development of inflammatory changes and further supports the therapeutic potential of CD18 blockade in conditions such as adult respiratory distress syndrome.     

Pilot study of a visitor volunteer programme for community elderly people receiving home health care

There is a need to evaluate community support programmes for elderly people. In this randomized control trial (RCT), we determined the effectiveness of 'friendly visitors' in a volunteer programme of a visiting nurses organization in Southern Ontario, Canada. The Volunteer Friendly Visitor Programme was developed to support elderly people receiving homemaking and nursing care in the community. Volunteers are screened, trained, interviewed and matched to homebound elderly clients for general interest, visit expectations and personality. Volunteers spend three to four hours on average per week with clients socializing in mutually agreed-upon ways. The nursing staff identified clients who were lonely for this additional support. These newly-referred clients were randomly allocated to receive a friendly visitor or not for six weeks. Those receiving the volunteer visitor improved in life satisfaction and two social support measures: worth and social integration. Thus, the addition of volunteer visitors to planned homemaking and nursing care made a difference for elderly in the community.     

Acquired lacrimal cyst: a rare entity

The case is reported of a 37-year-old woman who complained of a gradually progressive mass in the left medial canthus area of one year's duration associated with epiphora. Although the clinical and investigative observations were suggestive of an acquired lacrimal sac cyst, the diagnosis was clinched by the operative and histopathological findings. Excision of the cyst along with dacryocystorhinostomy provided complete cure for this patient.     

Polyglactin sutures versus nylon sutures for scleral flap suturing in trabeculectomy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To note the effect on filtration function of using polyglactin sutures for scleral flap suturing in trabeculectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Polyglactin sutures were compared with nylon sutures to secure the scleral flap of trabeculectomy in 30 consecutive eyes. Parameters studied were intraocular pressure, central anterior chamber depth, and bleb score in this randomized prospective study. RESULTS: Observations regarding intraocular pressure, central anterior chamber depth and bleb score in the early postoperative period were comparable in the 2 groups. The results at 12 months follow-up reveal a lower mean IOP (P < 0.05) and a higher mean bleb score (P < 0.05) in the group with polyglactin sutures. Success rate (defined as IOP < 21 mm Hg) at 12 months was 100% with use of polyglactin sutures compared to 80% with nylon sutures. CONCLUSIONS: Polyglactin sutures can be used as an alternative to nylon sutures for scleral flap suturing in trabeculectomy, with the possible additional benefit of better long-term filtration function.     

Anorectal avulsion: an unusual rectal injury

Traumatic injuries to the rectum although uncommon can result in virulent complications and even death. Diverting colostomy, presacral drainage, distal wash out and rectal repair, when feasible, have become the standard treatment for rectal injuries. We report an unusual case of rectal injury resulting in anorectal avulsion from skin and surrounding tissues.     

E5 murine monoclonal antiendotoxin antibody in gram-negative sepsis: a randomized controlled trial. E5 Study Investigators

Context  Knowledge and understanding of gram-negative sepsis have grown over the past 20 years, but the ability to treat severe sepsis successfully has not. Objective  To assess the efficacy and safety of E5 in the treatment of patients with severe gram-negative sepsis. Design  A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted at 136 US medical centers from April 1993 to April 1997, designed with 90% power to detect a 25% relative risk reduction, incorporating 2 planned interim analyses. Setting  Intensive care units at university medical centers, Veterans Affairs medical centers, and community hospitals. Patients  Adults aged 18 years or older, with signs and symptoms consistent with severe sepsis and documented or probable gram-negative infection. Intervention  Patients were assigned to receive 2 doses of either E5, a murine monoclonal antibody directed against endotoxin (n = 550; 2 mg/kg per day by intravenous infusion 24 hours apart) or placebo (n = 552). Main Outcome Measures  The primary end point was mortality at day 14; secondary end points were mortality at day 28, adverse event rates, and 14-day and 28-day mortality in the subgroup without shock at presentation. Results  The trial was stopped after the second interim analysis. A total of 1090 patients received study medication and 915 had gram-negative infection confirmed by culture. There were no statistically significant differences in mortality between the E5 and placebo groups at either day 14 (29.7% vs 31.1%; P = .67) or day 28 (38.5% vs 40.3%; P = .56). Patients presenting without shock had a slightly lower mortality when treated with E5 but the difference was not significant (28.9% vs 33.0% for the E5 and placebo groups, respectively, at day 28; P = .32). There was a similar profile of adverse event rates between E5 and placebo. Conclusions  Despite adequate sample size and high enrollment of patients with confirmed gram-negative sepsis, E5 did not improve short-term survival. Current study rationale and designs should be carefully reviewed before further large-scale studies of patients with sepsis are conducted.      

医院科研伦理价值观培育平台的构建

科研伦理价值观是指导科研人员科研动机和科研行为的价值意识,对科研诚信起到重要的作用。在三级医院应当根据不同的科研人员群体,搭建不同的科研伦理价值观培育平台,并最终成为一套立体的培育体系,引导科研人员树立正确的科研伦理价值观。