开颅手术中锥体束移位的探讨及应对策略

目的探索神经外科手术中锥体束的移位情况及应对策略。方法选择74例术前影像学诊断为额、颞及岛叶占位病变的病人,术前及术中应用MRI弥散张量成像（DTI）技术进行扫描,传入神经导航工作站进行锥体束的追踪描计,并对比术前及术中锥体束的位置。结果锥体束在前后方向方面25例发生向前移位,45例发生向后移位,4例无移位;锥体束在左右方向上32例发生向外移位,38例发生负向移位,4例无移位。结论在颅脑病变切除术中,锥体束的移位是普遍存在的,而且移位的方向及距离不具有可预测性,只有通过术中磁共振实时更新导航才能予以保护。     

24h十二导联动态心电图检查在无症状心肌缺血诊断中应用分析

无症状心肌缺血(SMI)主要指临床上得不到患者心肌缺血相关的主观症状,包括胸痛、胸闷等,而经相关器械数据可得出心肌血流灌注、心肌代谢、左室功能、心电活动等异常的心肌缺血证据[1,2]。SMI是冠心病常见症状,随着病情不断加剧,可能引发可逆性或永久性心肌损伤,出现急性心肌梗死、心绞痛、心律失常等严重后果,甚至导致患者死亡[3]。     

大脑半球胶质瘤切除术中锥体束移位的初步研究

目的 探索大脑半球胶质瘤切除术中锥体束的移位情况及解决方法.方法 选择术前影像学诊断为额、颞、岛叶胶质瘤的患者63例,手术采用仰卧位下额颞入路,术前及术中应用MRI弥散张量成像技术进行扫描,并进行锥体束的追踪描计,对比术前及术中锥体束的位置.结果 锥体束在前后方向上18例发生向前移位,移位距离从0.9 mm至11.4 mm,42例发生向后移位,移位距离从1.7 mm至10.4 mm,3例无移位;锥体束在左右方向上31例发生向外移位,移位距离从1.5 mm至11.2 mm,30例发生向内,移位距离从1.3 mm至8.1 mm,2例无移位.结论锥体束的移位的方向和距离具有不可预测性,最佳解决方案是通过术中影像及神经导航的实时更新并予以保护.     

高场强术中磁共振对脑胶质瘤切除程度及手术策略的影响

Objective To evaluate the impact of high-field intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) on extension of resection and surgical strategy modification for glioma surgery. Methods One hundred and six patients, admitted to our hospital from October 2009 to June 2010, were performed glioma resections with the help of high-field iMRI. Questionnaires were filled and collected prospectively to record the surgeons' intention on the extent of resection (EoR) and the intra-operative estimation of EoR before every iMRI scan. The scan imagings were collected based on the request of the surgeon, and the percentage of tumor removal was calculated according to the iMRI data. The impact of iMRI on the tumor EoR and modification of surgical strategy was then evaluated. Results Preoperatively, 48 patients were intended to achieve total tumor removal, 41 sub-total tumor removal, and 17 partial removal. The first intraoperative MRI scan revealed that 42 (39.6%) patients achieved complete resection, while residual tumors were depicted in 64 (60.4%).Further tumor resections were performed in 39 patients (36.8%), but the other 25 patients could not perform further resection for their tumors were closely neighbored to the important functional region or important tracts. Finally, in the whole cohort, the percentage of tumor resection volume was increased from (76.5±20.5)% to (94.2±8.7)%, with significant differences (U=2.000, P=0.000); 67 patients got complete removal, 25 sub-total removal and 14 partial removal; The total removal rate was significantly increased from 45.3% (48/106) to 63.2% (67/106): the average percentage of tumor resection volume in the second time of scan ([93.6±12.41%) was obviously increased as compared with that in the first scan ([86.3±20.21%, U=4.000, P=0.000). Conclusion High-field iMRI may increase the extent of glioma resection, and has significant impact on the intraoperative modification of the surgical strategy.     

大脑前动脉远端动脉瘤纵裂入路显微手术效果

目的总结经纵裂入路显微手术治疗大脑前动脉远端动脉瘤的手术效果,探讨大脑前动脉远端动脉瘤的手术入路。方法回顾性分析2004年1月—2012年1月我科收治的13例大脑前动脉远端动脉瘤患者采用纵裂入路手术治疗的临床资料。结果 13例均行手术夹闭动脉瘤,12例恢复良好,1例术后出现偏瘫,半年后肢体肌力恢复。结论采用额部纵裂入路治疗大脑前动脉远端动脉瘤治疗效果满意,可作为首选入路。     

战后澳大利亚的经济本土化历程

第二次世界大战后 ,独立自主性的提高是澳大利亚经济的发展趋势 ,也是澳大利亚经济本土化发展水平的一大标志。战后澳大利亚经济本土化是战后澳大利亚民族国家的独立性不断加强在经济领域里的表现。在承袭了前一个半世纪的发展和接受了第二次世界大战的刺激后 ,脱胎于英国经济的澳大利亚经济以西方市场经济体制为模式 ,与西方国家的经济发展并驾齐驱 ,其经济中的殖民地属性在本土化发展进程中逐渐被独立发展和自主经营的内容所取代。战后澳大利亚经济本土化是澳大利亚社会变革和政治演进的经济基础。正是伴随经济的本土化 ,澳大利亚民族中的独立意识不断增强 ,与英国的“母国情结”趋于淡化。澳大利亚共和运动从一个方面体现出了这一演化。共和运动深层次地显示出澳大利亚社会意识形态中民族独立意识的加强和民族意识的成熟 ,并对社会政治制度的变化产生着推动作用     

TBL教学法在少数民族预科生系统解剖学教学中的应用

赤峰学院医学院部分专业的民族预科班,专门招收山区、牧区的优秀中学生,这个群体在少数民族的学生里成绩优异,但由于地处边远,文化教育相对落后,所以新入学的预科大学生学习兴趣不高,主观能动性差,缺少团队协作意识等实际问题,难以达到培养和造就少数民族地区高级专门人才,促进少数民族地区经济发展和社会进步的目的。在民族地区高等教育的实践中,引进贴近民族精神特点的教学方法,会取得较好的教学效果,本教研室以赤峰学院     

君主立宪制：英国的历史选择

君主立宪制：英国的历史选择王宇博在我国的许多世界近代史著作、教材和有关论文中，往往把英国在１７世纪资产阶级革命中所确立的君主立宪制政体视为英国资产阶级革命不彻底的表现，是英国资产阶级保守性和局限性的标志，是资产阶级与封建势力妥协的产物；有关的重要文件...     

胃大部切除术治疗上消化道大出血术后再出血相关因素分析

目的：探讨上消化道大出血患者经胃大部切除术治疗后再出血的相关因素。方法选取我院胃肠外科于2012年6月至2014年5月期间收治的336例接受胃大部切除术治疗的上消化道大出血患者,根据是否有术后再出血分为再出血组26例和无再出血组310例,比较两组患者的性别、年龄、病种、术式、术后药物治疗依从性、术前吸烟、饮酒、术后胃肠减压和手术操作等差异。结果再次出血组患者中吻合口出血12例,旷置溃疡出血者8例,应激性溃疡出血4例,遗漏肿瘤灶出血2例。两组患者术后药物治疗依从性、术前吸烟以及医生手术操作比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而性别、年龄、病种、手术方式、术前饮酒、术后胃肠减压等方面比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论胃大部切除术能够有效起到止血作用,但仍有术后再出血风险,吸烟、术后药物治疗依从性差以及手术操作失误均为术后再出血的重要原因。     

高场强术中磁共振对脑胶质瘤切除程度及手术策略的影响

目的 评价高场强术中磁共振(iMRI)对脑胶质瘤手术切除程度及手术策略的影响.方法 解放军总医院神经外科自2009年10月至2010年6月将高场强iMRI系统应用于胶质瘤切除术患者106例,术前了解术者的切除意图(全切、次全切、大部切除),术前1 d患者常规行MRI扫描,应用影像数据和软件计算术前肿瘤体积,术中常规使用神经导航手术,依据术者的需求采集影像.必要时行iMRI扫描计算术中残余肿瘤体积和肿瘤体积切除百分比,分析使用iMRI对肿瘤切除程度、手术策略的影响.结果 术前计划全切48例,次全切41例,大部切除17例.术中第一次扫描示42例(39.6%)完全切除,64例(60.4%)仍有残留,其中25例由于肿瘤与重要功能区或重要传导束紧邻而未作进一步切除,其余39例(36.8%)改进手术策略,标记出残留肿瘤后进一步手术,25例(23.6%)胶质瘤最终全切除,肿瘤体积切除百分比由(76.5±20.5)%提高到(94.2±8.7)%,差异有统计学意义(U=2.000,P=0.000);最终实际全切67例,次全切25例,大部切除14例,全切率有所提高.106例患者平均肿瘤体积切除百分比由第一次扫描时的(86.3±20.2)%提高到最终扫描时的(93.6±12.4)%,差异有统计学意义(U=4.000,p=0.000).结论 高场强iMRI的应用可显著提高脑胶质瘤的切除程度,改进手术策略.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the impact of high-field intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) on extension of resection and surgical strategy modification for glioma surgery. Methods One hundred and six patients, admitted to our hospital from October 2009 to June 2010, were performed glioma resections with the help of high-field iMRI. Questionnaires were filled and collected prospectively to record the surgeons' intention on the extent of resection (EoR) and the intra-operative estimation of EoR before every iMRI scan. The scan imagings were collected based on the request of the surgeon, and the percentage of tumor removal was calculated according to the iMRI data. The impact of iMRI on the tumor EoR and modification of surgical strategy was then evaluated. Results Preoperatively, 48 patients were intended to achieve total tumor removal, 41 sub-total tumor removal, and 17 partial removal. The first intraoperative MRI scan revealed that 42 (39.6%) patients achieved complete resection, while residual tumors were depicted in 64 (60.4%).Further tumor resections were performed in 39 patients (36.8%), but the other 25 patients could not perform further resection for their tumors were closely neighbored to the important functional region or important tracts. Finally, in the whole cohort, the percentage of tumor resection volume was increased from (76.5±20.5)% to (94.2±8.7)%, with significant differences (U=2.000, P=0.000); 67 patients got complete removal, 25 sub-total removal and 14 partial removal; The total removal rate was significantly increased from 45.3% (48/106) to 63.2% (67/106): the average percentage of tumor resection volume in the second time of scan ([93.6±12.41%) was obviously increased as compared with that in the first scan ([86.3±20.21%, U=4.000, P=0.000). Conclusion High-field iMRI may increase the extent of glioma resection, and has significant impact on the intraoperative modification of the surgical strategy.