小剂量氯胺酮在断指再植围术期的平衡镇痛作用

目的 观察小剂量氯胺酮在断指再植围术期的平衡镇痛作用。方法 选取ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级断指再植病人120例,随机分为氯胺酮组(K组)和生理盐水组(N组),每组60例。于神经丛刺激仪下行腋路臂丛神经阻滞麻醉,手术开始前5min,K组静注氯胺酮0.15mg/kg,N组静注生理盐水0.15mg/kg。术后两组病人均给予自控静脉镇痛(PCIA),将舒芬太尼150μg加托烷司琼5 mg以生理盐水稀释至120 mL,以2.0 mL/h持续镇痛48h。比较两组臂丛麻醉效果,止血带耐受效果,术后镇痛效果,PCIA需求按压和有效按压次数,术后恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒发生率。结果 K组臂丛麻醉效果及止血带耐受效果均优于N组(u=3.154、1.986,P<0.05)。两组术后镇痛效果均满意,视觉模拟评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。K组术后48h内PCIA需求按压和有效按压次数均显著低于对照组(t=5.7、3.7,P<0.05)。两组术后恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论小剂量氯胺酮在断指再植围术期中的平衡镇痛作用效果显著,提高了阻滞麻醉的满意率和止血带耐受率,减少了PCIA按压次数,且并未增加病人不良反应。     

小儿手指再造与手臂皮瓣修复术麻醉的管理(附192例报告)

目的对比研究小儿手指再造与手臂皮瓣修复术的最佳麻醉管理方法。方法192例患儿随机分为4组:Ⅰ组(臂丛联合插管全麻组,n=32)、Ⅱ组(臂丛联合非插管全麻组,n=68)、Ⅲ组(臂丛联合硬膜外麻醉组,n=42)、Ⅳ组(臂丛联合硬.腰麻醉组,n=50),臂丛用0.25%布比卡因、全麻用0.1%氯胺酮、硬膜外用1.5%利多卡因和0.25%布比卡因、腰麻用0.5%布比卡因作麻醉药物,观察用药量、效果和毒副反应及平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、呼吸(RR)和脉搏氧饱和度(SPO2)的变化。结果臂丛阻滞麻醉各组间所有指标无差异,全麻用药量和副反应率Ⅰ组明显多于Ⅱ组;用硬膜外的Ⅲ组局麻药用量和完全率及毒副反应率明显多于用硬;腰联合的Ⅳ组(P<0.01);MAP、HR、RRⅠ组术毕前明显高于术毕后、Ⅱ组~Ⅳ组术毕后明显低于麻醉前(P<0.05,P<0.01);SPO2Ⅰ组麻醉后和术毕后降幅较明显(P<0.01),Ⅱ组~Ⅳ组各时间段变化不明显。结论4种联合方法均适用于小儿手指再造与手臂皮瓣修复术的麻醉,但就其管理简便和安全而言,学龄段以下用臂丛联合非插管全麻,学龄段用臂丛联合硬膜、腰麻醉更具优越性。     

改良型腋窝顶定位穿刺锁骨下位点阻滞麻醉的临床研究

Objective To study the feasibility of subclavicular brachial plexus block with localized puncture at the apex of the axilla.Methods 520 adult patients who underwent upper limb emergency surgery were randomly assigned to receive subclavicular brachial plexus block with localized puncture at the apex of the axilla ( experimental group) and block anesthesia with intraclavicular route ( control group).Patients in both groups received 0.375% ropivacaine, volume (40.0± 2.7)ml.During the 30 minutes after the blockade, the onset and effect of motor and sensory block, the sensory block effect of each nerve branches and integrated effect of nerve block were recorded.The VAS score and acesodyne duration with tourniquet were compared between the two groups at 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after the drug had been used for 30 minutes.Results Within 30 minutes after the drug was delivered, the onset of motor and sensory block in the experimental group was evidently shorter than that in the control group, while the duration of motor and sensory block was evidently longer ( P ＜ 0.01).There were no statistically significant differences in motor and sensory block score, median nerve block effect and ulnar nerve block effect between the two groups.The musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerve block effects in the experimental group were better than those in the control group ( P ＜ 0.05).After the drug had been used for 30 minutes, VAS score of the experimental group at each point time was significantly lower than that of the oontrol group ( P ＜0.01).The analgesia duration of tourniquet in the experimental group was significantly longer than that of the control group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion The modified subclavicular brachial plexus block with localized puncture at the apex of the axilla can provide perfect blockade, satisfactory anesthetic effect and higher safety in upper limb surgery.     

改良型腋窝顶定位穿刺锁骨下位点阻滞麻醉的临床研究

Objective To study the feasibility of subclavicular brachial plexus block with localized puncture at the apex of the axilla.Methods 520 adult patients who underwent upper limb emergency surgery were randomly assigned to receive subclavicular brachial plexus block with localized puncture at the apex of the axilla ( experimental group) and block anesthesia with intraclavicular route ( control group).Patients in both groups received 0.375% ropivacaine, volume (40.0± 2.7)ml.During the 30 minutes after the blockade, the onset and effect of motor and sensory block, the sensory block effect of each nerve branches and integrated effect of nerve block were recorded.The VAS score and acesodyne duration with tourniquet were compared between the two groups at 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after the drug had been used for 30 minutes.Results Within 30 minutes after the drug was delivered, the onset of motor and sensory block in the experimental group was evidently shorter than that in the control group, while the duration of motor and sensory block was evidently longer ( P ＜ 0.01).There were no statistically significant differences in motor and sensory block score, median nerve block effect and ulnar nerve block effect between the two groups.The musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerve block effects in the experimental group were better than those in the control group ( P ＜ 0.05).After the drug had been used for 30 minutes, VAS score of the experimental group at each point time was significantly lower than that of the oontrol group ( P ＜0.01).The analgesia duration of tourniquet in the experimental group was significantly longer than that of the control group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion The modified subclavicular brachial plexus block with localized puncture at the apex of the axilla can provide perfect blockade, satisfactory anesthetic effect and higher safety in upper limb surgery.     

插管全麻与臂丛阻滞联合非插管全麻用于小儿拇手指再造手术的对比研究

目的 :对比研究插管全麻与臂丛阻滞联合非插管全麻 ,对小儿拇手指再造手术的麻醉与管理效果的影响。方法 :2 8例 2～ 6岁择期手术患儿 ,随机分为插管全麻组 (G组 ,n =14 )和臂丛阻滞联合非插管全麻组 (BG组 ,n =14 )。G组麻醉诱导依次静注γ -羟基丁酸钠 30～ 6 0mg/kg ,地西泮 0 .1～ 0 .2mg/kg ,1%利多卡因喷喉后 ,经口腔明视插管 ,用T型管法辅助呼吸 ;BG组用 0 .2 5 %布比卡因 1～ 2mg/kg ,施行腋路臂丛阻滞。两组均用0 .1氯胺酮和 0 .0 0 1%芬太尼静脉维持麻醉 ,术中持续给氧。结果 :全麻静脉用药总量BG组非常显著少于G组 (P <0 .0 1) ,清醒时间BG组显著短于G组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血液动力学指标术毕后BG组非常显著高于G组 (P<0 .0 1) ,SPO2 术毕后BG组非常显著高于G组 (P <0 .0 1) ,术中吸痰次数 ,术后恶心、呕吐发生率BG组非常显著少于G组 (P <0 .0 1) ,术毕后及回病房后喉、支气管痉挛发生率G组分别为 4 2 .7%和 2 1.4 % ,BG组为零。结论 :两种方法均适用于小儿拇手指再造手术的麻醉 ,但术中麻醉管理臂丛阻滞联合非气管内插管全麻法优于单用气管内插管全麻法。     

按摩加医疗体操治疗肩关节周围炎

肩关节周围炎为一慢性退行性病,多发于中老年人。我门诊部自1986～1991年采用按摩为主加医疗体操治疗290例介绍如下。临床资料本组290例。男156人,女134人。发病年龄27～82岁,平均53.4岁,50岁以上112例。因肱骨骨折、锁骨骨折、肩关节脱位等因固定过久所致的继     

双侧腋路臂丛神经阻滞用于双上肢显微外科术中的探索研究

目的 探索研究双侧腋路臂丛神经阻滞用于双上肢显微外科术中的麻醉效果及安全性.方法 双上肢显微外科手术患者80例,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表达分为两组,每组40例,臂丛组在神经刺激仪下行双侧腋路臂丛神经阻滞,全麻组采用气管插管静吸复合全身麻醉.比较两组患者麻醉前(T1)、麻醉完成时(T2),手术开始时(T3)、手术结束时(T4)的生命体征;术后2、4、8、12 h疼痛程度;术后疼痛感知时间,麻醉费用,不良反应以及术者和患者麻醉满意度.结果 血压、心率全麻组内T1时明显低于T4时(P＜0.05),组间T4时臂丛组明显低于全麻组(P＜0.05);术后2、4、8h疼痛VAS评分臂丛组明显低于全麻组(P＜0.05);术后疼痛感知时间臂丛组明显长于全麻组(P＜0.05),麻醉费用臂丛组明显低于全麻组(P＜0.05),不良反应发生率臂丛组明显低于全麻组(P＜0.05);术者和患者的麻醉满意度臂丛组明显高于全麻组(P＜0.05).结论 双侧腋路臂丛神经阻滞适合双上肢显微外科手术.     

改良型腋窝顶定位穿刺锁骨下位点阻滞麻醉的临床研究

目的 研究腋窝顶定位穿刺锁骨下位点阻滞麻醉的可行性.方法 520例急诊成人上肢手术的患者随机均分为两组:腋窝顶定位穿刺锁骨下位点阻滞麻醉组(观察组)和腋窝内径路阻滞麻醉组(对照组),两组均采用0.375%罗哌卡因,容量(40.0±2.7)ml作为臂丛神经阻滞麻醉药物.比较组间穿刺注药完成后的30 min内,感觉运动阻滞起效时间、感觉运动阻滞效果、各神经分支感觉阻滞效果及神经阻滞综合效果;比较组间穿刺注药完成30 min后,2、4、6、8 h四个时点的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分及止血带止痛时间.结果 穿刺注药完成后的30 min内,观察组感觉运动阻滞起效时间显著短于对照组,维持时间显著长于对照组(P＜0.01);组间感觉运动阻滞评分及正中、尺神经阻滞效果差异无统计学意义,肌皮、桡神经阻滞效果显著好于对照组(P＜0.05).穿刺注药完成30 min后,VAS评分各时点组间比较观察组显著小于对照组(P＜0.01),止血带止痛时间组间比较观察组显著长于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 改良型腋窝顶定位穿刺锁骨下位点阻滞麻醉,可提供上肢完善的阻滞技术,取得满意的麻醉效果,并具有较高的安全性.

Abstract：

Objective To study the feasibility of subclavicular brachial plexus block with localized puncture at the apex of the axilla.Methods 520 adult patients who underwent upper limb emergency surgery were randomly assigned to receive subclavicular brachial plexus block with localized puncture at the apex of the axilla ( experimental group) and block anesthesia with intraclavicular route ( control group).Patients in both groups received 0.375% ropivacaine, volume (40.0± 2.7)ml.During the 30 minutes after the blockade, the onset and effect of motor and sensory block, the sensory block effect of each nerve branches and integrated effect of nerve block were recorded.The VAS score and acesodyne duration with tourniquet were compared between the two groups at 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after the drug had been used for 30 minutes.Results Within 30 minutes after the drug was delivered, the onset of motor and sensory block in the experimental group was evidently shorter than that in the control group, while the duration of motor and sensory block was evidently longer ( P ＜ 0.01).There were no statistically significant differences in motor and sensory block score, median nerve block effect and ulnar nerve block effect between the two groups.The musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerve block effects in the experimental group were better than those in the control group ( P ＜ 0.05).After the drug had been used for 30 minutes, VAS score of the experimental group at each point time was significantly lower than that of the oontrol group ( P ＜0.01).The analgesia duration of tourniquet in the experimental group was significantly longer than that of the control group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion The modified subclavicular brachial plexus block with localized puncture at the apex of the axilla can provide perfect blockade, satisfactory anesthetic effect and higher safety in upper limb surgery.