中医药治疗造影剂外渗的临床疗效观察

<正>CT增强扫描所使用碘造影剂量大、注射速度快,造成对血管壁冲击力大是导致造影剂外渗的主要原因,碘造影剂外渗后会引起注射处局部组织坏死。     

高压注射器在CT增强中的护理体会

在影像技术和设备飞速发展的今天，CT扫描速度也随着提高，静脉注药速度和量也相应加快、增多。因此只有高压注射器的应用技术满足上述要求，才能提高良好的时间分辩率，使断层扫描图像更加清晰，更有利于图像的三维重建等后期处理。目前高压注射器在螺旋CT增强扫描中的应用已非常普遍，但与期伴随发生的过敏反应及对比剂外渗已成为困扰医患双方的主要问题。我科运用高压注射器对CT增强扫描患者进行综合护理干预，解决该问题，效果尚可，现介绍如下。     

应用低分子肝素治疗胎儿生长受限的临床分析

目的：探讨低分子肝素治疗胎儿生长受限的临床效果。方法选取82例胎儿生长受限孕妇为研究对象，随机分为两组，每组各41例。对照组采用常规治疗方法，观察组在常规治疗的基础上加用低分子肝素治疗，观察治疗后两组胎儿生长情况。结果治疗后，观察组脐动脉收缩期最大血流与舒张末期血流速度比值（S/D）、搏动指数（PI）和阻力指数（RI）均较治疗前明显降低（ P ＜0．05），对照组变化不明显（ P ＞0．05）；治疗后，观察组S/D、PI、RI均低于对照组（ P ＜0．01）。治疗后观察组羊水指数和胎儿生物物理评分均较治疗前明显升高（ P＜0．05），对照组变化不明显（ P ＞0．05）；治疗后观察组羊水指数和胎儿生物物理评分均高于对照组（ P ＜0．01）。结论应用低分子肝素进行胎儿生长受限的治疗，可有效改善孕妇体内血流动力学，促进胎儿正常生长发育，防止胎儿出现发育不良等情况。     

中风患者的出院指导

随着现代医学的发展,中风的诊断与抢救水平有了较明显的提高,但其治愈率仍很低,约有部分存活者遗留运动、语言功能及心理障碍,给家属及社会带来沉重的负担,因此出院指导显得十分重要,现介绍如下。1生活指导指导患者饮食宜清淡,以低盐(食盐量一般为每日1~6 g)、低脂、多维生素为     

潜伏期应用间苯三酚促进产程进展的研究

目的 研究潜伏期应用间苯三酚促进产程进展的作用。方法 57例阴道分娩初产妇,根据就诊日期单双号分为两组,即实验组30例、对照组27例。对照组药物选择地西泮,实验组药物选择间苯三酚。观察实验组与对照组的临床效果,并比较分析。结果 与对照组相比,实验组第一产程时间较短,宫口扩张平均速度较快,产后出血量较少,宫颈水肿消失有效率较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 潜伏期应用间苯三酚促进产程进展的作用较大,可推广应用。     

低频电脉冲技术对产后催乳与子宫复旧作用的探讨

目的主要研究低频电脉冲技术对产后催乳与子宫复旧作用的实际应用。方法对56例的相应患者进行综合性的治疗指导乳汁比较充足为终止,通常情况下位3次,而在实际对照组中不应该采用相应的仪器,来观察泌乳的相应始动时间以及泌乳量和相应的子宫底逐渐下降等。结果在实际试验组中其乳汁的实际分泌的比较早,泌乳量也在不断增加,子宫复旧效果比较明显,将二者进行对比具有一定的统计学意义,此时P<0.05。结论积极采用低频电脉冲的相应原理对仪器做好综合性治疗,其效果十分明显,其对子宫的复旧作用明显,十分值得推广。     

损伤皮肤修复和伤口愈合过程中的干细胞：问题与前景

BACKGROUND:Present treatments for chronic skin wounds have certain limitations, and adult stem cells play a potential part in cutaneous repair and regeneration. OBJECTIVE:To review effects of stem cells in skin regeneration and wound healing. METHODS:The first author retrieved CNKI and Medline databases by computer for relevant articles published from 2000 to 2010. The keywords were “epidermal stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, stem cells, transplantation, dermal stem cells” in Chinese and in English, respectively. Then totally 489 papers were obtained after initial survey, and according to the inclusion criteria, 30 articles were selected for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Epidermal stem cells and other adult stem cells have been applied to treat wounds and other skin diseases. Epidermal stem cells are the crucial cell source of skin development, repair and remodeling. Epidermal stem cells are always in a resting state in vivo. Unless, skin injure or culture in vitro, cell division and proliferation will be significantly fastened. The stability of the epidermis mainly depends on the asymmetric division of a subpopulation, in which two daughter cells are produced, including one with characteristics of stem cells, and the other differentiated into transient amplifying cells that will be differentiated into post mitotic cells after a series of cell divisions (3-5 times). Afterwards, those post mitotic cells are developed into terminal differentiation cells on the basal layer, finally detach from the epidermis as dander. In addition, it is unclear whether epidermal factors are related to apoptosis, migration and differentiation in the process of wound repair and even under physiological conditions. Therefore, application of stem cells in wound healing requires a further discussion.     

壳聚糖-明胶海绵与脐带间充质干细胞修复皮肤伤口的差异

BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells possess multipotent differentiation and self-replication abilities, and can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells and vascular endothelial cells, which contribute to reepithelialization and angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE: To compare effects of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and chitosan-gelatin sponge in skin wound healing. METHODS: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were equivalently randomized into model, chitosan-gelatin sponge and stem cell groups. 3×3 cm full-thickness skin defects were created on the rat dorsal area in each group, and 1 day later, model rats in each group were given intradermal injection of PBS, chitosan gel or umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, respectively, for successive 15 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, the wound healing rate was higher, the epidermal thickness was decreased, and the collagen fiber area was larger in the chitosan-gelatin sponge and stem cell groups. Furthermore, the healing effect in the chitosan-gelatin sponge group was superior to that in the stem cell group. To conclude, both chitosan-gelatin sponge and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, especially umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, can effectively repair skin defects.     

浅谈褥疮的辨证施护

褥疮又称作"席疮",是以皮肤破溃,疮口经久不愈为特征。多因久病卧床,气血运行失畅,肌肤失养,每因摩擦皮肤、染毒而成。临床多见于昏迷、半身不遂或下肢瘫痪及严重慢性病的病人,常继发感染而加重病情,严重者危及性命。因此,必须加强基础护理,预防褥疮的发生。