NF-κB信号通路对大鼠深低温缺血再灌注后肺组织水通道蛋白5表达的影响

目的:探讨大鼠深低温缺血再灌注后肺组织水通道蛋白5(AQP5)的变化及核因子kappa B(NF-κB)信号通路对大鼠肺组织AQP5表达的影响。方法:30只Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组(sham组)、深低温缺血再灌注损伤组(I/R组)、PDTC干预组(I/R+PDTC组)。I/R组大鼠体表降温至深低温后阻断左下肺门30min后开放、复温;sham组只开胸但不降温阻断左下肺门;PDTC组于实验前2d腹腔注射PDTC,其余操作同I/R组;各组于再灌注复温后1h或相应时间段取肺组织行病理学观察、测肺湿/干重(W/D)比值,实时PCR及Western-blot检测肺组织中AQP5及NF-κB p65的表达。结果:I/R组与Sham组比较肺组织NF-κB p65表达增多(P<0.01),AQP5表达减少(P<0.01)、W/D比值增高(P<0.01),肺组织形态及结构明显受损;PDTC干预组与I/R组比较肺组织NF-κB p65表达减少(P<0.01),AQP5表达增加(P<0.01)、W/D比值减低(P<0.01),肺组织病理形态学改变轻于I/R组,与Sham组比较NF-κB p65表达增多(P<0.01),AQP5表达减少,W/D比值增高(P<0.01)。结论:NF-κB p65表达增加和AQP-5表达下降可能与深低温缺血再灌注造成的急性肺损伤有关,NF-κB信号通路可能负向调控AQP-5的表达。     

高龄患者冠状动脉搭桥手术的体外循环管理

目的总结高龄患者行冠状动脉搭桥手术体外循环(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)管理的经验。方法行冠状动脉搭桥手术患者48例,其中70岁以上者28例(高龄组),70岁者20例(非高龄组),回顾性比较两组的CPB差异。结果高龄组患者术前更易合并糖尿病,术前HCT较低(P<0.05)。高龄组体外循环时间(135.6±17.3)min,升主动脉阻断时间(101.3±40.2)min,术后改良超滤10例,与非高龄组相比较,差异有显著性;高龄组应用库血预充占82.1%(23/28),明显高于非高龄组的25%(P<0.01),升主动脉开放后,高龄组自动复跳24例(85.7%),非老年组自动复跳17例(85%),两组比较无差异;但高龄组有3例停CPB后需IABP辅助脱机。结论高龄并非心脏手术CPB的禁忌症,根据其患病特点,合理地行CPB管理,可以为高龄患者成功地进行冠状动脉搭桥手术提供重要保证。     

老年StanfordB型主动脉夹层的手术治疗

目的 探讨老年Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的手术治疗方法.方法 老年Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者47例分为两组,开放组采用深低温停循环下带支架人工血管置入术31例,介入组经股动脉行腔内覆膜支架人工血管植入术16例.结果 开放组,2例死于多器官功能衰竭,1例死于急性心梗;2例术后出现脑梗塞,其中1例死亡;一过性精神障碍11例,声音嘶哑3例.介入组,术后出现左上肢缺血3例,脑梗塞2例,其中1例术后出现大面积脑梗塞,8d后死亡.结论 对老年胸降主动脉夹层者须根据患者的不同情况,采用适合的治疗方法,以提高治疗效果.     

线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道阻断剂对在体大鼠肺缺血后处理的作用及其机制

目的 探讨缺血后处理(IPO)对大鼠在体肺缺血-再灌注损伤(I/R)的保护作用及线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道(mitoKATP)在缺血后处理效应中的作用.方法 将Wistar大鼠35只随机分为5组:假手术组(Sham组)、缺血再灌注损伤组(I/R组)、缺血后处理组(IPO组)、缺血再灌注损伤+5-羟基葵酸盐组(I/R+5-HD组)、缺血后处理+5-羟基葵酸盐组(IPO+5-HD组).观察各组肺组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、湿/干比值(W/D)以及病理形态学改变.结果 I/R组与Sham组比较MDA含量增加[(5.07±1.60)nmol/mg prot比(1.43±0.41)nmol/mgprot,P＜0.01],SOD活性减低[(12.38±2.24)U/mg prot比(45.51±5.42)U/mg prot,P＜0.01],W/D比值增高(5.45±0.82比3.05±0.47,P＜0.01),肺组织形态及超微结构明显受损;IPO+5-HD组与IPO组比较MDA含量增加[(3.74±0.71)nmol/mg prot比(2.60±0.43)nmol/mg prot,P＜0.01],SOD活性减低[(22.91±2.71)U/mg prot比(28.74±2.03)U/mg prot,P＜0.01],W/D比值增高(4.64±0.79比3.89±0.60,P＜0.01),肺组织形态及超微结构明显受损;IPO组与I/R组比较,肺组织MDA含量减少[(2.60±0.43)nmol/mg prot比(5.07±1.60)nmol/mg prot,P＜0.01],SOD活性增高[(28.74±2.03)U/mg prot比(12.38±2.24)U/mg prot,P＜0.01],W/D比值减低(3.89±0.60比5.45±0.82,P＜0.01),肺组织病理形态学改变轻于I/R组;I/R+5-HD组与I/R组比较,肺组织MDA含量[(5.14±1.30)mol/mg prot比(5.07±1.60)mol/mg prot,P＞0.05)、SOD活性[(11.65±1.82)U/mg prot比(12.38±2.24)U/mg prot,P＞0.05]、W/D比变化(5.54±0.61比5.45±0.82),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),肺组织病理形态学改变无明显差异.IPO+5-HD组的各项指标介于IPO组和I/R组之间.结论 缺血后处理能减轻大鼠在体肺缺血再灌注损伤,mitoKATP参与了肺缺血后处理效应.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the protective effect of ischemic postconditioning (IPO) on lung ischemic reperfusion (L/R) in rats in vivo and the mechanism of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP) blocker in the ischemic postconditioning. Methods Thirty five Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham group, I/R group, ischemic postconditioning (IPO) group, I/R +5-hydroxydecanoate (I/R + 5-HD) group, IPO + 5-HD group. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoide dismutase (SOD) were determined in the lung homogenate, wet to dry weight ratio (W/D) was measured and pathological changes were also observed. Results The levels of MDA[(5.07±1.60) vs (1.43 ±0.41) nmol/mg prot,P＜0. 01]and W/D (5.45 ±0.82 vs 3.05 ±0. 47,P ＜0. 01 ) were increased significantly in I/R group as compared with sham group, while the activity of SOD[( 12. 38 ±2. 24) vs (45.51 ±5.42) U/mg prot,P ＜0. 01]was decreased, and the injury of lung tissues was significantly aggravated in IPO + 5-HD group as compared with IPO group[MDA: (3.74 ±0. 71 ) nmol/mg prot vs (2. 60 ± 0. 43 ) nmol/mg prot , P ＜ 0. 01]; W/D: 4. 64 ± 0. 79 vs 3. 89 ± 0. 60,P＜0.01; SOD:[(22.91 ±2.71) U/mg prot vs (28.74±2.03) U/mg prot,P＜0. 01]. The levels of MDA[(2.60±0.43) vs (5.07 ±1.60) nmol/mg prot,P＜0. 01]and W/D (3.89 ±0.60 vs 5.45 ±0. 82,P ＜0. 01 ) were decreased significantly in IPO group as compared with I/R group, the activity of SOD[(28.74±2.03) vs (12.38 ±2.24) U/mg prot,P＜0. 01]increased and lung tissue histological damage attenuated. The difference in MDA[(5.14 ± 1.30) vs (5.07 ± 1.60) nmol/mg prot, P ＞ 0. 05],W/D (5.54±0.61 vs5.45 ±0.82,P＞0.05) and SOD[(11.65 ±1.82) vs (12.38 ±2.24) U/mgprot,P ＞ 0. 05]levels had no statistical significance between I/R + 5-HD group and I/R group, and the injury of lung tissues had no significant difference too. Each index in IPO + 5-HD group was between IPO and I/R groups. Conclusion Ischemic postconditioning can attenuate the lung I/R injury, and mitoKATP plays a vital role in the protective procession of ischemic postconditioning on lung ischemic reperfusion.