未分类肾细胞癌的临床病理与染色体畸变研究

目的:探讨未分类肾细胞癌(undifferentiated renal carcinoma,URCC)基因组DNA的变化特征.方法:应用比较基因组杂交(CGH)技术分析2例未分类肾癌患者.根据组织学分型、临床分期、性别和年龄进行分组比较.结果:①2例URCC CGH分析结果显示:URCC中发生DNA拷贝数扩增最常见部位是1p和3q,其他依次是2q、16q和1q(>50%);DNA拷贝数缺失最常见的部位是17p,其他依次6p、16p、20p、17q、5p、3p和11q(>50%).②2例URCC免疫组化表达CD10,CK,VIM,P53强阳性表达.结论:①1p、3q、2q、16q和1q的扩增及2p、6p、16p、20p、17q、5p、3p和11q的缺失可能与URCC发病相关.②17p缺失可能与URCC的高级别类型、预后差相关.     

活性氧在多能干细胞中的作用

Pluripotent stem cells are characterized by the properties of self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into multiple cell types. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive metabolites. High levels of ROS are toxic and involved in stem cell senescence and apoptosis. However, regulation of ROS has an important role in maintaining “stemness” and differentiation of the stem cells. The role of ROS in the stem cells varies among different stem cell types. NADPH oxidase is one of the major sources of ROS in stem cells. Excessive amounts of ROS are produced in various pathophysiological states such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, and aging. Induced pluripotent stem cells have the potential to be used in modeling of ROS-associated diseases.Understanding the molecular mechanisms  how ROS regulate the functions of stem cells will greatly enhance their translational applications. In this review, we summarize the recent progress regarding the roles of ROS in regulating the functions of embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells.     

寡核苷酸阵列比较基因组杂交技术在肿瘤研究中作用

人类肿瘤的发生发展具有遗传相关性[1],几乎所有的肿瘤存在基因组DNA拷贝数异常,这些异常与原癌基因的扩增和抑癌基因的缺失密切相关.因此,利用先进的分子遗传学新技术,研究肿瘤组织中基因组DNA异常,已成为人类了解肿瘤发生机制的重心.1992年,Kallioniemi等首次提出比较基因组杂交(CGH)技术,能对染色体上DNA序列进行检测并定位.