PFNA在老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者中的应用

目的观察PFNA治疗老年粗隆间骨折的效果。方法对24例合并内科疾病的老年粗隆间骨折患者行闭式复位,C-型臂透视下复位满意后置入PFNA固定。按Harris评分标准对髋关节评分。结果 24例患者手术时间30~65 min,术中出血80~200 m L,术中无输血病例,术后未放置引流,切口均Ⅰ期愈合,原有内科疾病无加重。患者均获6~14个月的随访,骨折均获骨性愈合,愈合时间15~24.2周。1例螺旋刀片向外滑动约0.5 cm,但未切割出头,发生轻度髋内翻畸形。无1例压疮及深静脉血栓发生。术后12个月髋关节功能Harris评分优良率达95.83%(23/24)。结论应用PFNA治疗合并内科疾病粗隆间骨折的老年患者,创伤小,固定牢固,术后并发症少。     

影响椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病疗效的术前因素分析

目的探讨单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效,分析术前因素为判断患者预后提供一定依据。方法 2013年6月至2016年11月,我科收治多节段脊髓型颈椎病并接受单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗获得随访患者47例,其中男29例,女18例;年龄36～72岁,平均(55.26±9.30)岁。测量患者的颈椎曲度、脊髓信号强度、脊髓受压程度。多元线性回归分析日本骨科协会(Japanese orthopaedic association,JOA)评分改善率与年龄、病程、颈椎曲度、脊髓信号强度、脊髓受压程度、术前JOA评分的关系。结果 47例患者均获得随访,随访时间14～19个月,平均16.5个月。JOA评分由术前的(9.23±1.18)分升至末次随访时的(13.23±1.66)分,平均改善率为(51.93±19.03)%。改善率与病程、脊髓信号强度、脊髓受压程度之间有直线相关关系。进入逐步回归方程的因素有脊髓受压程度、病程、脊髓信号强度,标准化回归系数依次是-0.224、-0.344、-0.406。结论单开门椎管扩大成形术是治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的有效方法,影响改善率的主要因素是脊髓受压程度、病程、脊髓信号强度。     

清热散治疗老年肺炎心气不足证的验案浅析

老年肺炎治疗由于其特殊的生理、病理特点,病情往往复杂多变,尤其需要对患者症状仔细甄别。本案为陈旧性脑梗、白细胞减少的免疫功能低下的老年患者,以午后至次日清晨发热、口干欲饮水、小便自利为主症,辨证属心气不足证,以扶正祛邪为原则,以补养心气,透热除邪为主要治法,以清热散为主方,临床获得良效。该案显示老年肺炎多属正虚邪恋、心气不足一类特殊证型,清热散加减是治疗该证的有效方剂。     

新英格兰医学杂志

药物流产后索氏梭菌相关的致命中毒性休克综合征;复合型口服避孕药在系统性红斑狼疮妇女中的应用;绝经后早期乳腺癌患者应用来曲唑和他莫昔芬的疗效比较[编者按]     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节强直的疗效及康复锻炼的意义

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for bony ankylosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and the significance of postoperative rehabilitation. Meth-ods From October 1998 to May 2007, 28 patients (46 hips) suffered from ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis underwent THA. There were 27 males, 1 female, with the mean age of 38.9 years (range 22 to 58 years). Posterior lateral hip incision was performed in 34 hips, and modified anterior lateral combined with lateral hip incision in 12 hips. Forty hips applied cementless THA and 6 hips applied mixed THA. Har-ris scores, VAS scores and total hip range of motion in all patients were compared pre-and postoperatively to evaluate the clinical effects. Results All patients were followed up from 10 months to 64 months, with the mean time of 38.2 months. No paralysis, decubitus, and lung infection were found. Joint dislocation hap-pened in 1 case 2 weeks after operation, and was cured with close reduction. Heterotopic bone formation with Brooker Ⅰ was found in 6 hips and Brooker Ⅱ in 2 hips. Harris score increased from 28.3±10.3 preop-eratively to 82.7±7.6 postoperatively. VAS score changed from 3.5±1.4 preoperatively to 3.8±1.8 postopera-tively, and no significance was found. The hip movement range increased from 15.6°±9.3° preoperatively to 133.7°±17.6° postoperatively. Bony ankylosis in all patients disappeared and the hip function improved sig-nificantly after operation. Conclusion THA is the optimal method to treat the ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis. Early rehabilitation is necessary to improve hip function.     

肌钙蛋白I在诊断急性心肌梗塞即时检测的意义

急性心肌梗塞（AMI）是临床急诊常见的急性多发病，正确诊断及时救治对挽救濒死心肌、改善预后、降低急性期病死率和死亡率具有重要意义。在AMI的生化诊断方面，肌酸激酶（CK）及其同工酶（CK—MB）是目前常用的指标，但是CK—MB并非心脏所特有，在正常人骨骼中也有少量存在。非心脏手术或骨骼肌损伤患常有CK—MB增高，因而临床应用受到限制。     

启发式教学在生理学教学中的应用研究

针对生理学课程理论抽象、实验操作复杂等特点,阐述了启发式教学方法取代传统填鸭式教学方法的必然性。因生理学教学难度大、实验操作条件高,故着重介绍了问答式、讨论式、演绎式、归纳式、直观式等五种启发式教学方法在生理学教学中的应用。     

介绍两则组织切片染色小技巧

在常规染色和特殊染色的操作过程中，由于日工作量的巨大．切片染色的种类繁多。常常会使切片或染色剂出现一系列意想不到的问题．如：经典的教学HE切片褪色；短期内特染所用的无色品红液失效等系列问题一直困扰着我们，根据我科多年来积累的经验．现将介绍一种HE切片褪色、无色品红液在短期内失效的补救方法。以供大家参考。