艾滋病感染者口腔粘膜疣状肿块P53，Ki-67蛋白过度表达

目的:检测艾滋病感染者口腔粘膜疣状肿块的p53蛋白和Ki-67蛋白,然后和非艾滋病感染者口腔粘膜癌前病变(上皮异常增生)与口腔粘膜鳞状细胞癌进行比较,更好的了解艾滋病感染者口腔粘膜疣状肿块细胞生物学特性。方法:应用免疫组织化学LSAB法对34例艾滋病感染者口腔粘膜疣状肿块,33例非艾滋病感染者口腔粘膜癌前病变和45例非艾滋病感染者口腔粘膜鳞癌组织中p53蛋白和Ki—67蛋白进行免疫组织化学检测。结果:34例艾滋病感染者口腔粘膜疣状肿块中,有8例p53蛋白过度表达,阳性表达率为23％,26例Ki-67蛋白的表达, 阳性表达率为76％,二者均低于非艾滋病感染者口腔粘膜鳞癌,P<0.05,但与非艾滋病感染者口腔粘膜癌前病变(上皮异常增生)无明显差别,P>0.05。结论:大部分艾滋病感染者口腔粘膜疣状肿块与非艾滋病感染者口腔粘膜癌前病变(上皮异常增生)相似,已有细胞过度增殖,一部分已有抑癌基突变。     

输血医学中的前后对照研究设计:方法学考虑

过滤红细胞以除去白细胞的过程称为去白细胞。1999年,加拿大卫生部要求提供加拿大所有血液的2家供应者——Canadian Bloond Services和Hema Quebec普遍实施保存前去白细胞。法国、英国和葡萄牙也做出了类似的决定。美国还在评估阶段。遗憾的是,这项措施使他们无法在加拿大获得未去白细胞的红细胞.限制了他们评估其影响的能力。随着很多专家提出还没有支持普遍实施去白细胞的结论性证据,去白细胞的益处引发了很大争议。事实上,在一些人群中,去白细胞还未被证明有效。     

Healing Cocktail Therapy for Non-healing Tissue-ACL

1IntroductionThe incidence of the injury in the anterior cruciateligament (ACL) ,a majorligament contributingtothe sta-bility andfunctionality of the knee joint ,has beensteadi-lyincreasing as a result of increased participation in thesports activity. Currently, ACL injuries are recognizedwith greaterfrequencyinchildrenand adolescents .Tradi-tional methods for young patients are bracing, muscle re-habilitation,and activity modification.However ,as a re-sult of the poor outcome of non-operat…     

Deep brain stimulation of subthalamic neurons increases striatal dopamine metabolism and induces contralateral circling in freely moving 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats

Recent studies have reported a genetic association between the -1438 G/A polymorphism within the promoter region of the 5-HT(2A) receptor gene and eating disorders (ED), with conflicting results. To clarify the role of the -1438 G/A polymorphism in different ED categories we have analyzed the genotype and allele frequency distribution in 54 Italian patients with Binge ED (BED) compared to 132 obese non-BED subjects. No significant differences were found between obese BED and obese non-BED individuals, suggesting that this polymorphism does not genetically distinguish these two phenotypes. Moreover, the evaluation of 148 patients with anorexia nervosa and 86 patients with bulimia nervosa revealed an association of the A allele with both these disorders.     

Stress proteins as inducers and targets of regulatory T cells in arthritis

Immunization with microbial or mammalian stress proteins or heat-shock proteins in models of experimental autoimmunity has been observed to lead to increased disease resistance. Furthermore, such immunization has been proposed to result in the induction and expansion of T cells that suppress disease upon transfer. Comparisons of microbial heat-shock proteins with other conserved immunogenic proteins of bacterial origin have indicated a unique capacity for heat-shock proteins to induce a regulatory phenotype in T cells, such as reflected by the production of IL10. Also, studies in children with chronic arthritis have indicated that T-cell responses to heat-shock proteins are associated with a benign course of the disease and with remission. Furthermore, in patients, heat-shock-protein-(HSP-) activated T cells were shown to display regulatory phenotypes consistent with CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory cells.     

ApoAI deficiency results in marked reductions in plasma cholesterol but no alterations in amyloid-beta pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease-like cerebral amyloidosis

Epidemiological studies suggest links between cholesterol metabolism and Alzheimer's disease (AD), with hypercholesterolemia associated with increased AD risk, and use of cholesterol-lowering drugs associated with decreased risk. Animal models using cholesterol-modifying dietary or pharmacological interventions demonstrate similar findings. Proposed mechanisms include effects of cholesterol on the metabolism of amyloid-beta (Abeta), the protein that deposits in AD brain. To investigate the effect of genetic alterations in plasma cholesterol on Abeta pathology, we crossed the PDAPP transgenic mouse model of AD-like cerebral amyloidosis to apolipoprotein AI-null mice that have markedly reduced plasma cholesterol levels due to a virtual absence of high density lipoproteins, the primary lipoprotein in mice. Interestingly and in contrast to models using non-physiological high fat diets or cholesterol-lowering drugs to modify plasma cholesterol, we observed no differences in Abeta pathology in PDAPP mice of the various apoAI genotypes despite robust differences in plasma cholesterol levels between the groups. Absence of apoAI also resulted in reductions in brain but not cerebrospinal fluid cholesterol, but had no effect on brain apolipoprotein E levels. These and other data suggest that it is perhaps the level of brain apolipoprotein E, not cholesterol per se, that plays a primary role in brain Abeta metabolism.     

Immunization reverses memory deficits without reducing brain Abeta burden in Alzheimer's disease model

We have previously shown that chronic treatment with the monoclonal antibody m266, which is specific for amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), increases plasma concentrations of Abeta and reduces Abeta burden in the PDAPP transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We now report that administration of m266 to PDAPP mice can rapidly reverse memory deficits in both an object recognition task and a holeboard learning and memory task, but without altering brain Abeta burden. We also found that an Abeta/antibody complex was present in both the plasma and the cerebrospinal fluid of m266-treated mice. Our data indicate that passive immunization with this anti-Abeta monoclonal antibody can very rapidly reverse memory impairment in certain learning and memory tasks in the PDAPP mouse model of AD, owing perhaps to enhanced peripheral clearance and (or) sequestration of a soluble brain Abeta species.     

HIV infection and associated risks among young men who have sex with men in a Florida resort community

OBJECTIVE: Several recent studies have reported high rates of sexual risk-taking and HIV infection among young men who have sex with men (MSM). Most of these studies used samples of convenience. The authors obtained population-based data on young MSM living in South Beach (Miami Beach, Florida), a resort community where some of the highest AIDS rates in the United States have been reported. METHODS: A household probability sample was drawn to survey unmarried 18- to 29-year-old MSM living in South Beach. Subjects were interviewed, completed self-administered questionnaires, and provided oral specimens for HIV antibody testing. RESULTS: From the 2,622 screened residential units, 100 mostly white and Hispanic MSM (92.6% of eligible participants) were enrolled in the study. Fifteen percent of the sample tested positive for antibodies to HIV. White and Hispanic MSM had similar rates. Forty-five percent of the sample reported engaging in unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) in the prior 12 months, and 31% reported UAI with a nonprimary partner. The estimated annual incidence of HIV infection was 6.3%. CONCLUSION: The high prevalences of UAI and HIV infection in South Beach attest to a previously undocumented public health concern. The extremely high estimated incidence for young MSM in South Beach highlights the urgent need for more effective risk-reduction interventions and further epidemiological research on resort areas.