电针对脓毒症相关性脑病大鼠海马神经元突触损伤的影响

目的:探讨电针对脓毒症相关性脑病大鼠海马神经元突触损伤的影响。方法:健康成年雄性SD大鼠48只,体重250～300 g,采用随机数字表法分为4组( n＝12)：假手术组(Sham组)、脓毒症相关性脑病组(SAE组)、脓毒症相关性脑病+电针组(SAE+EA组)和脓毒症相关性脑病+假电针组(SAE+SEA组)。...     

右美托咪啶对冠心病患者非心脏手术期间的心肌保护效应

目的 评价右美托咪啶对冠心病患者非心脏手术期间的心肌保护效应.方法 选择行上腹部手术的冠心病患者80例,性别不限,年龄43～76岁,体重52～80 kg,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,NYHA 分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为2组(n=40):对照组(C组)和右美托咪啶组(D组).D组麻醉诱导前10 min静脉注射右美托咪啶负荷剂量1μg/kg,继之以0.4μg·kg-1·h-1的速率维持至术毕,C组给予等容量生理盐水.两组术中维持BIS值40～49.于麻醉诱导前和术毕时取血样,测定血清IL-6、TNF-α、cTnI和糖原磷酸化酶BB(GP-BB)的浓度,记录术中心血管不良反应的发生情况.结果 与C组比较,D组血清IL-6、,TNF-α、cTnI及GP-BB水平明显降低,心动过缓发生率升高,心动过速和心肌缺血发生率降低(P<0.05).结论 右美托咪啶对冠心病患者非心脏手术期间可产生心肌保护效应,其机制可能与抑制促炎性细胞因子释放有关.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the myocardial protective effect of dexmedetomidine during non-cardiac surgery in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods Eighty ASAⅡor Ⅲ patients with coronary heat disease (NYHA Ⅱ or Ⅲ)aged 43-76 yr weighing 52-80 kg scheduled for elective upper abdominal surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=40 each)：control group(group C)and dexmedetomidine group(group D).Anesthesia was induced with etomidate 0.25 mg／kg,sufentanil 0.5 μg／kg and vecuronium 0.1 mg／kg.The patients were tracheal intubated and mechanically ventilated.A loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1μg/kg was injected intravenously 10 min before induction followed by infusion at 0.4 μg·kg-1·h-1 until the end of operation in group D.While equal volume of normal saline was given in group C.BIS was maintained at 40-49.Blood samples were taken before induction and at the end of operation for determination of serum concenlrations of IL-6,TNF-α,cardiac troponin Ⅰ(cTnI)and glycogen phosphorylase BB(GP-BB).The adverse cardiovascular events were recorded during operation.Results The serum concentrations of IL-6,TNF-α,cTnI and GP-BB and incidences of tachycardia and myocardial ischemia were significantly lower,while the incidences of bradycardia highcr in group D than in group C (P<0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine Can exert the myocardial protective effect during non-cardiac surgery in patients with coronary heart disease and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.     

七氟醚预先给药对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注时细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨七氟醚预先给药对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注时细胞凋亡的影响.方法 健康清洁级雄性SD大鼠30只,体重220～260 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=10):对照组(C组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、七氟醚组(S组).I/R组和S组采用夹闭左肾蒂45 min后恢复再灌注的方法 建立肾脏缺血再灌注模型,C组腹部正中切口,右肾切除,左肾蒂游离后,缝合腹腔;S组模型制备前30 min开始吸入2.2%七氟醚和氧气的混合气体至再灌注3 h.于再灌注3 h时采集下腔静脉血样5 ml,测定血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)浓度,然后取肾组织,光镜下观察肾组织病理学结果,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,计算细胞凋亡指数,采用RT-PCR和Western blot法测定血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)mRNA及蛋白表达水平.结果 与C组比较,I/R组和S组血清BUN、Cr浓度、肾脏近曲小管坏死程度、细胞凋亡指数升高,HO-1 mRNA和蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,S组血清BUN、Cr浓度、细胞凋亡指数、肾脏近曲小管坏死程度降低,HO-1 mRNA表达上调(P＜0.05).结论 七氟醚预先给药可通过抑制细胞凋亡而减轻大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤,其抑制细胞凋亡作用可能与HO-1 mRNA表达上调有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane pretreatment on renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced apoptosis in kidney in rats. Methods Thirty pathogen-free male SD rats weighing 220-260 g were randomized into 3 groups (n=10 each):group control (group C);group I/R and group sevoflurane(group S). Renal I/R was induced by clamping the left renal pedicle for 45 min in I/R and S groups. In group S inhalation of 2.2% sevoflurane in O2 was started at 30 min before operation and maintained throughout the experiment.Venous blood samples were taken at 3 h of reperfusion for determination of serum BUN and Cr concentrations. The animals were then sacrificed and the left kidneys were removed for microscopic examination, detection of apoptosis(by TUNEL)and determination of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) mRNA and protein expression (by RT-PCR and Western blot).Results Renal I/R significantly increased serum BUN and Cr concentrations, apoptotic index(percentage of apoptotic cells) and the severity of necrosis of renal proximal convoluted tubules (0=normal,4=necrosis of whole segment of proximal convoluted tubules).Sevoflurane inhalation attenuated the I/R-induced changes mentioned above.HO-1 mRNA and protein expression was up-regulated by I/R and HO-1 mRNA expression was further up-regulated by sevoflurane inhalation.Conclusion Sevoflurane pretreatment can protect kidney against I/R injury by attenuating cell apoptosis.Up-regulation of HO-1 mRNA expression may be involved in the mechanism.     

气腹性肺损伤的机制与防治策略

背景 腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、恢复快等特点.但手术过程中建立CO2气腹会造成腹腔内高压和酸碱平衡失调,引起不同程度的肺组织损伤,导致术后肺功能不全,严重者甚至可以发展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS). 目的 阐述气腹性肺损伤的机制和防治研究新进展. 内容 气腹性肺损伤的发生机制很复杂,可由通气/血流比例失调、氧化和抗氧化系统失衡、缺血/缺氧、缺血/再灌注损伤、促炎和抗炎反应失衡等因素引起.通过小潮气量联合呼气末正压通气的肺通气模式,允许性高碳酸血症,气腹前预处理和药物的应用可以减轻气腹引起的肺损伤. 趋向 通过对CO2气腹引起肺损伤的发生机制及防治策略进行综述,期望为气腹性肺损伤的预防及治疗提供新的思路.     

右美托咪啶对冠心病患者非心脏手术期间的心肌保护效应

Objective To evaluate the myocardial protective effect of dexmedetomidine during non-cardiac surgery in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods Eighty ASAⅡor Ⅲ patients with coronary heat disease (NYHA Ⅱ or Ⅲ)aged 43-76 yr weighing 52-80 kg scheduled for elective upper abdominal surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=40 each)：control group(group C)and dexmedetomidine group(group D).Anesthesia was induced with etomidate 0.25 mg／kg,sufentanil 0.5 μg／kg and vecuronium 0.1 mg／kg.The patients were tracheal intubated and mechanically ventilated.A loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1μg/kg was injected intravenously 10 min before induction followed by infusion at 0.4 μg·kg-1·h-1 until the end of operation in group D.While equal volume of normal saline was given in group C.BIS was maintained at 40-49.Blood samples were taken before induction and at the end of operation for determination of serum concenlrations of IL-6,TNF-α,cardiac troponin Ⅰ(cTnI)and glycogen phosphorylase BB(GP-BB).The adverse cardiovascular events were recorded during operation.Results The serum concentrations of IL-6,TNF-α,cTnI and GP-BB and incidences of tachycardia and myocardial ischemia were significantly lower,while the incidences of bradycardia highcr in group D than in group C (P<0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine Can exert the myocardial protective effect during non-cardiac surgery in patients with coronary heart disease and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.     

右美托咪啶复合依托咪酯用于老年患者经内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影术的麻醉效果

随着消化道内镜诊疗技术的进展,经内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)手术具有创伤小、恢复快等优点,已成为常见的日间手术之一.ERCP手术对象多为老年患者,常合并不同程度的心肺疾患,此外,手术体位和内窥镜置入亦会影响患者的通气功能和呼吸管理.     

电针刺激足三里和肺俞穴对兔内毒素休克诱发急性肺损伤的影响

目的 评价电针刺激足三里和肺俞穴对兔内毒素休克诱发急性肺损伤的影响.方法 健康雄性新西兰大白兔60只,体重1.5 ～ 2.0 kg,2月龄,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为6组(n=10):假手术组(S组)、血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)抑制剂锌原卟啉-Ⅸ组(Z组)、内毒素组(L组)、电针刺激穴位+内毒素组(EL组)、电针刺激非穴位+内毒素组(SEL组)、电针刺激穴位+锌原卟啉-Ⅸ+内毒素组(ELZ组).EL组和ELZ组电针刺激双侧足三里和肺俞穴,疏密波,频率15 Hz,刺激强度以兔出现轻微肌颤为宜,1次/d,15 min/次,连续5d;SEL组刺激足三里和肺俞穴旁开0.5 cm处.停止电针刺激后24 h,L组、EL组、SEL组和ELZ组静脉注射脂多糖5 mg,/kg,S组和Z组给予等容量生理盐水0.5ml.Z组和ELZ组给予脂多糖后2h腹腔注射锌原卟啉-Ⅸ10 μmol/kg,其他4组给予等容量NaHCO3 1 ml.注射脂多糖后6h时处死兔,取肺组织,进行肺损伤评分,测定肺泡上皮细胞凋亡指数、HO-1和HO-1 mRNA表达.结果 与S组比较,Z组肺损伤评分、肺泡上皮细胞凋亡指数、HO-1和HO-1 mRNA 表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),其他4组肺损伤评分和肺泡上皮细胞凋亡指数升高,HO-1和HO-1 mRNA表达上调(P＜0.01);与L组比较,EL组肺损伤评分和肺泡上皮细胞凋亡指数降低,HO-1 和HO-1 mRNA表达上调(P＜0.01),其他2组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与EL组比较,ELZ组肺损伤评分和肺泡上皮细胞凋亡指数升高,HO-1和HO-1 mRNA表达下调(P＜0.01).结论 电针刺激足三里和肺俞穴可减轻兔内毒素休克诱发急性肺损伤,其机制与上调肺组织HO-1表达,抑制肺泡上皮细胞凋亡有关.     

电针通过NLRP3/caspase-1通路介导的细胞焦亡途径减轻脓毒症大鼠急性肺损伤

目的:观察电针足三里穴和肺俞穴是否通过NLRP3/caspase-1通路介导的细胞焦亡途径减轻脓毒症诱导的大鼠急性肺损伤。方法:成年健康雄性SD大鼠30只,采用随机数字表法分为5组:对照组、模型组、电针组、电针+NLRP3激活剂组、非经非穴电针组,每组6只。采用盲肠结扎穿孔法建立脓毒症模型。电针组选取双侧足三里穴和肺俞穴给予疏密波电针刺激(模型制备前5 d每天进行1次,模型制备过程中每6 h进行1次,30 min/次);非经非穴电针组以相同的参数电针刺激足三里穴和肺俞穴旁开5 mm非经非穴处。于模型制备前30 min电针+NLRP3激活剂组腹腔注射100 mg/kg尼日利亚菌素钠盐。建模后24 h时处死大鼠取肺组织,计算肺湿重/干重(W/D)比值,观察病理学结果并行肺损伤评分;采用ELISA法测定肺组织白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-18含量;采用Western blot法检测肺组织核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)、裂解的半胱氨酰天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶-1(cleaved-Caspase-1)、N端消皮素-D(gasdermin D,GSDMD-N)蛋白的表达水平。结果:与对照组比较,模型组、电针组、电针+NLRP3激活剂组和非经非穴电针组肺损伤评分、W/D比值、IL-1β含量及IL-18含量均升高,肺组织NLRP3、ASC、cleaved-Caspase-1及GSDMD-N蛋白表达均上调,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与模型组比较,电针组肺损伤评分、W/D比值、IL-1β含量及IL-18含量均降低,肺组织NLRP3、ASC、cleaved-Caspase-1及GSDMD-N蛋白表达均下调,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与电针组比较,电针+NLRP3激活剂组肺损伤评分、W/D比值、IL-1β含量及IL-18含量均升高,肺组织NLRP3、ASC、cleaved-Caspase-1及GSDMD-N蛋白表达均上调,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论:电针刺激足三里穴和肺俞穴减轻大鼠脓毒症急性肺损伤的机制可能与抑制NLRP3/caspase-1通路介导的经典细胞焦亡途径有关。     

HO-1在电针减轻脓毒症相关性脑病小鼠认知功能障碍中的作用：与线粒体融合-分裂动态平衡的关系

目的:评价血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)在电针减轻脓毒症相关性脑病小鼠认知功能障碍中的作用及与线粒体融合-分裂动态平衡的关系。方法:清洁级雄性C57BL/6小鼠30只(野生型小鼠24只和HO-1基因敲除小鼠6只),6~8周龄,体重18~22 g。野生型小鼠24只采用随机数字表法分为4组( n＝6)：对照组(C...     

鞘内注射咪唑安定对蛛网膜下腔麻醉效果的影响

目的:研究鞘内注射布比卡因复合咪唑安定对妇科手术蛛网膜下腔麻醉效果的影响。方法:86例择期行子宫肌瘤切除术患者随机分为2组,每组43例。A组蛛网膜下腔给予0.5%布比卡因3.0mL+0.4mL生理盐水;B组给予0.5%布比卡因3.0mL+0.4mL咪唑安定(2mg)。观察2组躯体感觉阻滞、运动阻滞开始时间、持续时间,不同时间的Ramsay镇静评分及术后不良反应等。结果:B组感觉阻滞持续时间较延长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但2组运动阻滞时间、持续时间及镇静评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B组恶心呕吐发生率低于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:鞘内注射布比卡因复合2mg咪唑安定可延长麻醉镇痛时间,减少不良反应,但不延长运动阻滞时间。