岳阳市免费叶酸增补项目实施后育龄期妇女知信行情况调查分析

目的调查岳阳市免费叶酸增补项目实施后育龄期妇女知信行情况,分析调查人群叶酸知识知晓率、叶酸增补态度、叶酸服用依从率情况及影响因素,为项目进一步发展提供依据。方法随机选取在县(市、区)人民医院、妇幼保健机构等医疗机构的妇科、产科、计划生育门诊以及社区医院门诊就诊的育龄期妇女,通过自行设计的调查问卷进行知识、态度和行为情况的调查。结果共获得有效问卷2 038份,增补叶酸知识答对3题及以上者938名,知晓率为46. 02%。不同年龄、生育情况、文化程度、职业、家庭月收入研究对象的叶酸增补相关知识知晓率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。调查对象叶酸知识获取途径主要为从医生、妇幼专干处获得(41. 67%)。对服用叶酸持正确态度1 588名(77. 92%)。叶酸增补知识(K)、态度(A)、行为(P)之间均显著相关。多元逐步回归分析显示:年龄、生育情况、文化程度、职业、家庭月收入与增补叶酸KAP均有相关性(均P<0. 05)。结论岳阳市育龄期妇女增补叶酸知识知晓率在国内处于中等水平,育龄妇女叶酸知识知晓率、持叶酸增补正确态度率与该项目实施效果呈正相关。在项目实施过程中,要重点关注持叶酸增补不正确态度者、无职业者、文化程度较低者、未生育者、低家庭月收入者,重点宣传教育,有的放矢,提高其叶酸知识知晓率,提高叶酸服用依从率,从而降低神经管畸形发生率。     

体外与非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术的术后护理比较

冠状动脉硬化性心脏病是导致成年人死亡的一个重要原因。冠状动脉搭桥术是治疗冠心病的有效方法[1,2]。非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术(off-pumpcoronary artery bypass,OPCAB)已成为冠心病外科治疗的新趋势。我院2003年1月-2005年8月施行OPCAB45例,35例体外循环冠状动脉搭桥(on-pum     

匹罗卡品致(癎)大鼠海马中表达生长抑素的中间神经元数目变化及其轴突出芽

Objective To investigate the roles of somatostatin(SS)positive intemeurons in the development and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods Piloearpine-induced epilepsy rat model was established.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect number changes and axonal sprouting of SS positive intemeurons in different domains of the hippocampus at difierent time points.Degeneration of SS positive interneurons and their neurophils were detected by the double immunofluorescence staining with SS and Fluoro-Jade B(FJB)at 7 and 60 days after status epilepticus (SE).Results In the exoerimental rat group,the number of SS positive neurons decreased in each hippocampal domain,and it reached the lowest at 7 days post-SE(There were 11.1±3.3 in hilus,2.8±0.9 in CA1region and 1.8±0.7 in CA1region,t=13.519,9.644 and 8.808,all P<0.01).In chronic phase,the number of SS neurons gradually recovered,and exceeded the control group in CA1 area at 60 days post-SE(12.8±1.5 vs 8.8±1.3,t=-4.506,P<0.01),however,the number of SS neurons in the hilus(25.5±4.6)and CA1 area(4.8±0.8)remained significantly less than normal levels(t value were 4.691 and 3.953.both P<0.01).Increased SS positive fibers were found in the lacunosum-molecular (1m)layer and outer molecular layer of dentate gyrus after 30 days post-SE,and numerous SS positive fibers were seen threnghout the layers of area CA1 at 60 days post-SE.Double immunofluuorescence revealed that a few SS positive interneurons and fibers were also labeled by FJB in area CA1 at 7 days post-SE and in CA domain/hilus at 60 days post-SE.Conclusions SS intemeurons loss plays an important role in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy.The loss is partially caIlsed by the degeneration and death of neurons;SS positive neurophils increase within area CA1 in chronic phase may play a significant role in the generation and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.     

中药促进透皮吸收作用研究近况

中药透皮给药制剂(外用)以其避免肝脏首过效应及胃肠道的毒副反应、长效、方便等独特的优势吸引着众多的国内外制剂研究者,并成为近年来国内外研究的热点.特别是欧美等国家对中药外用制剂及透皮吸收制剂的重视,使中药透皮给药系统的研究以及如何解决其药物对皮肤的穿透性和透皮速率等项研究更成为近年来国内外研究中药外用制剂的重点课题之一,本文就近年来促进中药透皮吸收作用的研究近况综述如下:     

针刺对急性心肌缺血大鼠血清NO、血浆ET-1、NO/ET-1比值的影响

目的探讨针刺华佗夹脊穴改善急性心肌缺血的作用机制。方法采用大剂量盐酸异丙肾上腺素(ISO.100mg/kg)皮下注射建立大鼠急性心肌缺血模型。选健康SD大鼠40只,随机分为针刺治疗组、针刺预防组、模型组和空白对照组。观察针刺左侧胸4、胸5夹脊穴及左侧足三里穴对急性心肌缺血大鼠血清一氧化氮(NO)、血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)及NO/ET-1比值及ECG的影响。结果针刺治疗能够提高急性心肌缺血大鼠血清NO的含量,降低其血浆ET-1的含量,从而提高NO/ET-1比值。结论针刺华佗夹脊穴具有改善急性心肌缺血大鼠的血管内皮功能,在一定程度上纠正内皮功能紊乱的作用。针刺预防的上述作用不明显。     

匹罗卡品致(癎)大鼠海马中表达生长抑素的中间神经元数目变化及其轴突出芽

Objective To investigate the roles of somatostatin(SS)positive intemeurons in the development and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods Piloearpine-induced epilepsy rat model was established.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect number changes and axonal sprouting of SS positive intemeurons in different domains of the hippocampus at difierent time points.Degeneration of SS positive interneurons and their neurophils were detected by the double immunofluorescence staining with SS and Fluoro-Jade B(FJB)at 7 and 60 days after status epilepticus (SE).Results In the exoerimental rat group,the number of SS positive neurons decreased in each hippocampal domain,and it reached the lowest at 7 days post-SE(There were 11.1±3.3 in hilus,2.8±0.9 in CA1region and 1.8±0.7 in CA1region,t=13.519,9.644 and 8.808,all P<0.01).In chronic phase,the number of SS neurons gradually recovered,and exceeded the control group in CA1 area at 60 days post-SE(12.8±1.5 vs 8.8±1.3,t=-4.506,P<0.01),however,the number of SS neurons in the hilus(25.5±4.6)and CA1 area(4.8±0.8)remained significantly less than normal levels(t value were 4.691 and 3.953.both P<0.01).Increased SS positive fibers were found in the lacunosum-molecular (1m)layer and outer molecular layer of dentate gyrus after 30 days post-SE,and numerous SS positive fibers were seen threnghout the layers of area CA1 at 60 days post-SE.Double immunofluuorescence revealed that a few SS positive interneurons and fibers were also labeled by FJB in area CA1 at 7 days post-SE and in CA domain/hilus at 60 days post-SE.Conclusions SS intemeurons loss plays an important role in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy.The loss is partially caIlsed by the degeneration and death of neurons;SS positive neurophils increase within area CA1 in chronic phase may play a significant role in the generation and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.     

拓宽管理思路 促进科研整体水平提高

科学技术是第一生产力。市场条件下的竞争日趋激烈，其实质是科技与人才的较量。为了使中医科研的决策更具有科学性、先进性和可行性，笔者通过参与制定我院中医科研的全面规划，在调查研究和细致分析的基础上，就有关中医科研管理方面的想法试述如下。１着眼长远，制定中医科研的总体目标制定中医科研的总体规划，从发展规划、科研机构现状与预测的研究、中医事业战略研究等软科学研究等方面，为中医科研制定出切实可行的蓝图，使科研管理有遵循的目标与主攻方向。在指导思想上，以临床应用研究为主，遵循中医理论体系，坚持中医特色，探索…     

锁骨下静脉置管的护理体会

我科从2004年1月~2006年12月,对209例患者行锁骨下静脉置管,建立静脉输液通道、进行体液平衡监测及静脉营养治疗。此方法置管时间长,是抢救危重病人建立静脉通道较理想的方法。熟练的操作及精心护理可避免或减少并发症的发生,将护理体会总结如下。     

降钙素原在新生儿败血症诊断中的价值

目的为探讨血清降钙索原(PCT)对新生儿败血症早期诊断及鉴别诊断的价值。方法采用免疫色谱法对98例不同程度感染的新生儿进行PCT测定。结果败血症患儿PCT阳性(≥0．5ng／ml)率95％(其中75％≥2ng／ml，1例阴性病例为血培养阳性的脓疱疹患儿，临床无炎性反应表现)，局部感染阳性率5．26％，非感染7．69％。所有上呼吸道感染患儿均阴性。新生儿PCT水平在败血症及其他感染患儿间有显著差异。结论PCT是新生儿败血症早期诊断及鉴别诊断有价值的指标。